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يختلف الشعب الصيني تميز قوي بين اللغة المك … يختلف الشعب الصيني تميز قوي بين اللغة المكتوبة (文، بينيين : ون)، واللغة المحكية (语 / 语 yǔ). فاللغة الإنجليزية ليست بهذا التمييز. ونتيجة لهذة الشروط Zhongwen (中文) وهانيو (汉语) الصينية على حد سواء في ترجمة باللغة الإنكليزية باسم «الصينية». فاللغة الصينية المكتوبة تتشكل من عدة رموز، يمكن قرائتها بغض النظر عن اختلاف اللهجات الصينية، لكن لكل لهجة نطقها الخاص للكلمة، فمن الشائع داخل الصين الاعتقاد بأن هذه الأصناف تختلف في أشكال تحدثها فقط، ولأن اللغة، عندما تكتب، هو أمر منتشر في جميع أنحاء البلاد. ولذلك على الرغم من أن الصين هي موطن لمئات من اللغات التي يتحدث بها فريدة نسبيا، والناس يعرفون القراءة والكتابة وعادة ما تكون قادرة على التواصل من خلال اللغة المكتوبة على نحو فعال في جميع أنحاء الصين.المكتوبة على نحو فعال في جميع أنحاء الصين.
, Bahasa Tionghoa lisan (Hanzi tradisional: … Bahasa Tionghoa lisan (Hanzi tradisional: 漢語; Hanzi sederhana: 汉语) terdiri atas berbagai macam varietas, yang utama adalah bahasa Mandarin, Wu, Kanton, dan Min. Bahasa-bahasa ini untuk alasan-alasan sosiologis dan politis biasanya dikelompokkan menjadi satu kelompok bahasa Tionghoa. Istilah dialek yang digunakan sebagai padanan kata fangyan kiranya tidak cukup untuk menggambarkan keperbedaan antara fangyan-fangyan (Hanzi: 方言; harfiah: 'bahasa daerah')yang ada. Sama seperti dialek-dialek di Indonesia yang kadang-kadang penggunanya tidak saling memahami satu dengan yang lain, bahkan lebih lagi, demikianlah "varietas" bahasa Tionghoa lisan tidak dapat dipahami antara seorang penutur dengan penutur varietas/dialek yang berbeda. Kebanyakan pakar bahasa menganggap semua varian bahasa Tionghoa sebagai bagian dari rumpun bahasa Sino-Tibet dan mereka percaya bahwa dahulu kala pernah ada sebuah bahasa proto yang mirip situasinya dengan bahasa proto Indo-Eropa di mana semua bahasa-bahasa Tionghoa, Tibet dan Myanmar adalah bahasa turunannya. Relasi antara bahasa Tionghoa, di satu sisi dengan bahasa Sino-Tibet lainnya masih belum begitu jelas berbeda dengan bahasa-bahasa Indo-Eropa. Para pakar masih secara aktif merekonstruksi bahasa proto Sino-Tibet. Kesulitan utamanya ialah bahwa meskipun banyak sekali dokumentasi di mana kita bisa merekonstruksi bunyi-bunyi bahasa Tionghoa kuno, tidak ada dokumentasi mengenai sejarah perkembangan dari bahasa proto Sino-Tibet menjadi bahasa-bahasa Tionghoa. Selain itu banyak bahasa yang bisa membantu kita merekonstruksi bahasa proto Sino-Tibet, kurang didokumentasikan dan masih belum dikenal dengan baik.sikan dan masih belum dikenal dengan baik.
, Chinese, also known as Sinitic, is a branc … Chinese, also known as Sinitic, is a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family consisting of hundreds of local varieties, many of which are not mutually intelligible. Variation is particularly strong in the more mountainous southeast of mainland China. The varieties are typically classified into several groups: Mandarin, Wu, Min, Xiang, Gan, Hakka and Yue, though some varieties remain unclassified. These groups are neither clades nor individual languages defined by mutual intelligibility, but reflect common phonological developments from Middle Chinese. Chinese varieties differ most in their phonology, and to a lesser extent in vocabulary and syntax. Southern varieties tend to have fewer initial consonants than northern and central varieties, but more often preserve the Middle Chinese final consonants. All have phonemic tones, with northern varieties tending to have fewer distinctions than southern ones. Many have tone sandhi, with the most complex patterns in the coastal area from Zhejiang to eastern Guangdong. Standard Chinese, a form of Mandarin, takes its phonology from the Beijing dialect, with vocabulary from the Mandarin group and grammar based on literature in the modern written vernacular. It is one of the official languages of China. Taiwanese Mandarin is one of the official languages of Taiwan. Standard Singaporean Mandarin is one of the four official languages of Singapore. Chinese (specifically, Mandarin Chinese) is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. official languages of the United Nations.
, 漢語變體，或稱漢語方言、漢語分支、漢語族語言、中國方言，是漢語的語言變體。中國大陸學界統稱此等變體為漢語方言。
, Le chinois parlé (ou les dialectes chinois … Le chinois parlé (ou les dialectes chinois) comprend de nombreuses variantes. Bien que le mot dialecte soit souvent utilisé pour rendre le terme fangyan (chinois simplifié : 方言 ; chinois traditionnel : 方言 ; pinyin : fāngyán), les différences entre les principales variations parlées de la langue chinoise sont telles qu'elles sont généralement inintelligibles mutuellement. Savoir si ces variantes sont des langues ou dialectes est une source sans fin de discussions, les parlers chinois manquant de normes formelles.lers chinois manquant de normes formelles.
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漢語變體，或稱漢語方言、漢語分支、漢語族語言、中國方言，是漢語的語言變體。中國大陸學界統稱此等變體為漢語方言。
, يختلف الشعب الصيني تميز قوي بين اللغة المكتوبة (文، بينيين : ون)، واللغة المحكية (语 / 语 yǔ). فاللغة الإنجليزية ليست بهذا التمييز. ونتيجة لهذة الشروط Zhongwen (中文) وهانيو (汉语) الصينية على حد سواء في ترجمة باللغة الإنكليزية باسم «الصينية».
, Bahasa Tionghoa lisan (Hanzi tradisional: … Bahasa Tionghoa lisan (Hanzi tradisional: 漢語; Hanzi sederhana: 汉语) terdiri atas berbagai macam varietas, yang utama adalah bahasa Mandarin, Wu, Kanton, dan Min. Bahasa-bahasa ini untuk alasan-alasan sosiologis dan politis biasanya dikelompokkan menjadi satu kelompok bahasa Tionghoa.kan menjadi satu kelompok bahasa Tionghoa.
, Chinese, also known as Sinitic, is a branc … Chinese, also known as Sinitic, is a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family consisting of hundreds of local varieties, many of which are not mutually intelligible. Variation is particularly strong in the more mountainous southeast of mainland China. The varieties are typically classified into several groups: Mandarin, Wu, Min, Xiang, Gan, Hakka and Yue, though some varieties remain unclassified. These groups are neither clades nor individual languages defined by mutual intelligibility, but reflect common phonological developments from Middle Chinese.ological developments from Middle Chinese.
, Le chinois parlé (ou les dialectes chinois … Le chinois parlé (ou les dialectes chinois) comprend de nombreuses variantes. Bien que le mot dialecte soit souvent utilisé pour rendre le terme fangyan (chinois simplifié : 方言 ; chinois traditionnel : 方言 ; pinyin : fāngyán), les différences entre les principales variations parlées de la langue chinoise sont telles qu'elles sont généralement inintelligibles mutuellement. Savoir si ces variantes sont des langues ou dialectes est une source sans fin de discussions, les parlers chinois manquant de normes formelles.lers chinois manquant de normes formelles.
|
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汉语方言
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