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The History of Punjab refers to the past h … The History of Punjab refers to the past human history of Punjab region which is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent, comprising eastern Pakistan and Punjab state in India. It is believed that the earliest evidence of human habitation in Punjab traces to the Soan valley between the Indus and the Jhelum rivers, where Soanian culture developed between 774,000 BC and 11,700 BC. This period goes back to the first interglacial period in the second Ice Age, from which remnants of stone and flint tools have been found. The Punjab region was the site of one of the earliest cradle of civilizations, the bronze age Harrapan civilization that flourished from about 3000 B.C. and declined rapidly 1,000 years later, following the Indo-Aryan migrations that overran the region in waves between 1500 and 500 B.C. The migrating Indo-Aryan tribes gave rise to the Iron age Vedic civilization, which lasted till 500 BC. During this era, the Vedas were composed in Punjab, laying foundation of Hinduism. In 518 BC, the Achaemenid empire conquered Punjab. Following Alexander the Great's invasion, Punjab became part of the Mauryan Empire. After its decline, Indo-Greeks, Indo-Scythians and Indo-Parthians successively established kingdoms in Punjab. The rulers of these kingdoms were patron of Buddhism and Taxila became a great centre of learning and commerce. The great Buddhist Gandhara civilization in north of Punjab reached its height under Kushan Empire in 2nd and 3rd century AD. The devastating Hunnic invasions in 5th century caused decline of Buddhism in Punjab. Punjab became unified for the first time when Takka Kingdom was established in 6th century. In the 8th century it was replaced with Hindu Shahis. The Umayyad Caliphate conquered southern portions of the region, which became independent under Emirate of Multan in 855 AD. Islam became firmly established under Ghaznavids, after whom Delhi Sultanate followed. The Langah Sultanate ruled much of south Punjab in 15th century AD. The Mughal Empire, established in 1526 AD, has left an immense cultural and architectural legacy in Punjab. The city of Lahore became one of the largest in the world under Mughals. In 16th century, Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak in central Punjab which attracted many followers. After a long period of anarchy due to decline of Mughals in 18th century, the Sikh Empire in 1799 AD unified most of the Punjab region. The region was conquered by the British in 1849 AD after Second Anglo-Sikh War and Punjab province was created in 1857. In 1947, Punjab was partitioned which saw some of the most violent riots and massacres of the 20th century. Today most of Punjab including Lahore is part of Pakistan, with a smaller portion in India.Pakistan, with a smaller portion in India.
, Η Ιστορία του Παντζάμπ αφορά την ιστορία τ … Η Ιστορία του Παντζάμπ αφορά την ιστορία της ομώνυμης ιστορικής περιοχής στο βόρειο τμήμα της Ινδικής υποηπείρου, που είναι χωρισμένη μεταξύ των δύο σύγχρονων χωρών, της Ινδίας και του Πακιστάν. Ιστορικά ήταν γνωστή ως Σάπτα Σίνδου, ή Γη των Επτά Ποταμών. Μόνο οι δύο ποταμοί Ζάραδρος και Ύφασης ρέουν μέσω του Ινδικού Παντζάμπ. Ο τρίτος ποταμός Υδραώτης ρέει μόνο εν μέρει στο Παντζάμπ, κυρίως κατά μήκος της διεθνούς συνοριακής γραμμής των χωρών Ινδία - Πακιστάν, και στη συνέχεια εισέρχεται στο Πακιστάν. Οι άλλοι δύο ποταμοί Ακεσίνης και Υδάσπης ρέουν στο Πακιστανικό Παντζάμπ. Όλοι αυτοί οι πέντε ποταμοί είναι παραπόταμοι του Ινδού ποταμού. Και οι πέντε ποταμοί τελικά ενώνονται με τον Ινδό ποταμό άμεσα ή έμμεσα και ο Ινδός εκβάλει στην Αραβική Θάλασσα κοντά στην πόλη Καράτσι του Πακιστάν. Στην αρχαία περιοχή του Παντζάμπ αναπτύχθηκε ο πολιτισμός της κοιλάδας του Ινδού, που έγινε γνωστός για τις προηγμένες τεχνολογίες και τις υποδομές του λαού του. Ιστορικά επρόκειτο για μια περιοχή Ινδουιστών - Βουδιστών, δραστηριοποιημένη στους τομείς της πολυμάθειας, της τεχνολογίας και των τεχνών. Κατά καιρούς, τα διάφορα βασίλεια πολέμησαν μεταξύ τους. Και υπήρξαν περίοδοι προσωρινής ενότητας υπό την κυβέρνηση της Ινδικής Αυτοκρατορίας ή των κατακτητών. Μετά την Ισλαμική εισβολή, οι κατακτητές κυριάρχησαν στην περιοχή για μια μεγάλη περίοδο της ιστορίας της, και το Δυτικό Παντζάμπ έγινε κέντρο του Ισλαμικού πολιτισμού στην Ινδική υποήπειρο. Η Αυτοκρατορία των Σιχ κυριάρχησε στην περιοχή υπό την ηγεσία του μαχαραγιά Ραντζίτ Σινγκ, και τότε αναδύθηκε για λίγο καιρό ο παραδοσιακός πολιτισμός της, μέχρις ότου οι Βρετανοί την προσάρτησαν στις Βρετανικές Ινδίες. Μετά την αποχώρηση των Βρετανών, η περιοχή χωρίστηκε σε δύο τμήματα, ένα που πλειοψηφούσαν οι Σιχ και έγινε μέρος του Ινδικού κράτους, και ένα με Μουσουλμανική πλειοψηφία που κινήθηκε προς το Ισλαμικό Κράτος του Πακιστάν προς αποφυγήν συγκρούσεων.ος του Πακιστάν προς αποφυγήν συγκρούσεων.
, تُشير تسمية تاريخ البنجاب إلى تاريخ إقليم … تُشير تسمية تاريخ البنجاب إلى تاريخ إقليم البنجاب، وهي منطقة جيوسياسية، وثقافية، وتاريخية تقع في جنوب آسيا، وتضم مناطق في شرقي باكستان وشمال الهند. يُعتبر إقليم البنجاب التاريخي امتدادًا لحضارة وادي السند، التي اشتُهرت بتقنياتها ووسائل الرفاه المتطورة التي كانت متاحة لقاطني الإقليم. خلال الفترة الفيدية، عُرف إقليم البنجاب باسم سابتا سيندو، أو أرض الأنهار السبعة. وفي تلك الحقبة، كان الطابع الديني للإقليم هندوسيًا-بوذيًا، وعُرف بالنشاط المعرفي الدؤوب، والتقنية المتقدمة، والفنون. اتّسمت تلك الحقبة بنشوب حروب متقطعة بين عدة ممالك، وفترات سلام مؤقتة دامت في أوقات توحيد الممالك تحت سيطرة الإمبراطوريات الهندية المركزية أو تحت سلطة القوى الغازية. على إثر وصول الحكم الإسلامي في الهند، والذي تمكن من الحكم لحقبة زمنية طويلة في تاريخ المنطقة، أصبح معظم إقليم البنجاب الغربي مركزًا للثقافة الإسلامية في شبه القارة الهندية. شهدت فترة حكم السيخ بإمرة رانجيت سينغ وإمبراطورية السيخ شهدت إعادة ظهور بعض وجوه الثقافة التقليدية، حتى ألحق البريطانيون الإقليم بحُكم الراج البريطاني.البريطانيون الإقليم بحُكم الراج البريطاني.
, La història del Panjab abraça els esdeveni … La història del Panjab abraça els esdeveniments de la regió fins al seu repartiment el 1947 primer en dues províncies segons la religió i després entre l'Índia i el Pakistan, quan cada part inicia una història pròpia separada. Per la història a partir de 1947 vegeu: Panjab (Índia) i Panjab (Pakistan).vegeu: Panjab (Índia) i Panjab (Pakistan).
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, http://ta.dbpedia.org/resource/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81 +
, http://ur.dbpedia.org/resource/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8 +
, http://pnb.dbpedia.org/resource/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE +
, https://global.dbpedia.org/id/HEoo +
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| rdfs:comment |
The History of Punjab refers to the past h … The History of Punjab refers to the past human history of Punjab region which is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent, comprising eastern Pakistan and Punjab state in India. It is believed that the earliest evidence of human habitation in Punjab traces to the Soan valley between the Indus and the Jhelum rivers, where Soanian culture developed between 774,000 BC and 11,700 BC. This period goes back to the first interglacial period in the second Ice Age, from which remnants of stone and flint tools have been found. of stone and flint tools have been found.
, Η Ιστορία του Παντζάμπ αφορά την ιστορία τ … Η Ιστορία του Παντζάμπ αφορά την ιστορία της ομώνυμης ιστορικής περιοχής στο βόρειο τμήμα της Ινδικής υποηπείρου, που είναι χωρισμένη μεταξύ των δύο σύγχρονων χωρών, της Ινδίας και του Πακιστάν. Ιστορικά ήταν γνωστή ως Σάπτα Σίνδου, ή Γη των Επτά Ποταμών. Μόνο οι δύο ποταμοί Ζάραδρος και Ύφασης ρέουν μέσω του Ινδικού Παντζάμπ. Ο τρίτος ποταμός Υδραώτης ρέει μόνο εν μέρει στο Παντζάμπ, κυρίως κατά μήκος της διεθνούς συνοριακής γραμμής των χωρών Ινδία - Πακιστάν, και στη συνέχεια εισέρχεται στο Πακιστάν. Οι άλλοι δύο ποταμοί Ακεσίνης και Υδάσπης ρέουν στο Πακιστανικό Παντζάμπ. Όλοι αυτοί οι πέντε ποταμοί είναι παραπόταμοι του Ινδού ποταμού. Και οι πέντε ποταμοί τελικά ενώνονται με τον Ινδό ποταμό άμεσα ή έμμεσα και ο Ινδός εκβάλει στην Αραβική Θάλασσα κοντά στην πόλη Καράτσι του Πακιστάν. Στα κοντά στην πόλη Καράτσι του Πακιστάν. Στ
, تُشير تسمية تاريخ البنجاب إلى تاريخ إقليم … تُشير تسمية تاريخ البنجاب إلى تاريخ إقليم البنجاب، وهي منطقة جيوسياسية، وثقافية، وتاريخية تقع في جنوب آسيا، وتضم مناطق في شرقي باكستان وشمال الهند. يُعتبر إقليم البنجاب التاريخي امتدادًا لحضارة وادي السند، التي اشتُهرت بتقنياتها ووسائل الرفاه المتطورة التي كانت متاحة لقاطني الإقليم.ه المتطورة التي كانت متاحة لقاطني الإقليم.
, La història del Panjab abraça els esdeveni … La història del Panjab abraça els esdeveniments de la regió fins al seu repartiment el 1947 primer en dues províncies segons la religió i després entre l'Índia i el Pakistan, quan cada part inicia una història pròpia separada. Per la història a partir de 1947 vegeu: Panjab (Índia) i Panjab (Pakistan).vegeu: Panjab (Índia) i Panjab (Pakistan).
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| rdfs:label |
History of Punjab
, Història del Panjab
, تاريخ البنجاب
, Ιστορία του Παντζάμπ
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| rdfs:seeAlso |
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Punjab_%28Pakistan%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Punjabi_Muslims +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Decline_of_Buddhism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Subah_of_Lahore +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Indian_subcontinent +
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