| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract
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Loanwords have entered written and spoken … Loanwords have entered written and spoken Chinese from many sources, including ancient peoples whose descendants now speak Chinese. In addition to phonetic differences, varieties of Chinese such as Cantonese and Shanghainese often have distinct words and phrases left from their original languages which they continue to use in daily life and sometimes even in Mandarin. As a result of long-term direct relationships with northern peoples, starting from the pre-Christ period, there are many exchanges of words. In addition, there were times when northern tribes dominated China. Similarly, northern dialects include relatively greater numbers of loanwords from nearby languages such as Turkic, Mongolian, and Manchu(Tungusic). Throughout China, Buddhism has also introduced words from Sanskrit and Pali. More recently, foreign invasion and trade since the First and Second Opium Wars of the mid-nineteenth century has led to prolonged contact with English, French, and Japanese. Although politically minded language reform under the Republic and People's Republic of China have generally preferred to use calques and neologisms in place of loanwords, a growing number – particularly from American English – have become current in modern Chinese. On the mainland, transcription into Chinese characters in official media and publications is directed by the Proper Names and Translation Service of the Xinhua News Agency and its reference work Names of the World's Peoples. Since Hong Kong was under British control until 1997, Hong Kong Cantonese borrowed many words from English such as 巴士 (from the word "bus", Mandarin: bāshì, Cantonese: baa1 si2), 的士 (from "taxi", Man.: dīshì, Can.: dik1 si2), 芝士 (from "cheese", Man.: zhīshì, Can.: zi1 si6), and 麥當勞/麦当劳 (from "McDonald's", Man.: Màidāngláo, Can.: Mak6 dong1 lou4), and such loanwords have been adopted into Mandarin, despite them sounding much less similar to the English words than the Cantonese versions. Foreign businesses and products are usually free to choose their own transliterations and typically select ones with positive connotations and phonetic similarity to their products: for example, 宜家 (IKEA) is "proper home". Owing to antonomasia and genericization, these can then enter general Chinese usage: for example Coca-Cola's 可口可乐 Man.: kěkǒu kělè ("delicious fun") has led to 可乐 Man.: kělè becoming the common Chinese noun for all colas. Since the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War, relations between the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China had been hostile, thus communication between Taiwan and mainland China became limited. For that reason, many loanwords and proper names became quite different from each other. For example, "cheese" in mainland China is 芝士 zhīshì, while cheese in Taiwan is 起司 qǐsī.zhīshì, while cheese in Taiwan is 起司 qǐsī.
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| http://dbpedia.org/property/s
|
尤加利
, 反托拉斯
, 爹地
, 康康舞
, 可加
, 范特西
, 车厘子
, 加农炮
, 雪纺
, 巴士
, 啤酒
, 香槟
, 西谷米
, 可卡因
, 克拉
, 阿摩尼亚
, 可待因
, 海洛因
, 开士米
, 酷
, 巴祖卡
, 高尔夫
, 霸凌
, 巴罗克
, 阿斯匹林
, 可颂
, 嘻皮
, 咖喱
, 安瓿
, 曲奇
, 多隆
, 忌廉／淇淋
, 绷带
, 丹戎
, 哈喽
, 赛璐珞
, 卡特尔
, 甘榜
, 安非他命
, 哈尼
, 布鲁斯
, 恰恰舞
, 可丽饼
, 蹦极
, 苦迭打
, 高卡车
, 卡路里
, 培根
, 巧克力
, 隆帮
, 卡通
, 阿们
, 山埃
, 比特
, 吧 / 酒吧
, 班卓琴
, 的确良
, 迪斯科
, 嘉年华
, 巴松
, 拷贝
, 安培
, 咖啡因
, 阿米巴
, 贝果
, 宾果
, 卡宾枪
, 黑客
, 哈利路亚
, 阿莫西林
, 布尔乔亚
, 枯茗
, 起司 / 奇士 / 芝士
, 卡片
, 吉他
, 布朗尼
, 芭蕾
, 白兰地
, 隔都
, 汉堡包
, 波莱罗
, 西打
, 尤里卡
, 比基尼
, 可口可乐
, 百家乐
, 多米诺
, 可可
, 得来速
, 雪茄
, 迪吉里杜管
, 克拉通
, 咖啡
, 沙发
, 拜拜
, 阿斯巴甜
, 博客
, 菲力
, 克隆
, 极客
, 可乐
, 贝司
, 法西斯
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