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膽鹼酯酶抑制劑（Cholinesterase inhibitors）也稱為反膽鹼酯酶（anti-cholinesterase），是可以避免神經遞質乙酰胆碱分解，或是抑制作用的物質。膽鹼酯酶抑制劑可以增加中可以和蕈毒鹼型乙醯膽鹼受體、等鍵結的乙酰胆碱及。膽鹼酯酶抑制劑可以分為二種：（AChEI）及。 膽鹼酯酶抑制劑可以用在阿茲海默症及重症肌無力的藥物中。其副作用有食欲不振、恶心、呕吐、腹瀉、晚上多夢、脱水、疹、心跳过缓、胃及十二指肠潰瘍、癲癇發作、體重下降、鼻漏、流唾液、抽搐、顫抖等。
, Un anticolinesteràsic és qualsevol substàn … Un anticolinesteràsic és qualsevol substància, fàrmac o medicament que té capacitat per inhibir l'enzim acetilcolinesterasa mitjançant la disminució de la de l'acetilcolina en les sinapsis colinèrgiques tant a nivell del sistema nerviós central com a nivell del sistema nerviós perifèric. La conseqüència és un augment de la persistència d'acetilcolina a les sinapsis perllongant la seva acció. Els anticolinesteràsics es poden classificar en:
* reversibles; són composts la funció dels quals és la d'actuar com a inhibidors competitius i no competitius reversibles dels llocs d'unió de la colinesterasa i són els que tenen els majors avantatges terapèutics. Entre ells s'inclouen la fisostigmina i la , emprats en medicina per al tractament de la miastènia gravis, l' i la malaltia d'Alzheimer.
* irreversibles: són composts que funcionen com a inhibidors quasi-irreversibles de la colinesterasa i inclouen els organofosforats emprats sobretot en l'agricultura com a insecticides, i alguns en oftalmologia en el tractament del glaucoma. A causa de la seva funció fisiològica essencial, els anticolinesteràsics actuen com potents neurotoxines causant a baixes dosis excés de salivació i ulls plorosos, i a dosis més altes espasmes musculars i finalment la mort. S'han utilitzat com a armes biològiques sent-ne bons exemples el gas sarín i el . Molts verins de serp també contenen potents anticolinesteràsics. S'han emprat, també, com antídot en enverinaments de signe anticolinèrgic. en enverinaments de signe anticolinèrgic.
, Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), also kn … Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), also known as anti-cholinesterase, are chemicals that prevent the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine or butyrylcholine. This increases the amount of the acetylcholine or butyrylcholine in the synaptic cleft that can bind to muscarinic receptors, nicotinic receptors and others. This group of inhibitors is divided into two subgroups, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors (BChEIs). ChEIs may be used as drugs for Alzheimer's and myasthenia gravis, and also as chemical weapons and insecticides. Side effects when used as drugs may include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, loose stools, vivid dreams at night, dehydration, rash, bradycardia, peptic ulcer disease, seizures, weight loss, rhinorrhea, salivation, muscle cramps, and fasciculations. ChEIs are indirect-acting parasympathomimetic drugs. ChEls are widely used as chemical weapons. Since November 2019 the group of ACheIs known as Novichoks have been banned as agents of warfare under the Chemical Weapons Convention. Novichok agents are neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds and are considered more potent than VX gas, also a neurotoxic organophosphorus compound.so a neurotoxic organophosphorus compound.
, Les substances anticholinesterasiques sont … Les substances anticholinesterasiques sont des inhibiteurs d'une enzyme cholinestérase responsable de la dégradation de l'acétylcholine (neurotransmetteur du système para-sympathique qui est libéré aux jonctions neuromusculaires).L'intoxication par des substances anticholinestérasiques entraine une crise cholinergique dont les effets sont :
* des troubles digestifs : nausées, vomissements, parfois graves, hypersialorrhée, anorexie, diarrhées, douleurs abdominales ;
* des troubles neurologiques : céphalées, somnolence, insomnies, confusion mentale, voire convulsions, désorientation, myosis. Parfois se surajoute un syndrome extrapyramidal ; En cas d'intoxication prolongée, lésions cérébrales (avec pour conséquences coma et détérioration mentale).
* des troubles psychiatriques : dépression, hallucinations, agitation, agressivité ;
* hypersudation, incontinence urinaire ;
* des troubles cardiaques : bradycardies, malaises, syncopes ;
* des troubles respiratoires : encombrement bronchique. Les symptômes ne sont pas tous présents en même temps.s ne sont pas tous présents en même temps.
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膽鹼酯酶抑制劑（Cholinesterase inhibitors）也稱為反膽鹼酯酶（anti-cholinesterase），是可以避免神經遞質乙酰胆碱分解，或是抑制作用的物質。膽鹼酯酶抑制劑可以增加中可以和蕈毒鹼型乙醯膽鹼受體、等鍵結的乙酰胆碱及。膽鹼酯酶抑制劑可以分為二種：（AChEI）及。 膽鹼酯酶抑制劑可以用在阿茲海默症及重症肌無力的藥物中。其副作用有食欲不振、恶心、呕吐、腹瀉、晚上多夢、脱水、疹、心跳过缓、胃及十二指肠潰瘍、癲癇發作、體重下降、鼻漏、流唾液、抽搐、顫抖等。
, Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), also kn … Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), also known as anti-cholinesterase, are chemicals that prevent the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine or butyrylcholine. This increases the amount of the acetylcholine or butyrylcholine in the synaptic cleft that can bind to muscarinic receptors, nicotinic receptors and others. This group of inhibitors is divided into two subgroups, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors (BChEIs). ChEIs are indirect-acting parasympathomimetic drugs.indirect-acting parasympathomimetic drugs.
, Un anticolinesteràsic és qualsevol substàn … Un anticolinesteràsic és qualsevol substància, fàrmac o medicament que té capacitat per inhibir l'enzim acetilcolinesterasa mitjançant la disminució de la de l'acetilcolina en les sinapsis colinèrgiques tant a nivell del sistema nerviós central com a nivell del sistema nerviós perifèric. La conseqüència és un augment de la persistència d'acetilcolina a les sinapsis perllongant la seva acció. Els anticolinesteràsics es poden classificar en:ticolinesteràsics es poden classificar en:
, Les substances anticholinesterasiques sont … Les substances anticholinesterasiques sont des inhibiteurs d'une enzyme cholinestérase responsable de la dégradation de l'acétylcholine (neurotransmetteur du système para-sympathique qui est libéré aux jonctions neuromusculaires).L'intoxication par des substances anticholinestérasiques entraine une crise cholinergique dont les effets sont : Les symptômes ne sont pas tous présents en même temps.s ne sont pas tous présents en même temps.
|
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膽鹼酯酶抑制劑
, Anticolinesteràsic
, Cholinesterase inhibitor
, Anticholinestérase
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