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The Indo-Aryan migrations were the migrati … The Indo-Aryan migrations were the migrations into the Indian subcontinent of Indo-Aryan peoples, an ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages, the predominant languages of today's North India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indo-Aryan population movements into the region from Central Asia are considered to have started after 2000 BCE, as a slow diffusion during the Late Harappan period, which led to a language shift in the northern Indian subcontinent. Several hundred years later, the Iranian languages were brought into the Iranian plateau by the Iranians, who were closely related to the Indo-Aryans. The Proto-Indo-Iranian culture, which gave rise to the Indo-Aryans and Iranians, developed on the Central Asian steppes north of the Caspian Sea as the Sintashta culture (2050–1800 BCE) in present-day Russia and Kazakhstan, and developed further as the Andronovo culture (2000–1450 BCE). The Indo-Aryans split off sometime between 2000 BCE and 1600 BCE from the Indo-Iranians, and migrated southwards to the Bactria–Margiana culture (BMAC), from which they borrowed some of their distinctive religious beliefs and practices. From the BMAC, the Indo-Aryans migrated into northern Syria and, possibly in multiple waves, into the Punjab (northern Pakistan and India), while the Iranians could have reached western Iran before 1300 BCE, both bringing with them the Indo-Iranian languages. Migration by an Indo-European people was first hypothesized in the late 18th century, following the discovery of the Indo-European language family, when similarities between western and Indian languages had been noted. Given these similarities, a single source or origin was proposed, which was diffused by migrations from some original homeland. This linguistic argument of this theory is supported by archaeological, anthropological, genetic, literary and ecological research. Genetic research reveals that those migrations form part of a complex genetic puzzle on the origin and spread of the various components of the Indian population. Literary research reveals similarities between various, geographically distinct, Indo-Aryan historical cultures. Ecological studies reveal that in the second millennium BCE widespread aridization led to water shortages and ecological changes in both the Eurasian steppes and the Indian subcontinent, causing the collapse of sedentary urban cultures in south central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, and India, and triggering large-scale migrations, resulting in the merger of migrating peoples with the post-urban cultures. The Indo-Aryan migrations started sometime in the period from approximately 2000 to 1600 BCE, after the invention of the war chariot, and also brought Indo-Aryan languages into the Levant and possibly Inner Asia. It was part of the diffusion of Indo-European languages from the proto-Indo-European homeland at the Pontic–Caspian steppe, a large area of grasslands in far Eastern Europe, which started in the 5th to 4th millennia BCE, and the Indo-European migrations out of the Eurasian Steppes, which started approximately in 2000 BCE. These Indo-Aryan speaking people were united by shared cultural norms and language, referred to as ārya, "noble". Diffusion of this culture and language took place by patron-client systems, which allowed for the absorption and acculturation of other groups into this culture, and explains the strong influence on other cultures with which it interacted.n other cultures with which it interacted.
, La migrazione indoariana fu un importante … La migrazione indoariana fu un importante spostamento protostorico di popolazioni indoarie, parlanti cioè lingue indoariane, che dalle loro sedi originarie dell'Asia centrale penetrarono nel subcontinente indiano dal nord-ovest durante il II millennio a.C.. Questa migrazione è stata in parte ricostruita a partire da indizi linguistici, genetici e archeologici (che, in questo caso, non hanno rilevato una migrazione in larga scala ma solo dei piccoli movimenti di popolazioni che si diressero dal nord verso l'Asia meridionale). L'indoario è un ramo della famiglia indoiranica che si sviluppò secondo gli studiosi durante l'Età del bronzo nel contesto della Cultura di Andronovo, in Asia centrale. La migrazione degli Indoari è comunemente datata fra la media e la tarda Età del bronzo, in contemporanea con l'ultima fase della Civiltà di Harappa (1700-).ima fase della Civiltà di Harappa (1700-).
, Les migrations indo-aryennes correspondent … Les migrations indo-aryennes correspondent à l'arrivée en Inde du Nord de populations nomades de langue indo-européenne, connues sous le nom d'Aryens, Indo-Aryens ou, plus largement, Indo-Iraniens. Originaires de la steppe pontique, elles se sont d'abord étendues vers l'Asie centrale, puis ont envahi le nord-ouest du sous-continent indien à partir du IIe millénaire av. J.-C., où elles ont progressivement imposé leur langue.es ont progressivement imposé leur langue.
, La teoria de la invasió ària sosté que un … La teoria de la invasió ària sosté que un poble de cavallers i guerrers nòmades indoeuropeus, coneguda com el nom d'"aris" i originària de l'Iran, hagués conegut una gran explosió demogràfica i militar entre els s. XVII i XVI abans de Crist, per la qual van decidir envair el subcontinent indi i Europa. Aquesta teoria és l'una de les hipòtesis existents per explicar la decadència de la civilització de la Vall de l'Indus, però també l'origen de les llengües indoeuropees del continent euroasiàtic.es indoeuropees del continent euroasiàtic.
, Den vediska civilisationen är den äldsta k … Den vediska civilisationen är den äldsta kända i Indien. Namnet kommer av indoariernas heliga skrifter ("Veda"). Språket som dessa skrifter är skrivna på är vedisk sanskrit, ett språk som användes fram till 400-talet f.Kr.. De tidigaste arkeologiska spåren efter den tidiga indiska civilisationen finner man vid floden Indus. Sambandet mellan den vediska civilisationen och de tidiga civilisationerna vid Indus och Sarasvati är numera hett omtvistade, se här "ariska invasionsteorin".tvistade, se här "ariska invasionsteorin".
, 印度-雅利安人迁移是指印度-雅利安人向印度次大陸的迁移過程，印度-雅利安人是一个讲印度-雅利安语支的群体，當今印度北部、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、孟加拉国、斯里蘭卡和马尔代夫的主要语言都屬於印度-雅利安语支。公元前2000年后，印度-雅利安人开始從中亚进入印度次大陸和安納托利亞（米坦尼），这导致了印度次大陆北部的语言转变。
, De Indo-Arische migratie-theorie is een hy … De Indo-Arische migratie-theorie is een hypothese die het ontstaan van de Vedische beschaving in het noorden van India verklaart als een gevolg van de migratie van herders tijdens de Bronstijd rond 1500 v.Chr. van buiten het Indisch subcontinent. Deze herders zouden een Indo-Arische taal hebben gesproken en zich met de oorspronkelijke bevolking hebben vermengd om zo de Vedische beschaving te vormen. In de 19e en begin 20e eeuw werd verondersteld dat het ging om een grootschalige invasie. In de Veda's worden de ā́rya omschreven als een strijdlustig volk. Bijgestaan door oorlogszuchtige goden als Indra en Agni binden ze in door paarden getrokken strijdwagens de strijd aan. De conflicten met de die zich in pura (forten) verschanst hadden, werden als bewijs gezien dat de Indo-Ariërs veroveraars waren die de oorspronkelijke bevolking hadden onderworpen. Het Indiase kastenstelsel zou volgen uit een poging om de raciale zuiverheid zo veel mogelijk te bewaren waarbij het stelsel van varna's tot een rigide kastenstelsel gevormd werd. In de loop van de 20e eeuw kwamen er steeds meer aanwijzingen dat er geen sprake was geweest van een enkele invasie, maar van een complex beeld van meerdere golven van nieuwkomers die zich met de oorspronkelijke bevolking van het subcontinent mengden. De nieuwkomers brachten hun taal, religie en kennis mee. Uit de culturele interactie ontstond de Vedische cultuur die zich later over heel India zou verspreiden.ich later over heel India zou verspreiden.
, Los modelos de la migración indoaria discu … Los modelos de la migración indoaria discuten las distintas posibilidades de migraciones prehistóricas de los primitivos indoarios hasta sus asentamientos históricamente demostrados en el noroeste del subcontinente indio (principalmente el área de la actual Pakistán) y desde allí hasta el resto del norte de la India (véase Poblamiento de la India). La idea de la existencia de una migración de indoarios en la India proviene de evidencias lingüísticas pero incluye una multitud de datos de la religión y los rituales védicos, la poética y algunos aspectos de la organización social y la tecnología de carros. Los indoarios derivan de un grupo protoindoiranio, generalmente identificado con las culturas de Sintashta y de Andrónovo (en la Edad del Bronce), del norte del mar Caspio.Se presume que su migración hacia el sur, hasta el noroeste del subcontinente indio, tuvo lugar a fines de la Edad del Bronce, contemporánea a la fase final de la cultura Jarappa (entre el 1700 y el 1300 a. C.).Un influjo de hablantes del primitivo idioma indoario en la zona de la cordillera Hindukush (comparable con la expansión Kushan de los primeros siglos después de Cristo) junto con los remanentes de la cultura Jarappa (en el valle del Indo) produjeron la cultura védica, creadora del Rig-veda a principios de la Edad del Hierro.Este período se caracteriza por una migración gradual y continua de la población hacia el este, primero a la llanura gangética (los reinos Kuru y Panchala), y más hacia el este (los reinos Kosala y Videja.Esta expansión de la Edad del Hierro corresponde a la cultura de la cerámica negra y roja y la de la cerámica gris pintada. Muchos eruditos que apoyan la teoría de los indoarios que llegan a la India desde fuera de la India han sido criticados por ser hinduofóbicos. También se teoriza que la tierra natal de los indoarios era la India. En esta teoría, los académicos dicen que las migraciones indoarias de la India estimularon la dispersión de las lenguas indoeuropeas más allá de la India.lenguas indoeuropeas más allá de la India.
, Индоари́йские мигра́ции — гипотетические д … Индоари́йские мигра́ции — гипотетические доисторические миграции индоевропейцев в Индию, где они осели на северо-западе этого субконтинента (территория современного Пакистана) и далее распространялись по всей северной части Индии. Гипотезы о ранних миграциях ариев в Индию сложились преимущественно на основании лингвистических доказательств, а также этнографического анализа ведийской религии, ритуалов, поэзии, социальной организации и распространения колесниц в Древней Индии, характерных для вооружения раннеиндоевропейских племён. В то же время, результаты ряда проведённых в 2000-е годы генетических исследований свидетельствуют о том, что вклад пришлого населения в генофонд популяций Индостана очень значителен, носителей гаплогруппы R1a1 доходит до 46% в высших кастах Индии, таких как кшатрии и брахманы. Общность некоторых Y-хромосомных гаплогрупп для индийских и центральноазиатских популяций объясняется их древним соседством или (в случае с восточноевропейской гаплогруппой R1a) гораздо более древними, чем индоарийские, миграциями ледниковой и постледниковой эпохи. Индоарии, переселившиеся в древности в Индию, представляли собой часть протоиндоиранских племён, происхождение которых связывают с поселением бронзового века Синташта и андроновской археологической культурой к востоку от Каспийского моря. Эпоха миграций совпадает с серединой/концом бронзового века и позднехаррапской цивилизацией в Индии (1700—1300 гг. до н. э.). Под влиянием ранних индоарийских переселенцев за Гиндукуш (в начале новой эры была ещё одна волна миграций индоевропейских народов в Индию, связанная с кушанской экспансией) в Южной Азии сложилась ведийская цивилизация раннего железного века. В этот период индоарийское население постепенно распространялось на восток, в долину Ганга, где образовалось царство Кошала и другие ранние государственные образования. Археологически этой эпохе соответствуют культура чёрной и красной керамики и культура серой расписной керамики.амики и культура серой расписной керамики.
, Migrasi Indo-Arya adalah skenario perpindahan prasejarah Indo-Arya di pemukiman di India Utara. Bukti migrasi Indo-Arya umumnya berupa linguistik. Indo-Arya berasal dari tahap Proto-Indo-Iran awal.
, الهجرات الهندوآرية هي هجرات الشعوب الهندوآ … الهجرات الهندوآرية هي هجرات الشعوب الهندوآرية إلى شبه القارة الهندية، وهم مجموعة إثنولغوية تتحدث اللغات الهندوآرية، وهي اللغات المسيطرة في شمال الهند وباكستان ونيبال وبنغلادش وسيرلانكا والمالديف. تُعتبر حركات الشعوب الهندوآرية إلى تلك المنطقة والأناضول (ميتاني قديمًا) من آسيا الوسطى عامةً أنها بدأت منذ حوالي 2000 سنة قبل الميلاد، كانتشار بطيء خلال فترة الهاربان المتأخرة، والتي أدت إلى تحول لغوي في شمال شبه القارة الهندية. أوصل الإيرانيون اللغات الإيرانية إلى إيران، والذين كانوا مقربين من الهندوآريين. تطورت الثقافة البدائية الهندوإيرانية، التي أدت إلى ظهور الهندوآريين والإيرانيين، في سهوب آسيا الوسطى شمال بحر قزوين باعتبارها ثقافة سيناتشتا (2200-1800 قبل الميلاد) في روسيا وكازاخستان الحالية، وتطورت إلى حد بعيد بصفتها ثقافة أندرونوفو (2000-900 قبل الميلاد)، حول بحر آرال. هاجر الهندوإيرانيون البادئيون جنوبًا إلى ثقافة باكتريا-مارغيانا، حيث استعاروا منها معتقداتهم وممارساتهم الدينية المميزة. انقسم الهندوآريون منذ حوالي 1800 قبل الميلاد إلى 1600 قبل الميلاد عن الإيرانيين، وبعد ذلك هاجر الهندوآريون إلى الأناضول والجزء الشمالي من جنوب آسيا (أفغانستان الحديثة وبنغلاديش والهند وباكستان ونيبال)، بينما انتقل الإيرانيون إلى إيران، وأحضر كلاهما معه اللغات الهندوإيرانية. طُرحت نظرية هجرة الشعب الهندوأوروبي لأول مرة في أواخر القرن الثامن عشر، بعد اكتشاف عائلة اللغات الهندوالأوروبية، عندما لوحظ وجود أوجه تشابه بين اللغات الغربية والهندية. بالنظر إلى أوجه التشابه هذه، اقتُرح مصدر أو أصل واحد، والذي انتشر عن طريق الهجرة من الوطن الأصلي. يدعم هذه الحجة اللغوية البحوث الأركيولوجية والأنثروبولوجية والوراثية والأدبية والبيئية. يكشف البحث الجيني أن هذه الهجرات تشكل جزءًا من لغز جيني معقد حول أصل وانتشار المكونات المختلفة للسكان الهنود. يكشف البحث الأدبي أوجه التشابه بين الثقافات التاريخية الهندوآرية المختلفة والمميزة جغرافياً. تكشف الدراسات البيئية أنه في الألفية الثانية قبل الميلاد، أدى الجفاف واسع الانتشار إلى نقص المياه والتغيرات البيئية في كل من السهول الأوراسية وشبه القارة الهندية، ما تسبب في انهيار الثقافات الحضرية المستقرة في جنوب آسيا الوسطى وأفغانستان وإيران والهند، والذي أدى إلى الهجرة على نطاق واسع، وبالتالي إلى اندماج الشعوب المهاجرة مع ثقافات ما بعد الحضر. بدأت الهجرة الهندوآرية حوالي عام 1800 قبل الميلاد، بعد اختراع عربة الحرب، وجلبت أيضًا اللغات الهندوآرية إلى بلاد الشام وربما آسيا الداخلية. كان جزءًا من انتشار اللغات الهندو أوروبية من الوطن البدائي الهندوأوروبي في سهوب بونتيك-قزوين، وهي منطقة كبيرة من المراعي في أقصى شرق أوروبا، والتي بدأت في الألفية الخامسة إلى الرابعة قبل الميلاد، والهند الهندية الهجرة الأوروبية من السهول الأوراسية، والتي بدأت تقريبًا 2000 قبل الميلاد. تفترض النظرية أن الشعب الناطق بالهندوآرية ربما كانوا مجموعة متنوعة جينيًا من البشر الذين توحدوا من خلال المعايير الثقافية واللغة المشتركة، يشار إليها باسم آريا، ومعناها النبيل. انتشرت هذه الثقافة واللغة من قبل أنظمة المستفيدين، ما سمح بامتصاص وتثاقف مجموعات أخرى في هذه الثقافة، وتفسر التأثير القوي على الثقافات الأخرى التي تفاعلت معها.لقوي على الثقافات الأخرى التي تفاعلت معها.
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, March 2016
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Why is a 2003 paper commenting on a 2011 paper?
, "... the "kulturkugel" model that has the Indo-Iranians taking over Bactria-Margiana cultural traits but preserving their language and religion ..."
, Next section says - borrowed "distinctive religious beliefs and practices"
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Los modelos de la migración indoaria discu … Los modelos de la migración indoaria discuten las distintas posibilidades de migraciones prehistóricas de los primitivos indoarios hasta sus asentamientos históricamente demostrados en el noroeste del subcontinente indio (principalmente el área de la actual Pakistán) y desde allí hasta el resto del norte de la India (véase Poblamiento de la India). También se teoriza que la tierra natal de los indoarios era la India. En esta teoría, los académicos dicen que las migraciones indoarias de la India estimularon la dispersión de las lenguas indoeuropeas más allá de la India.lenguas indoeuropeas más allá de la India.
, De Indo-Arische migratie-theorie is een hy … De Indo-Arische migratie-theorie is een hypothese die het ontstaan van de Vedische beschaving in het noorden van India verklaart als een gevolg van de migratie van herders tijdens de Bronstijd rond 1500 v.Chr. van buiten het Indisch subcontinent. Deze herders zouden een Indo-Arische taal hebben gesproken en zich met de oorspronkelijke bevolking hebben vermengd om zo de Vedische beschaving te vormen.gd om zo de Vedische beschaving te vormen.
, 印度-雅利安人迁移是指印度-雅利安人向印度次大陸的迁移過程，印度-雅利安人是一个讲印度-雅利安语支的群体，當今印度北部、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、孟加拉国、斯里蘭卡和马尔代夫的主要语言都屬於印度-雅利安语支。公元前2000年后，印度-雅利安人开始從中亚进入印度次大陸和安納托利亞（米坦尼），这导致了印度次大陆北部的语言转变。
, الهجرات الهندوآرية هي هجرات الشعوب الهندوآ … الهجرات الهندوآرية هي هجرات الشعوب الهندوآرية إلى شبه القارة الهندية، وهم مجموعة إثنولغوية تتحدث اللغات الهندوآرية، وهي اللغات المسيطرة في شمال الهند وباكستان ونيبال وبنغلادش وسيرلانكا والمالديف. تُعتبر حركات الشعوب الهندوآرية إلى تلك المنطقة والأناضول (ميتاني قديمًا) من آسيا الوسطى عامةً أنها بدأت منذ حوالي 2000 سنة قبل الميلاد، كانتشار بطيء خلال فترة الهاربان المتأخرة، والتي أدت إلى تحول لغوي في شمال شبه القارة الهندية. أوصل الإيرانيون اللغات الإيرانية إلى إيران، والذين كانوا مقربين من الهندوآريين.إيران، والذين كانوا مقربين من الهندوآريين.
, Den vediska civilisationen är den äldsta k … Den vediska civilisationen är den äldsta kända i Indien. Namnet kommer av indoariernas heliga skrifter ("Veda"). Språket som dessa skrifter är skrivna på är vedisk sanskrit, ett språk som användes fram till 400-talet f.Kr.. De tidigaste arkeologiska spåren efter den tidiga indiska civilisationen finner man vid floden Indus. Sambandet mellan den vediska civilisationen och de tidiga civilisationerna vid Indus och Sarasvati är numera hett omtvistade, se här "ariska invasionsteorin".tvistade, se här "ariska invasionsteorin".
, La migrazione indoariana fu un importante … La migrazione indoariana fu un importante spostamento protostorico di popolazioni indoarie, parlanti cioè lingue indoariane, che dalle loro sedi originarie dell'Asia centrale penetrarono nel subcontinente indiano dal nord-ovest durante il II millennio a.C.. Questa migrazione è stata in parte ricostruita a partire da indizi linguistici, genetici e archeologici (che, in questo caso, non hanno rilevato una migrazione in larga scala ma solo dei piccoli movimenti di popolazioni che si diressero dal nord verso l'Asia meridionale).essero dal nord verso l'Asia meridionale).
, The Indo-Aryan migrations were the migrati … The Indo-Aryan migrations were the migrations into the Indian subcontinent of Indo-Aryan peoples, an ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages, the predominant languages of today's North India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indo-Aryan population movements into the region from Central Asia are considered to have started after 2000 BCE, as a slow diffusion during the Late Harappan period, which led to a language shift in the northern Indian subcontinent. Several hundred years later, the Iranian languages were brought into the Iranian plateau by the Iranians, who were closely related to the Indo-Aryans.o were closely related to the Indo-Aryans.
, La teoria de la invasió ària sosté que un … La teoria de la invasió ària sosté que un poble de cavallers i guerrers nòmades indoeuropeus, coneguda com el nom d'"aris" i originària de l'Iran, hagués conegut una gran explosió demogràfica i militar entre els s. XVII i XVI abans de Crist, per la qual van decidir envair el subcontinent indi i Europa. Aquesta teoria és l'una de les hipòtesis existents per explicar la decadència de la civilització de la Vall de l'Indus, però també l'origen de les llengües indoeuropees del continent euroasiàtic.es indoeuropees del continent euroasiàtic.
, Индоари́йские мигра́ции — гипотетические д … Индоари́йские мигра́ции — гипотетические доисторические миграции индоевропейцев в Индию, где они осели на северо-западе этого субконтинента (территория современного Пакистана) и далее распространялись по всей северной части Индии. Гипотезы о ранних миграциях ариев в Индию сложились преимущественно на основании лингвистических доказательств, а также этнографического анализа ведийской религии, ритуалов, поэзии, социальной организации и распространения колесниц в Древней Индии, характерных для вооружения раннеиндоевропейских племён. В то же время, результаты ряда проведённых в 2000-е годы генетических исследований свидетельствуют о том, что вклад пришлого населения в генофонд популяций Индостана очень значителен, носителей гаплогруппы R1a1 доходит до 46% в высших кастах Индии, таких как кшатр46% в высших кастах Индии, таких как кшатр
, Migrasi Indo-Arya adalah skenario perpindahan prasejarah Indo-Arya di pemukiman di India Utara. Bukti migrasi Indo-Arya umumnya berupa linguistik. Indo-Arya berasal dari tahap Proto-Indo-Iran awal.
, Les migrations indo-aryennes correspondent … Les migrations indo-aryennes correspondent à l'arrivée en Inde du Nord de populations nomades de langue indo-européenne, connues sous le nom d'Aryens, Indo-Aryens ou, plus largement, Indo-Iraniens. Originaires de la steppe pontique, elles se sont d'abord étendues vers l'Asie centrale, puis ont envahi le nord-ouest du sous-continent indien à partir du IIe millénaire av. J.-C., où elles ont progressivement imposé leur langue.es ont progressivement imposé leur langue.
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| rdfs:label |
هجرة هندوآرية
, Migrations indo-iraniennes
, Migrasi Indo-Arya
, Migración indoaria
, Indo-Aryan migrations
, Indo-Arische migratie-theorie
, 印度-雅利安人迁徙
, Antikens och forntidens Indien
, Índia antiga
, Migrazione indoariana
, Индоарийские миграции
, Teoria de la invasió ària
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| rdfs:seeAlso |
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Neolithic_Revolution +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Genetics +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Peopling_of_India +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Inner%E2%80%93Outer_hypothesis +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Language_shift +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mitanni +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Indo-Aryan_superstrate +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Indo-Iranians +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Archaeogenetics_of_South_Asia +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Indo-European_migrations +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bond_event +
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