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Patentmiddelen waren in de 19e en de eerst … Patentmiddelen waren in de 19e en de eerste helft van de 20e eeuw commerciële geneesmiddelen op basis van zorgvuldig geheimgehouden recepten, die met veel reclame werden aangeprezen. Ze beloofden spectaculaire resultaten op velerlei gebied. Sommige van deze middelen waren door de ingrediënten echter ronduit gevaarlijk. In Engeland maakte de zich sterk tegen de reclames van patentmiddelen in kerkelijke bladen en postzegelboekjes van de regering. Wetgeving zorgde er uiteindelijk voor dat de verkoop van deze middelen werd beperkt. In de Verenigde Staten betekende de aanpassing in de Pure Food and Drug Act van 1936 het einde van de patentmiddelen. In Nederland werd in 1958 de Wet op de geneesmiddelenvoorziening ingevoerd waardoor patentmiddelen hier niet langer op de markt konden worden gebracht.langer op de markt konden worden gebracht.
, Το γιατροσόφι είναι το πρακτικό φάρμακο πο … Το γιατροσόφι είναι το πρακτικό φάρμακο που χρησιμοποιούσε ο κόσμος παλιότερα - αλλά ακόμη και στη σημερινή εποχή - προκειμένου να αντιμετωπίσει μικρά ή και μεγαλύτερα προβλήματα υγείας. Υπάρχουν πολλών ειδών γιατροσόφια, και είναι σχεδόν σίγουρο ότι ο κάθε άνθρωπος τα έχει χρησιμοποιήσει σε κάποια στιγμή της ζωής του, συνήθως με την προτροπή κάποιου μεγαλύτερου σε ηλικία μέλους της οικογένειας. Τα περισσότερα γιατροσόφια βασίζονται στη χρήση των φαρμακευτικών φυτών, ενώ σε πολλά μέρη της Ελλάδας αποτελούν αξιόλογο μέρος της λαογραφικής παράδοσης του τόπου. Αν και η χρήση τους έχει αμφισβητηθεί από τους οπαδούς της , τα περισσότερα γιατροσόφια δεν παύουν να έχουν στέρεη επιστημονική τεκμηρίωση και να αποτελούν τον «πρόδρομο» των δημοφιλών φυτικών καλλυντικών και φαρμακευτικών σκευασμάτων που κυκλοφορούν στο εμπόριο και στα φαρμακεία στις μέρες μας. Παρά το γεγονός ότι τα γιατροσόφια συνήθως βασίζονται σε σχετικά «αγνές» και «ακίνδυνες» πρώτες ύλες, οι γιατροί συνιστούν προσοχή στη χρήση τους, ειδικά αν το άτομο που πρόκειται να τα χρησιμοποιήσει έχει ιστορικό .ειται να τα χρησιμοποιήσει έχει ιστορικό .
, A patent medicine, sometimes called a prop … A patent medicine, sometimes called a proprietary medicine, is an over-the-counter (nonprescription) medicine or medicinal preparation that is typically protected and advertised by a trademark and trade name (and sometimes a patent) and claimed to be effective against minor disorders and symptoms. Its contents are typically incompletely disclosed. Antiseptics, analgesics, some sedatives, laxatives, and antacids, cold and cough medicines, and various skin preparations are included in the group. The safety and effectiveness of patent medicines and their sale is controlled and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and corresponding authorities in other countries. The term is sometimes still used to describe quack remedies of unproven effectiveness and questionable safety sold especially by peddlers in past centuries, who often also called them elixirs, tonics, or liniments. Current examples of quack remedies are sometimes called nostrums or panaceas, but easier to understand terms like scam, cure-all, or pseudoscience are more common. Patent medicines were one of the first major product categories that the advertising industry promoted; patent medicine promoters pioneered many advertising and sales techniques that were later used for other products. Patent medicine advertising often marketed products as being medical panaceas (or at least a treatment for many diseases) and emphasized exotic ingredients and endorsements from purported experts or celebrities, which may or may not have been true. Patent medicine sales were increasingly constricted in the United States in the early 20th century as the Food and Drug Administration and Federal Trade Commission added ever-increasing regulations to prevent fraud, unintentional poisoning and deceptive advertising. Sellers of liniments, claimed to contain snake oil and falsely promoted as a cure-all, made the snake oil salesman a lasting symbol for a charlatan.salesman a lasting symbol for a charlatan.
, Patentmedicin, är äldre typer av läkemedel … Patentmedicin, är äldre typer av läkemedelsberedningar som framställdes och såldes utanför apoteken. Blandningarnas recept var ofta hemliga. Lösningarna kunde exempelvis bestå av socker- eller sirapslösningar, smaksatta med örter och kryddor. Den verksamma ingrediensen kunde exempelvis vara alkohol, cannabis, morfin eller kokain. De såldes via apotek eller postorder. Vid sidan av läkemedelsindustrin växte det under 1800-talet fram en hel flora av sådana patentmediciner. De hade fantasifulla namn, och flaskorna med de läkande extrakten bar eleganta etiketter. De utlovade bot mot alla upptänkliga sjukdomar och svaghetstillstånd. Patentmedicinerna hade sin storhetstid i slutet av 1800-talet, men ända fram till 1930-talet kunde man på svenska apotek köpa till exempel , ett preparat som såldes som till frukost. ett preparat som såldes som till frukost.
, Cógas ar bronnadh paitinn air nó a gcuirea … Cógas ar bronnadh paitinn air nó a gcuireann an déantóir a ainm air ag rá go bhfuil ceart toirmeascach díolta aige. Thosaigh cógais phaiteanta le Reacht na Monaplachtaí i Sasana i 1624, a thug monaplacht chosanta díolta ar feadh 14 bliain ar chógas brandáilte. Bhí cead ag déantóirí na gcógas seo comhábhair rúnda a chur iontu go dtí 1941 nuair a chuir an tAcht Cógaisíochta is Cógas iachall orthu na comhábhair a nochtadh ar chúiseanna sábháilteachta. D'fhás díol na gcógas paiteanta go mór san 18ú céad, agus bhí siad an-choitianta i Meiriceá. I 1796 fuair Samuel Óg Lee an chéad phaitinn ar chógas sna Stáit Aontaithe, piollaí domlais, agus faoi 1804 bhí níos mó ná 80 cógas paiteanta á ndíol trí fhógraíocht, paimfléidí is taistealaithe tráchtála. Sa 19ú céad tháinig cógais phaiteanta a rinneadh sna Stáit Aontaithe féin i gceannas ar an margadh ansin. Inniu ciallaíonn an téarma drugaí dílsithe a bhíonn ar fáil gan oideas dochtúra, ach faoi rialúcháin Bhord Leigheasra na hÉireann (an Riarachán Bia is Drugaí sna Stáit Aontaithe).rachán Bia is Drugaí sna Stáit Aontaithe).
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A patent medicine, sometimes called a prop … A patent medicine, sometimes called a proprietary medicine, is an over-the-counter (nonprescription) medicine or medicinal preparation that is typically protected and advertised by a trademark and trade name (and sometimes a patent) and claimed to be effective against minor disorders and symptoms. Its contents are typically incompletely disclosed. Antiseptics, analgesics, some sedatives, laxatives, and antacids, cold and cough medicines, and various skin preparations are included in the group. The safety and effectiveness of patent medicines and their sale is controlled and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and corresponding authorities in other countries.responding authorities in other countries.
, Cógas ar bronnadh paitinn air nó a gcuirea … Cógas ar bronnadh paitinn air nó a gcuireann an déantóir a ainm air ag rá go bhfuil ceart toirmeascach díolta aige. Thosaigh cógais phaiteanta le Reacht na Monaplachtaí i Sasana i 1624, a thug monaplacht chosanta díolta ar feadh 14 bliain ar chógas brandáilte. Bhí cead ag déantóirí na gcógas seo comhábhair rúnda a chur iontu go dtí 1941 nuair a chuir an tAcht Cógaisíochta is Cógas iachall orthu na comhábhair a nochtadh ar chúiseanna sábháilteachta. D'fhás díol na gcógas paiteanta go mór san 18ú céad, agus bhí siad an-choitianta i Meiriceá. I 1796 fuair Samuel Óg Lee an chéad phaitinn ar chógas sna Stáit Aontaithe, piollaí domlais, agus faoi 1804 bhí níos mó ná 80 cógas paiteanta á ndíol trí fhógraíocht, paimfléidí is taistealaithe tráchtála. Sa 19ú céad tháinig cógais phaiteanta a rinneadh céad tháinig cógais phaiteanta a rinneadh
, Patentmedicin, är äldre typer av läkemedel … Patentmedicin, är äldre typer av läkemedelsberedningar som framställdes och såldes utanför apoteken. Blandningarnas recept var ofta hemliga. Lösningarna kunde exempelvis bestå av socker- eller sirapslösningar, smaksatta med örter och kryddor. Den verksamma ingrediensen kunde exempelvis vara alkohol, cannabis, morfin eller kokain.ra alkohol, cannabis, morfin eller kokain.
, Patentmiddelen waren in de 19e en de eerst … Patentmiddelen waren in de 19e en de eerste helft van de 20e eeuw commerciële geneesmiddelen op basis van zorgvuldig geheimgehouden recepten, die met veel reclame werden aangeprezen. Ze beloofden spectaculaire resultaten op velerlei gebied. Sommige van deze middelen waren door de ingrediënten echter ronduit gevaarlijk. In Engeland maakte de zich sterk tegen de reclames van patentmiddelen in kerkelijke bladen en postzegelboekjes van de regering.laden en postzegelboekjes van de regering.
, Το γιατροσόφι είναι το πρακτικό φάρμακο πο … Το γιατροσόφι είναι το πρακτικό φάρμακο που χρησιμοποιούσε ο κόσμος παλιότερα - αλλά ακόμη και στη σημερινή εποχή - προκειμένου να αντιμετωπίσει μικρά ή και μεγαλύτερα προβλήματα υγείας. Υπάρχουν πολλών ειδών γιατροσόφια, και είναι σχεδόν σίγουρο ότι ο κάθε άνθρωπος τα έχει χρησιμοποιήσει σε κάποια στιγμή της ζωής του, συνήθως με την προτροπή κάποιου μεγαλύτερου σε ηλικία μέλους της οικογένειας. Τα περισσότερα γιατροσόφια βασίζονται στη χρήση των φαρμακευτικών φυτών, ενώ σε πολλά μέρη της Ελλάδας αποτελούν αξιόλογο μέρος της λαογραφικής παράδοσης του τόπου. Αν και η χρήση τους έχει αμφισβητηθεί από τους οπαδούς της , τα περισσότερα γιατροσόφια δεν παύουν να έχουν στέρεη επιστημονική τεκμηρίωση και να αποτελούν τον «πρόδρομο» των δημοφιλών φυτικών καλλυντικών και φαρμακευτικών σκευασμάτων παλλυντικών και φαρμακευτικών σκευασμάτων π
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Γιατροσόφι
, Patentmiddel
, Cógas paiteanta
, Patentmedicin
, Patent medicine
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