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The Public Utility Holding Company Act of … The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA), also known as the Wheeler-Rayburn Act, was a US federal law giving the Securities and Exchange Commission authority to regulate, license, and break up electric utility holding companies. It limited holding company operations to a single state, thus subjecting them to effective state regulation. It also broke up any holding companies with more than two tiers, forcing divestitures so that each became a single integrated system serving a limited geographic area. Another purpose of the PUHCA was to keep utility holding companies engaged in regulated businesses from also engaging in unregulated businesses. The act was based on the conclusions and recommendations of the 1928-35 Federal Trade Commission investigation of the electric industry. On March 12, 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt released a report he commissioned by the National Power Policy Committee. This report became the template for the PUHCA. The political battle over its passage was one of the bitterest of the New Deal, and was followed by eleven years of legal appeals by holding companies led by the Electric Bond and Share Company, which finally completed its breakup in 1961. On August 26, 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the bill into law. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 repealed the PUHCA.rgy Policy Act of 2005 repealed the PUHCA.
, قانون شركة المرافق العامة القابضة لعام 193 … قانون شركة المرافق العامة القابضة لعام 1935 المعروف أيضًا باسم قانون ويلر-رايبرن، كان قانونًا أقره كونغرس الولايات المتحدة لتسهيل تنظيم المرافق الكهربائية، إما عن طريق قصر عملياتها على الوضعية الفردية، وبالتالي إخضاعهم لتنظيم دولة فعال، أو إجبار التجريد بحيث أصبح كل نظام متكامل يخدم منطقة جغرافية محدودة. كل نظام متكامل يخدم منطقة جغرافية محدودة.
, Le Public Utility Holding Company Act ou P … Le Public Utility Holding Company Act ou PUHCA, littéralement la Loi sur les sociétés holdings chargées d'un service public, est une loi votée en 1935 par le Congrès des États-Unis pour renforcer la régulation des groupes opérant dans les services publics et notablement les groupes électriques. Pour ces sociétés, elle contenait deux mesures restrictives :
* l'activité était limité à un seul État des États-Unis, prévoyant si nécessaire des mesures de cession d'actif. Il s'agissait alors de soumettre les sociétés concernées à la régulation sectorielle, notamment tarifaire, qui s'exerce au niveau des États.
* le recentrage des activités sur le domaine régulé, prévoyant une approbation préalable de la Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) avant tout engagement dans des activités non régulées et, le cas échéant, une séparation stricte entre activités régulées et non régulées PUHCA s'inscrit dans le vaste mouvement de durcissement de la réglementation après le krach de 1929 et la grande dépression qui s'ensuivit, où certaines holding de services publics, comme avaient fait faillite.Ce mouvement visait globalement à discipliner l'action des trusts et à sécuriser le marché des actions. Les sociétés du secteur et leurs actionnaires ont régulièrement conduit des actions de lobbying auprès du Congrès afin d'obtenir l'abolition de la loi, argumentant essentiellement qu'elle était obsolète, et ne correspondait plus aux besoins de développement des sociétés. Le 8 août 2005, l'Energy Policy Act voté par les deux chambres du Congrès puis promulgué, abolit les restrictions issues de PUHCA, en dépit des objections des organisations de consommateurs, de protection de l'environnement, des syndicats et des agences de notation.L'abolition devint effective le 8 février 2006.lition devint effective le 8 février 2006.
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قانون شركة المرافق العامة القابضة لعام 193 … قانون شركة المرافق العامة القابضة لعام 1935 المعروف أيضًا باسم قانون ويلر-رايبرن، كان قانونًا أقره كونغرس الولايات المتحدة لتسهيل تنظيم المرافق الكهربائية، إما عن طريق قصر عملياتها على الوضعية الفردية، وبالتالي إخضاعهم لتنظيم دولة فعال، أو إجبار التجريد بحيث أصبح كل نظام متكامل يخدم منطقة جغرافية محدودة. كل نظام متكامل يخدم منطقة جغرافية محدودة.
, The Public Utility Holding Company Act of … The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA), also known as the Wheeler-Rayburn Act, was a US federal law giving the Securities and Exchange Commission authority to regulate, license, and break up electric utility holding companies. It limited holding company operations to a single state, thus subjecting them to effective state regulation. It also broke up any holding companies with more than two tiers, forcing divestitures so that each became a single integrated system serving a limited geographic area. Another purpose of the PUHCA was to keep utility holding companies engaged in regulated businesses from also engaging in unregulated businesses. The act was based on the conclusions and recommendations of the 1928-35 Federal Trade Commission investigation of the electric industryion investigation of the electric industry
, Le Public Utility Holding Company Act ou P … Le Public Utility Holding Company Act ou PUHCA, littéralement la Loi sur les sociétés holdings chargées d'un service public, est une loi votée en 1935 par le Congrès des États-Unis pour renforcer la régulation des groupes opérant dans les services publics et notablement les groupes électriques. Pour ces sociétés, elle contenait deux mesures restrictives :elle contenait deux mesures restrictives :
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قانون شركة المرافق العامة القابضة لعام 1935
, Public Utility Holding Company Act
, Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935
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