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Sejak penganugerahan penghargaan Nobel per … Sejak penganugerahan penghargaan Nobel pertama kali pada tahun 1901, sudah timbul kritik dan kontroversi. Setelah kematian Alfred Nobel pada tahun 1896, ia berkeinginan bahwa penghargaan ini hanya diberikan untuk layanan kepada kemanusiaan di bidang Fisika, Kimia, Fisiologi, Kedokteran, Sastra, dan Perdamaian. Demikian pula untuk Nobel Ekonomi, dimana pemberiannya dilakukan bersamaan dengan pemberian penghargaan Nobel. Nobel berkeinginan untuk memberikan penghargaan ini kepada "pihak-pihak, dimana pada tahun sebelumnya, telah banyak memberikan manfaat terbesar pada umat manusia". Satu penghargaan, harus diberikan "kepada orang yang membuat 'penemuan' atau 'penemuan' paling penting di bidang Fisika". Sejak penghargaan ini diberikan, Komite Nobel mencatat telah memberikan penghargaan pada 77% untuk penemuan sesuatu yang sebenarnya sudah ada namun belum diketahui orang ( discovery ) dan sisanya, 23% di bidang penemuan-penemuan baru yang merupakan hasil kreasi manusia ( invention ).upakan hasil kreasi manusia ( invention ).
, Since the first award in 1901, conferment … Since the first award in 1901, conferment of the Nobel Prize has occasionally engendered criticism and controversy. After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel established that an annual prize be awarded for service to humanity in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. Similarly, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is awarded along with the Nobel Prizes. Nobel sought to reward "those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind". One prize, he stated, should be given "to the person who shall have made the most important 'discovery' or 'invention' within the field of physics". Awards committees have historically rewarded discoveries over inventions: up to 2004, 77 per cent of Nobel Prizes in physics have been given to discoveries, compared with only 23 per cent to inventions. In addition, the scientific prizes typically reward contributions over an entire career rather than a single year. No Nobel Prize was established for mathematics and many other scientific and cultural fields. An early theory that envy or rivalry led Nobel to omit a prize to mathematician Gösta Mittag-Leffler was refuted because of timing inaccuracies. Another myth that states that Nobel's spouse had an affair with a mathematician (sometimes attributed as Mittag-Leffler) has been equally debunked; Nobel was never married. A more likely explanation is that Nobel did not consider mathematics as a practical discipline, and too theoretical to benefit humankind, as well as his personal lack of interest in the field and the fact that an award to mathematicians given by Oscar II already existed at the time. Both the Fields Medal and the Abel Prize have been described as the "Nobel Prize of mathematics". The most notorious controversies have been over prizes for Literature, Peace, and Economics. Beyond disputes over which contributor's work was more worthy, critics most often discerned political bias and Eurocentrism in the result. The interpretation of Nobel's original words concerning the Literature prize has also undergone repeated revisions. A major controversies-generating factor for the more recent scientific prizes (Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine) is the Nobel rule that each award can not be shared by more than two different researches and no more than three different individuals each year. While this rule was adequate in 1901, when most of the science research was performed by individual scientists working with their small group of assistants in relative isolation, in more recent times science research has increasingly become a matter of widespread international cooperation and exchange of ideas among different research groups, themselves composed of dozens or even hundreds of researchers, spread over the years of effort needed to hypothesize, refine and prove a discovery. This has led to glaring omissions of key participants in awarded researches: as an example see below the case of the 2008 Nobel Prize for Physics, or the case of the Atlas/CMS Collaboration that produced the scientific papers that documented the Higgs boson discovery and included a list of researchers filling 15 single-spaced pages.esearchers filling 15 single-spaced pages.
, 諾貝爾獎爭議是一些關於歷史上諾貝爾獎獲獎者所產生的爭議，而歷年來文學獎與和平獎所招致的爭議最多。但与文学奖相比，和平獎是諾貝爾所有獎項中最受人爭議的一個獎項。且争议远高于其他奖项。因為和平奖獲獎者通常受到国际政治因素的影響、以及對「和平」的定義模糊不清。
, 本項ではノーベル賞を巡る論争（ノーベルしょうをめぐるろんそう）について記述する。 ス … 本項ではノーベル賞を巡る論争（ノーベルしょうをめぐるろんそう）について記述する。 スウェーデンの実業家アルフレッド・ノーベルが1896年に死去した後、その遺言によりノーベル賞が創設された。1901年の最初の賞が授与されて以来、ノーベル賞を巡る批判や論争がたびたび起こっている。 ノーベルは、「前年度に人類に最大の利益をもたらした者」を讃えるよう求めていた。ノーベルは物理学賞について、「物理学の分野で最も重要な「発見」または「発明」をした人」に与えなければならないと明言している。しかし、ノーベル物理学賞の選考委員会は、歴史的に発明よりも発見に対して賞を授与してきた。ノーベル物理学賞の受賞理由のうち、77%が発見、23%が発明に対するものである。また、科学賞（物理学賞・化学賞・生理学・医学賞）は通常、1年間の業績ではなくキャリア全体を評価する。 数学を始めとする他の多くの科学・文化的分野では、ノーベル賞の部門が存在しない。数学者ヨースタ・ミッタク＝レフラーへのノーベルの嫉妬から数学賞が作られなかったという説は、時期の不正確さから否定されている。他の可能性としてあるのは、ノーベルは数学を実用学と見なしていなかったということである。フィールズ賞とアーベル賞は、ともに「ノーベル数学賞」と呼ばれることがある。 最も有名な論争は文学賞、平和賞、経済学賞を巡るものである。受賞者よりもより貢献した者がいるという論争のほか、批評家は政治的偏見とヨーロッパ中心主義をよく認識している。ノーベル文学賞に関するノーベルの言葉の解釈は、繰り返し改訂されている。認識している。ノーベル文学賞に関するノーベルの言葉の解釈は、繰り返し改訂されている。
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Since the first award in 1901, conferment … Since the first award in 1901, conferment of the Nobel Prize has occasionally engendered criticism and controversy. After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel established that an annual prize be awarded for service to humanity in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. Similarly, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is awarded along with the Nobel Prizes.el is awarded along with the Nobel Prizes.
, Sejak penganugerahan penghargaan Nobel per … Sejak penganugerahan penghargaan Nobel pertama kali pada tahun 1901, sudah timbul kritik dan kontroversi. Setelah kematian Alfred Nobel pada tahun 1896, ia berkeinginan bahwa penghargaan ini hanya diberikan untuk layanan kepada kemanusiaan di bidang Fisika, Kimia, Fisiologi, Kedokteran, Sastra, dan Perdamaian. Demikian pula untuk Nobel Ekonomi, dimana pemberiannya dilakukan bersamaan dengan pemberian penghargaan Nobel.samaan dengan pemberian penghargaan Nobel.
, 諾貝爾獎爭議是一些關於歷史上諾貝爾獎獲獎者所產生的爭議，而歷年來文學獎與和平獎所招致的爭議最多。但与文学奖相比，和平獎是諾貝爾所有獎項中最受人爭議的一個獎項。且争议远高于其他奖项。因為和平奖獲獎者通常受到国际政治因素的影響、以及對「和平」的定義模糊不清。
, 本項ではノーベル賞を巡る論争（ノーベルしょうをめぐるろんそう）について記述する。 ス … 本項ではノーベル賞を巡る論争（ノーベルしょうをめぐるろんそう）について記述する。 スウェーデンの実業家アルフレッド・ノーベルが1896年に死去した後、その遺言によりノーベル賞が創設された。1901年の最初の賞が授与されて以来、ノーベル賞を巡る批判や論争がたびたび起こっている。 ノーベルは、「前年度に人類に最大の利益をもたらした者」を讃えるよう求めていた。ノーベルは物理学賞について、「物理学の分野で最も重要な「発見」または「発明」をした人」に与えなければならないと明言している。しかし、ノーベル物理学賞の選考委員会は、歴史的に発明よりも発見に対して賞を授与してきた。ノーベル物理学賞の受賞理由のうち、77%が発見、23%が発明に対するものである。また、科学賞（物理学賞・化学賞・生理学・医学賞）は通常、1年間の業績ではなくキャリア全体を評価する。 数学を始めとする他の多くの科学・文化的分野では、ノーベル賞の部門が存在しない。数学者ヨースタ・ミッタク＝レフラーへのノーベルの嫉妬から数学賞が作られなかったという説は、時期の不正確さから否定されている。他の可能性としてあるのは、ノーベルは数学を実用学と見なしていなかったということである。フィールズ賞とアーベル賞は、ともに「ノーベル数学賞」と呼ばれることがある。とである。フィールズ賞とアーベル賞は、ともに「ノーベル数学賞」と呼ばれることがある。
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| rdfs:label |
諾貝爾獎爭議
, ノーベル賞を巡る論争
, Kontroversi Penghargaan Nobel
, Nobel Prize controversies
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| rdfs:seeAlso |
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Criticisms +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/E._C._George_Sudarshan +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Economic_Sciences +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nobel_Memorial_Prize +
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