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Le credenze religiose di Adolf Hitler sono … Le credenze religiose di Adolf Hitler sono state oggetto di un'accesa discussione tra gli storici. Alla luce di prove consistenti sul suo rifiuto dei principi del cristianesimo quand'era ancora nell'età dell'adolescenza e gli sforzi faticosi compiuti per ridurre l'influenza e l'indipendenza del a seguito della sua ascesa al potere, i maggiori biografi accademici di Hitler concludono che egli fosse un agguerrito avversario della religione cristiana. Lo storico britannico non ha trovato alcuna prova che "Hitler, nella sua vita personale, abbia mai espresso una qualche fede nei principi fondamentali della chiesa cristiana". Le osservazioni fatte da Hitler ai confidenti, come vengono descritte nei Diari di Joseph Goebbels (capo del Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda-Ministero del Reich per l'istruzione pubblica e la propaganda), nelle Memorie del Terzo Reich dell'architetto del Führer Albert Speer e nelle trascrizioni delle conversazioni private di Hitler registrate da Martin Bormann in sono un'ulteriore testimonianza della sua cristianofobia; queste fonti registrano una serie di osservazioni private in cui Hitler ridicolizza la dottrina cristiana come assurda e socialmente distruttiva. Hitler, che tentò sempre di fare appello alle masse tedesche durante la sua campagna politica (vedi temi propagandistici del nazionalsocialismo) e durante gli anni che passò al vertice della Germania nazista, talvolta fece dichiarazioni pubbliche a sostegno della religione e contro l'ateismo. Ebbe a dichiarare in un discorso che l'ateismo (un concetto da lui strettamente collegato al comunismo e al "materialismo ebraico") era stato "tagliato fuori" e nel contempo vietò la . Hitler nacque e fu cresciuto da una madre cattolica praticante, Klara Pölzl, venne battezzato da neonato e ricevette la confermazione all'età di quindici anni secondo i precetti e la dottrina della Chiesa cattolica, ma cessò di partecipare alla messa e ai sacramenti a partire dalla prima giovinezza.. La sua avversione profonda verso la Chiesa cattolica è ben esplicitata nei suoi "Discorsi a tavola" trascritti da Martin Bormann. Nel suo libro Mein Kampf e nei discorsi pubblici dichiarò una propria fede nel cristianesimo. Hitler e il Partito Nazionalsocialista Tedesco dei Lavoratori promossero il cosiddetto Cristianesimo positivo, un movimento che respinse le tradizionali dottrine cristiane come la divinità di Gesù, così come gli elementi ebraici dell'Antico testamento; lo storico britannico dell'Università della Columbia Britannica John S. Conway ha affermato che "solo pochi radicali sull'ala estrema del cristianesimo liberale protestante riconoscerebbero un tale guazzabuglio come il vero cristianesimo".Hitler affermò di continuare a credere in una divinità attiva e in un discorso pubblico dichiarò che teneva Gesù in grande stima nella sua qualità di "combattente ariano" che lottava contro l'ebraismo. Mentre un piccolo numero di scrittori accetta queste opinioni pubblicamente dichiarate come espressioni autentiche della sua spiritualità la grande maggioranza crede invece che Hitler fosse uno scettico nei confronti della religione in generale, ma riconosce anche che egli poteva essere eletto al governo solo se avesse fatto un impegno di fede pubblica nei confronti del cristianesimo. Hitler stesso fu sempre riluttante a compiere attacchi pubblici alla Chiesa per motivazioni eminentemente politiche; Goebbels scrisse nell'aprile del 1941 che anche se Hitler era "un avversario feroce" del Vaticano e del cristianesimo in generale, purtuttavia "mi impedisce di lasciare la chiesa per ragioni tattiche". Una volta eletto alla carica di Cancelliere del Reich Hitler e il suo regime cercarono di ridurre l'influenza del cristianesimo sulla società civile. A partire dalla metà degli anni '30 il suo governo fu sempre più dominato da anticristiani militanti come Bormann, Goebbels, Heinrich Himmler, Alfred Rosenberg e Reinhard Heydrich, che Hitler stesso nominò ai posti principali di comando. Questi radicali intrisi di anticlericalismo vennero solitamente accettati o addirittura incoraggiati a perpetrare la . Il regime avviò uno sforzo per attuare il coordinamento dei protestanti tedeschi sotto la denominazione di Chiesa evangelica tedesca (ma a questo stato di cose resistette con forza la Chiesa confessante) e si diresse presto nella direzione dell'eliminazione del . Hitler acconsentì al Reichskonkordat (avvenuto nel 1933) ma in seguito lo ignorò regolarmente fino a permettere le persecuzioni anticattoliche. Le minoranze religiose presenti all'epoca all'interno del territorio nazionale dovettero affrontare una repressione ancora più dura, con gli ebrei tedeschi prima espulsi e poi costretti a subire la Shoah, il tutto sulla base della politica razziale nella Germania nazista. I Testimoni di Geova furono perseguitati spietatamente per aver rifiutato sia il servizio militare obbligatorio tramite l'obiezione di coscienza sia il giuramento di fedeltà al movimento hitleriano. Hitler ebbe a dichiarare che aveva solo anticipato il palese crollo del cristianesimo a seguito dei progressi scientifici e che il nazismo e la religione non avrebbero potuto coesistere a lungo termine. Anche se egli era disposto a ritardare i conflitti per motivi politici gli storici sembrano concludere che il suo fine ultimo fosse la distruzione del cristianesimo sul suolo tedesco, o condurre almeno ad una sua distorsione o sottomissione alla prospettiva ideale nazista.omissione alla prospettiva ideale nazista.
, Религиозные взгляды Адольфа Гитлера являются дискуссиионным вопросом в среде историков.
, 아돌프 히틀러의 종교관(Adolf Hitler's religious beli … 아돌프 히틀러의 종교관(Adolf Hitler's religious beliefs)은 지금까지 논쟁 거리로 되어있다. 기독교를 해로운 미신으로 비판하는 진술들, 그가 권력을 잡은 후에 독일에서 기독교의 영향과 독립성을 감소하려는 완악한 노력들을 볼 때 일부 학술 전기작가들은 히틀러는 비 종교적이며 기독교에 적대자라는 것으로 결론을 내린다. 역사가 로렌스 리스 (Laurence Rees)는 "히틀러가 개인적인 삶에서 기독교 교회의 기본 교리에 대한 신앙을 표현했다"라는 어떠한 증거도 발견하지 못한다고 한다. 괴벨스 일기 (Goebbels Diaries), 알베르트 슈페어 (Albert Speer)의 회고록, 그리고 히틀러의 식탁 담화(Table Talk)에서 마르틴 보어만 (Martin Bormann)이 기록한 히틀러의 개인대화 사본들에 서술된대로 히틀러의 측근들에 대한 발언은 그가 비 종교적이고 반 기독교적인 신앙의 증거들이다. 이런 자료들은 히틀러가 기독교 교리를 과학적 진보와는 반대로 어리석은 것으로 비웃고 사회를 파괴적으로 보는 수많은 개인적 진술들을 기록하고 있다. 그러나, 히틀러는 정치운동과 리더쉽을 얻기위해서 독일 대중들에게 호소 할때는 종교를 지원하고 무신론을 반대한다고 선포를 하였다. 그는 무신론(공산주의와 유대인들의 물질주의)를 근절했고, 1933년에는 독일 자유사상가 동맹(German Freethinkers League)을 금지시켰다. 히틀러는 사실 가톨릭 신자인 어머니에게 태어나서 로마 가톨릭교회에서 세례를 받았다. 1904년 그의 어머니의 소원에 동의하여 오스트리아 린츠있는 로마 가톨릭교회에서 견진례를 받았다. 히틀러는 자신의 책 나의 투쟁(Mein Kampf )에서와 그가 통치 초기에 앞서서 행한 그의 연설에서 그는 기독교인이라고 신앙을 확신했다. 히틀러와 나치당들은 긍정적 기독교(Positive Christianity)를 발전시켰는데, 이 운동은 구약에서 유대적 요소들 뿐만 아니라 예수의 신성과 같은 거의 대부분의 전통적인 기독교 교리들을 거부하였다. 히틀러의 초기 공적 연설들은 기독교는 지지될수 있는 가치체제로 진지함을 보여준다. 그리고 그는 개인적으로 섭리로 표현되는 행동하는 하나님을 믿었다. 비록 역사학자인 Percy Ernst Schramm가 탁상담화의 기록과 사본을 분석한 것에 따르면 히틀러의 세계관에는 예수를 구세주로 볼 여백이 없으며 단지 예수의 인간적 위대함을 인정할 뿐이다. 사실상 히틀러는 예수를 권력과 바리새인들의 부패와 유대 물질주의에 대항하여 투쟁한 아리안의 전사로 높은 존경심을 표했다."와 유대 물질주의에 대항하여 투쟁한 아리안의 전사로 높은 존경심을 표했다."
, Existen versiones contradictorias acerca d … Existen versiones contradictorias acerca de las creencias religiosas de Adolf Hitler, su opinión sobre la religión y sus vínculos con la Iglesia. A menudo, este tema ha sido objeto de debate histórico entre biógrafos y controversia debido a las inconsistencias, incongruencias y discrepancias entre discursos públicos de Hitler y sus declaraciones privadas. Múltiples historiadores concuerdan en que Hitler ofrecía una imagen pública en la que no se mostraba como contrario a la religión; en realidad, incluso antes de la llegada de los nazis al poder, parecía tener un plan encubierto que buscaría acabar primero con el judaísmo, y posteriormente con el cristianismo en el Reich, reemplazando estas religiones con el nacionalsocialismo; esto por medio del control y la subversión total de las iglesias alemanas al término de la guerra.esias alemanas al término de la guerra.
, The religious beliefs of Adolf Hitler, dic … The religious beliefs of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, have been a matter of debate. His opinions regarding religious matters changed considerably over time. During the beginning of his political life, Hitler publicly expressed favorable opinions towards Christianity. Some historians describe his later posture as being "anti-Christian". He also criticized atheism. Hitler was born to a practicing Catholic mother, Klara Hitler, and was baptized in the Roman Catholic Church; his father was a free-thinker and skeptical of the Catholic Church. In 1904, he was confirmed at the Roman Catholic Cathedral in Linz, Austria, where the family lived. According to John Willard Toland, witnesses indicate that Hitler's confirmation sponsor had to "drag the words out of him ... almost as though the whole confirmation was repugnant to him". Hitler biographer John Toland offers the opinion that Hitler "carried within him its teaching that the Jew was the killer of God. The extermination, therefore, could be done without a twinge of conscience since he was merely acting as the avenging hand of God ..." Rissmann notes that, according to several witnesses who lived with Hitler in a men's home in Vienna, he never again attended Mass or received the sacraments after leaving home at 18 years old. Krieger claims that Hitler abandoned the Catholic Church while Hitler's last secretary asserted that he was not a member of any church. Otto Strasser stated critically of the dictator, "Hitler is an atheist." for his unsettling sympathy to "Rosenberg's paganism". Hitler privately assured General Gerhard Engel in 1941 that "I am now as before a Catholic and will always remain so." In a speech in the early years of his rule, Hitler declared himself "Not a Catholic, but a German Christian". The German Christians were a Protestant group that supported Nazi Ideology. Hitler and the Nazi party also promoted "nondenominational" positive Christianity, a movement which rejected most traditional Christian doctrines such as the divinity of Jesus, as well as Jewish elements such as the Old Testament. In one widely quoted remark, he described Jesus as an "Aryan fighter" who struggled against "the power and pretensions of the corrupt Pharisees" and Jewish materialism. Hitler demonstrated a preference for Protestantism and Lutheranism, stating, "Through me the Evangelical Protestant Church could become the established church, as in England" and that the "great reformer" Martin Luther "has the merit of rising against the Pope and the Catholic Church". Hitler's regime launched an effort toward coordination of German Protestants into a joint Protestant Reich Church (but this was resisted by the Confessing Church), and moved early to eliminate political Catholicism. Even though Nazi leadership was excommunicated from the Catholic Church, Hitler agreed to the Reich concordat with the Vatican, but then routinely ignored it, and permitted persecutions of the Catholic Church.Several historians have insisted that Hitler and his inner circle were influenced by other religions. In a eulogy for a friend, Hitler called on him to enter Valhalla but he later stated that it would be foolish to re-establish the worship of Odin (or Wotan) within Germanic paganism. Hitler adopted the swastika, a sacred symbol in Hinduism, and felt that Islam might be compatible with the German people. Some historians argue he was prepared to delay conflicts for political reasons and that his intentions were to eventually eliminate Christianity in Germany, or at least reform it to suit a Nazi outlook.at least reform it to suit a Nazi outlook.
, Les croyances religieuses d'Adolf Hitler o … Les croyances religieuses d'Adolf Hitler ont fait l'objet de débats, et le large consensus des historiens, dont ses principaux biographes, le considère comme déiste, antichrétien et anticlérical. Malgré une mère catholique pratiquante et un baptême et une confirmation catholiques, Hitler rejette les principes du christianisme. Il croit personnellement en un Dieu actif qu'il désigne principalement sous le nom de Providence. Hitler démontre dans de nombreuses remarques privées à ses confidents (décrites dans les carnets de Joseph Goebbels, les mémoires d'Albert Speer et les transcriptions de ses conversations privées par Martin Bormann dans Libres propos) des convictions irréligieuses : il ridiculise la doctrine chrétienne, qu’il décrit comme une superstition nuisible, absurde, contraire au progrès scientifique et socialement destructrice. Selon Percy Ernst Schramm, Hitler estime Jésus pour sa grandeur humaine, ses valeurs et en tant que figure allégorique du juste trahi, bien qu’il ne tienne aucune place dans ses idées. Il fait de Jésus le précurseur de la figure du « combattant aryen » qui lutte contre « le pouvoir et les prétentions des pharisiens corrompus » et le « matérialisme juif ». Il est admis par la grande majorité des historiens que malgré ses convictions personnelles sceptiques à l'égard de l'Église, Hitler « reconnaît librement les besoins religieux des masses » et comprend qu'il ne peut être élu et préserver son pouvoir que s'il s'ajuste aux croyances chrétiennes de l'immense majorité des Allemands. Il déclare à ses confidents qu'il hésite à lancer des attaques publiques contre la religion. Selon lui, le rejet ou l'acceptation de l'Église n'est pas une question de principe mais une démarche politique pragmatique. Dans ses journaux intimes, Goebbels écrit en avril 1941 que bien qu'Hitler soit « un farouche adversaire » du Vatican et du christianisme, il lui a déconseillé de quitter l’Église pour des raisons tactiques. Ainsi, au cours de sa campagne politique, Hitler fait parfois des déclarations en faveur de la religion, s’élevant ainsi contre l’athéisme, qu'il associe au communisme et au « matérialisme juif ». Il déclare notamment dans un discours[Lequel ?] que l'athéisme a été « éliminé ». Ses premiers discours politiques montrent « une appréciation sincère du christianisme comme système de valeurs à défendre ». Après son arrivée au pouvoir en Allemagne en janvier 1933, il entreprend des efforts acharnés pour réduire l'influence et l'indépendance du christianisme dans le pays. En 1933, il interdit tous les groupes athées et libre-penseurs, dont la Ligue allemande des libres-penseurs. Hitler nomme à des postes-clés des militants anti-chrétiens comme Goebbels, Bormann, Himmler, Rosenberg et Heydrich, qui dominent le gouvernement à partir du milieu des années 1930. Il les autorise ou les encourage à perpétrer les persécutions nazies envers les églises catholiques, malgré la signature le 20 juillet 1933 du concordat du Reich avec le Vatican. Le régime a néanmoins été moins radical envers la communauté protestante allemande, proposant à ses membres de se réunir sous une Église protestante unifiée du Reich (projet qui n’aboutira jamais). La plupart de la minorité juive d'Allemagne est envoyée dans les camps de concentration sur la base de l'idéologie raciale nazie. Les Témoins de Jéhovah sont durement persécutés pour avoir refusé le service militaire et l'allégeance au nazisme. Hitler déclare qu'il prévoit un effondrement du christianisme à la suite des progrès scientifiques, et que le nazisme et la religion ne peuvent pas coexister à long terme. Bien qu'il ait été disposé à retarder des conflits pour des raisons politiques, il a finalement voulu la destruction du christianisme en Allemagne, ou au moins sa déformation et son assujettissement à une perspective purement nazie. Hitler et le Parti nazi promeuvent le « christianisme positif », qui rejette la plupart des doctrines chrétiennes traditionnelles telles que la divinité de Jésus ou la présence d’éléments[pas clair] juifs dans l’Ancien Testament.[pas clair] juifs dans l’Ancien Testament.
, Kepercayaan agama Adolf Hitler telah menja … Kepercayaan agama Adolf Hitler telah menjadi bahan perdebatan. Sejumlah besar sejarawan menganggapnya , , anti-rohaniwan dan santistik. Dalam sorotan bukti seperti pedas dan penolakan vokalnya terhadap penekanan Kekristenan, sejumlah pernyataan pribadi menyatakan kecaman-kecaman terhadap Kekristenan sebagai takhayul berbahaya, dan upaya kuatnya untuk mengurangi pengaruh dan kemerdekaan Kristen di Jerman setelah ia naik kekuasaan, para biografer akademik utama Hitler menyatakan bahwa ia adalah irelijius dan memusuhi Kristen. Sejarawan tak menemukan bukti bahwa "dalam kehidupan pribadinya, Hitler bahkan mengekspresikan keyakinan pada penekanan-penekanan dasar gereja Kristen". Ernst Hanfstaengl, seorang teman pada masa-masa awalnya di dunia politik, berkata bahwa Hitler "merupakan seorang ateis pada setiap tujuan dan keperluan pada masa ia mengenalnya". Namun, para sejarawan seperti Richard Weikart dan Alan Bullock meragukan anggapan bahwa ia adalah ateis tulen, dengan menyatakan bahwa meskipun ia benci Kristen, ia masih memegang bentuk keyakinan spiritual.masih memegang bentuk keyakinan spiritual.
, معتقدات هتلر الدينية مازالت موضع نقاش بين … معتقدات هتلر الدينية مازالت موضع نقاش بين المؤرخين والباحثين، ومع ذلك فإن الإجماع الواسع للمؤرخين يعتبره غير متديّن ومعادٍ للمسيحية، وذلك في ضوء الأدلة كرفضه الصريح لمبادئ المسيحية، كذلك كان له العديد من التصريحات التي تندد بالمسيحية وقال بأنها خرافات ضارة، وكانت جهوده واضحة للحد من تأثير واستقلال المسيحية في ألمانيا بعد وصوله إلى السلطة، وقد استخلص الباحثين والأكاديميين لدراسة الأفكار الدينية لدى أدولف هتلر إلى أنه كان غير متدين ومعارض للمسيحية. لم يجد المؤرخ لورانس ريس أي دليل على أن هتلر، وفي حياته الشخصية، قد أعرب عن اعتقاده في المبادئ الأساسية للكنيسة المسيحية". كما أن تصريحات هتلر للمثقفين، كما هو موضح في مذكرات يوزف غوبلز، ومذكرات ألبرت شبير، ومحاضر محادثات هتلر الخاصة التي سجلها مارتن بورمان في جدول حوار هتلر، هي دليل آخر على معتقداته المعادية للمسيحية، تسجل هذه المصادر عدداً من التصريحات الخاصة عن المسيحية والتي وصفها هتلر بأنها سخيفة، مخالفة للتقدم العلمي، ومدمرة اجتماعياً. هتلر، وفي محاولة لكسب الجماهير الألمانية خلال حملته السياسية وقيادته، كان أحياناً يعلن تأييده للدين وذلك في سبيل مكافحة الإلحاد. وقال في خطاب أن الإلحاد (وهو مفهوم ربطه بالشيوعية و «المادية اليهودية») قد تم «ختمها»، وقد حظر رابطة المفكرين الألمان في عام 1933. ولد هتلر لأم متديّنة بالكاثوليكية، وقد تم تعميده في الكنيسة الكاثوليكية الرومانية. في كتابه كفاحي وفي الخطب العامة قبل وخلال السنوات الأولى من حكمه، أكد اعتقاد المسيحية. كان هتلر والحزب النازي يروّجون لفكرة «المسيحية الإيجابية»، وهي حركة رفضت معظم أفكار المذاهب المسيحية التقليدية الأساسيّة مثل لاهوت المسيح، فضلاً عن العناصر اليهودية مثل العهد القديم. وقد أظهرت خطابات هتلر خلال بداياته في السياسة «التقدير الصادق للمسيحية كقيمة نظامية يجب تأييدها»، وكان يعتقد شخصياً في «الرب النشط»، الذي عبّر عنه «بالعناية الإلهية»، في الواقع، وضع هتلر المسيح في مقام ارتفاع واحترام وعبّر بأنه «المقاتل الآري» الذي ناضل ضد «قوة الفريسيين الفاسدين» والمادية اليهودية. في حين أن عدداً صغيراً من الكتاب يقبل آراءه المعلنة على أنها تعبيرات حقيقية عن روحانيته، لكن الأغلبية العظمى تعتقد أن هتلر كان متشككاً في الكنائس عموماً على الرغم من أنه «اعترف بحرية الاحتياجات الدينية للجماهير» وقال هتلر نفسه للمقربين بأن تردده في شن هجمات علنيّة على الكنيسة ليست مسألة مبدأ، وإنما تحرك سياسي عملية. في يومياته الخاصة، كتب غوبلز في أبريل 1941 أنه على الرغم من أن هتلر كان «معارضاً شرساً» للفاتيكان والمسيحية، «لكنه امتنع من مغادرة الكنيسة لأسباب تكتيكية».ه امتنع من مغادرة الكنيسة لأسباب تكتيكية».
, Adolf Hitler foi criado por seu pai, que e … Adolf Hitler foi criado por seu pai, que era católico, e por sua mãe, que também era cristã devota. Hitler, contudo, deixou de participar dos sacramentos e posteriormente apoiou o Movimento Cristão Alemão, um movimento racista e antissemita, que pretendeu fazer a fusão do Nazismo e do Cristianismo. Em seu livro, Mein Kampf, ele afirmou seguir os princípios do cristianismo. Antes do começo da Segunda Guerra Mundial, Hitler promovia o chamado "cristianismo positivo", um movimento que expurgava do cristianismo todos os elementos do judaísmo e inseria ideais nazistas. De acordo com controversos manuscritos redigidos por Heinrich Heim, Henry Picker e Martin Bormann, secretário pessoal do Führer, intitulados Tischgespräche im Führerhauptquartier ("Conversas de Hitler à Mesa"), além do testemunho de amigos próximos de Hitler, ele tinha uma profusão de visões negativas do cristianismo. Mas a maioria das pessoas em seu convívio afirmavam que ele era teísta. Há muito debate sobre a relação de Hitler e religião como um todo; o consenso maior entre os historiadores é que, na maioria dos casos, ele apresentava uma visão irreligiosa, anticristã, anticlériga e cientística. Ainda assim, em público, Hitler frequentemente, durante suas campanhas e discursos políticos, expressava apoio à religião e afirmava se opôr ao ateísmo, chegando a banir, em 1933, um grupo anticristão materialista. Historiadores e acadêmicos acreditam que Hitler, com o passar do tempo, pretendia suplantar a influência do cristianismo na sociedade alemã e então substituí-la por um novo credo associado a ideologia nazista. novo credo associado a ideologia nazista.
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Kepercayaan agama Adolf Hitler telah menja … Kepercayaan agama Adolf Hitler telah menjadi bahan perdebatan. Sejumlah besar sejarawan menganggapnya , , anti-rohaniwan dan santistik. Dalam sorotan bukti seperti pedas dan penolakan vokalnya terhadap penekanan Kekristenan, sejumlah pernyataan pribadi menyatakan kecaman-kecaman terhadap Kekristenan sebagai takhayul berbahaya, dan upaya kuatnya untuk mengurangi pengaruh dan kemerdekaan Kristen di Jerman setelah ia naik kekuasaan, para biografer akademik utama Hitler menyatakan bahwa ia adalah irelijius dan memusuhi Kristen. Sejarawan tak menemukan bukti bahwa "dalam kehidupan pribadinya, Hitler bahkan mengekspresikan keyakinan pada penekanan-penekanan dasar gereja Kristen". Ernst Hanfstaengl, seorang teman pada masa-masa awalnya di dunia politik, berkata bahwa Hitler "merupakan seorang a berkata bahwa Hitler "merupakan seorang a
, معتقدات هتلر الدينية مازالت موضع نقاش بين … معتقدات هتلر الدينية مازالت موضع نقاش بين المؤرخين والباحثين، ومع ذلك فإن الإجماع الواسع للمؤرخين يعتبره غير متديّن ومعادٍ للمسيحية، وذلك في ضوء الأدلة كرفضه الصريح لمبادئ المسيحية، كذلك كان له العديد من التصريحات التي تندد بالمسيحية وقال بأنها خرافات ضارة، وكانت جهوده واضحة للحد من تأثير واستقلال المسيحية في ألمانيا بعد وصوله إلى السلطة، وقد استخلص الباحثين والأكاديميين لدراسة الأفكار الدينية لدى أدولف هتلر إلى أنه كان غير متدين ومعارض للمسيحية. لم يجد المؤرخ لورانس ريس أي دليل على أن هتلر، وفي حياته الشخصية، قد أعرب عن اعتقاده في المبادئ الأساسية للكنيسة المسيحية". كما أن تصريحات هتلر للمثقفين، كما هو موضح في مذكرات يوزف غوبلز، ومذكرات ألبرت شبير، ومحاضر محادثات هتلر الخاصة التي سجلها مارتن بورمان في جدول حوار هتلر، هي دليل آخر على معتقداته المعادية للمسيحية، تسجل هذه المصادر عدداً من الدية للمسيحية، تسجل هذه المصادر عدداً من ال
, Existen versiones contradictorias acerca d … Existen versiones contradictorias acerca de las creencias religiosas de Adolf Hitler, su opinión sobre la religión y sus vínculos con la Iglesia. A menudo, este tema ha sido objeto de debate histórico entre biógrafos y controversia debido a las inconsistencias, incongruencias y discrepancias entre discursos públicos de Hitler y sus declaraciones privadas.os de Hitler y sus declaraciones privadas.
, The religious beliefs of Adolf Hitler, dic … The religious beliefs of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, have been a matter of debate. His opinions regarding religious matters changed considerably over time. During the beginning of his political life, Hitler publicly expressed favorable opinions towards Christianity. Some historians describe his later posture as being "anti-Christian". He also criticized atheism.ti-Christian". He also criticized atheism.
, Adolf Hitler foi criado por seu pai, que e … Adolf Hitler foi criado por seu pai, que era católico, e por sua mãe, que também era cristã devota. Hitler, contudo, deixou de participar dos sacramentos e posteriormente apoiou o Movimento Cristão Alemão, um movimento racista e antissemita, que pretendeu fazer a fusão do Nazismo e do Cristianismo. Em seu livro, Mein Kampf, ele afirmou seguir os princípios do cristianismo. Antes do começo da Segunda Guerra Mundial, Hitler promovia o chamado "cristianismo positivo", um movimento que expurgava do cristianismo todos os elementos do judaísmo e inseria ideais nazistas. De acordo com controversos manuscritos redigidos por Heinrich Heim, Henry Picker e Martin Bormann, secretário pessoal do Führer, intitulados Tischgespräche im Führerhauptquartier ("Conversas de Hitler à Mesa"), além do testemunhosas de Hitler à Mesa"), além do testemunho
, Религиозные взгляды Адольфа Гитлера являются дискуссиионным вопросом в среде историков.
, Les croyances religieuses d'Adolf Hitler o … Les croyances religieuses d'Adolf Hitler ont fait l'objet de débats, et le large consensus des historiens, dont ses principaux biographes, le considère comme déiste, antichrétien et anticlérical. Malgré une mère catholique pratiquante et un baptême et une confirmation catholiques, Hitler rejette les principes du christianisme. Il croit personnellement en un Dieu actif qu'il désigne principalement sous le nom de Providence. principalement sous le nom de Providence.
, 아돌프 히틀러의 종교관(Adolf Hitler's religious beli … 아돌프 히틀러의 종교관(Adolf Hitler's religious beliefs)은 지금까지 논쟁 거리로 되어있다. 기독교를 해로운 미신으로 비판하는 진술들, 그가 권력을 잡은 후에 독일에서 기독교의 영향과 독립성을 감소하려는 완악한 노력들을 볼 때 일부 학술 전기작가들은 히틀러는 비 종교적이며 기독교에 적대자라는 것으로 결론을 내린다. 역사가 로렌스 리스 (Laurence Rees)는 "히틀러가 개인적인 삶에서 기독교 교회의 기본 교리에 대한 신앙을 표현했다"라는 어떠한 증거도 발견하지 못한다고 한다. 괴벨스 일기 (Goebbels Diaries), 알베르트 슈페어 (Albert Speer)의 회고록, 그리고 히틀러의 식탁 담화(Table Talk)에서 마르틴 보어만 (Martin Bormann)이 기록한 히틀러의 개인대화 사본들에 서술된대로 히틀러의 측근들에 대한 발언은 그가 비 종교적이고 반 기독교적인 신앙의 증거들이다. 이런 자료들은 히틀러가 기독교 교리를 과학적 진보와는 반대로 어리석은 것으로 비웃고 사회를 파괴적으로 보는 수많은 개인적 진술들을 기록하고 있다. 그러나, 히틀러는 정치운동과 리더쉽을 얻기위해서 독일 대중들에게 호소 할때는 종교를 지원하고 무신론을 반대한다고 선포를 하였다. 그는 무신론(공산주의와 유대인들의 물질주의)를 근절했고, 1933년에는 독일 자유사상가 동맹(German Freethinkers League)을 금지시켰다. 히틀러는 사실 가톨릭 신자인 어머니에게 태어나서 로마 가톨릭교회에서 세례를 받았다. 1904년 그의 어머니의 소원에 동의하여 오스트리아 린츠있는 로마 가톨릭교 1904년 그의 어머니의 소원에 동의하여 오스트리아 린츠있는 로마 가톨릭교
, Le credenze religiose di Adolf Hitler sono … Le credenze religiose di Adolf Hitler sono state oggetto di un'accesa discussione tra gli storici. Alla luce di prove consistenti sul suo rifiuto dei principi del cristianesimo quand'era ancora nell'età dell'adolescenza e gli sforzi faticosi compiuti per ridurre l'influenza e l'indipendenza del a seguito della sua ascesa al potere, i maggiori biografi accademici di Hitler concludono che egli fosse un agguerrito avversario della religione cristiana. Lo storico britannico non ha trovato alcuna prova che "Hitler, nella sua vita personale, abbia mai espresso una qualche fede nei principi fondamentali della chiesa cristiana".cipi fondamentali della chiesa cristiana".
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, Pandangan agama Adolf Hitler
, Религиозные взгляды Адольфа Гитлера
, Visão religiosa de Adolf Hitler
, معتقدات هتلر الدينية
, Croyances religieuses d'Adolf Hitler
, Opiniones religiosas de Adolf Hitler
, 아돌프 히틀러의 종교관
, Pensiero religioso di Adolf Hitler
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