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ポール・スモレンスキー（Paul Smolensky、1955年5月5日 - ）はア … ポール・スモレンスキー（Paul Smolensky、1955年5月5日 - ）はアメリカ合衆国の言語学者・認知科学者。1981年に、数理物理学で博士号を取得（インディアナ大学）。現在ジョンズ・ホプキンス大学教授。 調和(harmony)の概念に基づく言語理論を研究し、1993年にアラン・プリンスとともに最適性理論を発表。最適性理論は、音韻論を中心として、理論言語学に大きな影響を与える。認知科学としての言語学や、計算理論などで重要な研究を続けている。ニューラルネットワークと言語理論の親和性に関する講演なども行っている。最大エントロピー法を人間認知のモデリングの枠組みとして導入した研究でも知られている。最大エントロピー法を人間認知のモデリングの枠組みとして導入した研究でも知られている。
, Paul Smolensky (né le 5 mai 1955) est professeur de sciences cognitives à l'université Johns-Hopkins. Il est à l'origine, avec , d'un modèle linguistique appelé théorie de l'optimalité.
, Paul Smolensky (5 de maio de 1955) é um li … Paul Smolensky (5 de maio de 1955) é um linguista estadunidense. Ele é, ao lado de Alan Prince, o desenvolvedor da teoria da otimidade, um dos principais desdobramentos da teoria gerativo-transformacional aplicados inicialmente à análise fonológica e ampliada à sintaxe e à semântica. Smolensky é também membro da Universidade Johns Hopkins e recebeu em 2005 o Prêmio Rumelhart pela relevância nos trabalhos articulando linguagem e cognição.rabalhos articulando linguagem e cognição.
, Paul Smolensky (born May 5, 1955) is Krieg … Paul Smolensky (born May 5, 1955) is Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Cognitive Science at the Johns Hopkins University and a Senior Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research, Redmond Washington. Along with Alan Prince, in 1993 he developed Optimality Theory, a grammar formalism providing a formal theory of cross-linguistic typology (or Universal Grammar) within linguistics. Optimality Theory is popularly used for phonology, the subfield to which it was originally applied, but has been extended to other areas of linguistics such as syntax and semantics. Smolensky is the recipient of the 2005 Rumelhart Prize for his development of the ICS Architecture, a model of cognition that aims to unify connectionism and symbolism, where the symbolic representations and operations are manifested as abstractions on the underlying connectionist or artificial neural networks. This architecture rests on Tensor Product Representations, compositional embeddings of symbolic structures in vector spaces. It encompasses the Harmonic Grammar framework, a connectionist-based numerical grammar formalism he developed with Géraldine Legendre and Yoshiro Miyata, which was the predecessor of Optimality Theory. The ICS Architecture builds on Harmony Theory, a formalism for artificial neural networks that introduced the restricted Boltzmann machine architecture. This work, up through the early 2000s, is presented in the two-volume book written with Géraldine Legendre, The Harmonic Mind.Subsequent work introduced Gradient Symbolic Computation, in which blends of partially-activated symbols occupy blends of positions in discrete structures such as trees or graphs. This has been successfully applied to numerous problems in theoretical linguistics where traditional discrete linguistic structures have proved inadequate, as well as incremental sentence processing in psycholinguistics.In work with colleagues at Microsoft Research and Johns Hopkins, Gradient Symbolic Computation has been embedded in neural networks using deep learning to address a range of problems in reasoning and natural language processing. Among his other important contributions is the notion of local conjunction of linguistic constraints, in which two constraints combine into a single stronger constraint that is violated only when both of its conjuncts are violated within the same specified local domain. Local conjunction has been applied to the analysis of various "super-additive" effects in Optimality Theory. With Bruce Tesar (Rutgers University), Smolensky has also contributed significantly to the study of the learnability of Optimality Theoretic grammars (in the sense of computational learning theory). Smolensky was a founding member of the Parallel Distributed Processing research group at the University of California, San Diego, and is currently a member of the Center for Language and Speech Processing at Johns Hopkins University and of the Deep Learning Group at Microsoft Research, Redmond Washington.at Microsoft Research, Redmond Washington.
, Paul Smolensky (* 5. Mai 1955) ist ein ame … Paul Smolensky (* 5. Mai 1955) ist ein amerikanischer Linguist und Professor für Kognitionswissenschaft an der Johns Hopkins University - 1994 bis 2006 als Full Professor, seit 2006 Inhaber einer Krieger-Eisenhower-Professur Smolensky schloss 1976 den A.B. (B.A.) in Physik mit summa cum laude an der Harvard University ab, woran sich der M.S. in Physik an der Indiana University 1977 und der Ph.D. in Mathematischer Physik 1981 ebenda anschloss. Smolensky hat gemeinsam mit Alan Prince die Optimalitätstheorie entwickelt, eine kontroverse aber einflussreiche linguistische Theorie. 2005 wurde ihm für seine Arbeiten in der Kognitionsforschung der David-E.-Rumelhart-Preis verliehen. Während der Herbstsemester ist er von Johns Hopkins beurlaubt und arbeitet bei Microsoft Research in Redmond, Washington.Microsoft Research in Redmond, Washington.
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Paul Smolensky (born May 5, 1955) is Krieg … Paul Smolensky (born May 5, 1955) is Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Cognitive Science at the Johns Hopkins University and a Senior Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research, Redmond Washington. Along with Alan Prince, in 1993 he developed Optimality Theory, a grammar formalism providing a formal theory of cross-linguistic typology (or Universal Grammar) within linguistics. Optimality Theory is popularly used for phonology, the subfield to which it was originally applied, but has been extended to other areas of linguistics such as syntax and semantics. linguistics such as syntax and semantics.
, Paul Smolensky (* 5. Mai 1955) ist ein ame … Paul Smolensky (* 5. Mai 1955) ist ein amerikanischer Linguist und Professor für Kognitionswissenschaft an der Johns Hopkins University - 1994 bis 2006 als Full Professor, seit 2006 Inhaber einer Krieger-Eisenhower-Professur Smolensky schloss 1976 den A.B. (B.A.) in Physik mit summa cum laude an der Harvard University ab, woran sich der M.S. in Physik an der Indiana University 1977 und der Ph.D. in Mathematischer Physik 1981 ebenda anschloss. Während der Herbstsemester ist er von Johns Hopkins beurlaubt und arbeitet bei Microsoft Research in Redmond, Washington.Microsoft Research in Redmond, Washington.
, Paul Smolensky (né le 5 mai 1955) est professeur de sciences cognitives à l'université Johns-Hopkins. Il est à l'origine, avec , d'un modèle linguistique appelé théorie de l'optimalité.
, Paul Smolensky (5 de maio de 1955) é um li … Paul Smolensky (5 de maio de 1955) é um linguista estadunidense. Ele é, ao lado de Alan Prince, o desenvolvedor da teoria da otimidade, um dos principais desdobramentos da teoria gerativo-transformacional aplicados inicialmente à análise fonológica e ampliada à sintaxe e à semântica. Smolensky é também membro da Universidade Johns Hopkins e recebeu em 2005 o Prêmio Rumelhart pela relevância nos trabalhos articulando linguagem e cognição.rabalhos articulando linguagem e cognição.
, ポール・スモレンスキー（Paul Smolensky、1955年5月5日 - ）はア … ポール・スモレンスキー（Paul Smolensky、1955年5月5日 - ）はアメリカ合衆国の言語学者・認知科学者。1981年に、数理物理学で博士号を取得（インディアナ大学）。現在ジョンズ・ホプキンス大学教授。 調和(harmony)の概念に基づく言語理論を研究し、1993年にアラン・プリンスとともに最適性理論を発表。最適性理論は、音韻論を中心として、理論言語学に大きな影響を与える。認知科学としての言語学や、計算理論などで重要な研究を続けている。ニューラルネットワークと言語理論の親和性に関する講演なども行っている。最大エントロピー法を人間認知のモデリングの枠組みとして導入した研究でも知られている。最大エントロピー法を人間認知のモデリングの枠組みとして導入した研究でも知られている。
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Paul Smolensky
, ポール・スモレンスキー
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