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Elwood Haynes (October 14, 1857 – April 13 … Elwood Haynes (October 14, 1857 – April 13, 1925) was an American inventor, metallurgist, automotive pioneer, entrepreneur and industrialist. He invented the metal alloy stellite and independently co-discovered martensitic stainless steel along with Englishman Harry Brearley in 1912 and designed one of the earliest automobiles made in the United States. He is recognized for having created the earliest American design that was feasible for mass production and, with the Apperson brothers, he formed the first company in the United States to produce automobiles profitably. He made many advances in the automotive industry. Early in his career, while serving as a field superintendent at gas and oil companies during Indiana's gas boom, Haynes invented several devices important to the advance of the natural gas industry. When working for the Indiana Natural Gas and Oil Company, he oversaw the construction of the first long-distance natural gas pipeline in the United States, connecting Chicago with the Trenton Gas Field 150 miles (240 km) away. He began to formulate plans for a motorized vehicle in the early 1890s; he successfully road tested his first car, the Pioneer, on July 4, 1894—eight years after the first automobile was patented in Germany. He formed a partnership with Elmer and Edgar Apperson in 1896 to start Haynes-Apperson for the commercial production of automobiles. He renamed it Haynes Automobile Company in 1905, following the loss of his partners. Working in his laboratory to develop new corrosion-resistant metals for auto parts, Haynes discovered that mixing tungsten with chromium, steel and iron resulted in the formation of strong and lightweight alloys that were impervious to corrosion, and could endure high temperatures. In 1912, he formed Haynes Stellite Company to produce one of the new alloys, and received lucrative contracts during World War I, making Haynes a millionaire in 1916. He sold his patent for stainless steel to the American Stainless Steel Company in exchange for enough stock to gain a seat at the company's board of directors, a position he held for 12 years. He merged the Haynes Stellite company with Union Carbide in 1920. After passing through different owners, the company was renamed and is now called Haynes International. Haynes returned his focus to his automotive company, but in the economic recession of the 1920s the business went bankrupt and was liquidated. An outspoken advocate of prohibition, he made substantial donations to the Prohibition Party and Indiana's prohibitionist leader Frank Hanly. Haynes ran an unsuccessful campaign in Indiana for the U.S. Senate in 1916 as a prohibition candidate and remained active in the party until prohibition became law. Later, he became a philanthropist and served two terms as president of the YMCA, five years on the Indiana Board of Education, and was an active member of the Presbyterian church. After his death from complications arising from influenza, his Kokomo mansion was converted into the Elwood Haynes Museum and is open to the public where many of his original inventions and automobiles are on display.inventions and automobiles are on display.
, Elwood Haynes (* 14. Oktober 1857 in , Ind … Elwood Haynes (* 14. Oktober 1857 in , Indiana; † 13. April 1925 in Kokomo, Indiana) war ein US-amerikanischer Erfinder, Metallurge, Automobilpionier und Unternehmer. Er erfand die Legierung Stellite und gehört deshalb zu den Pionieren des rostfreien Stahls. Außerdem entwarf er eines der ersten Automobile der USA und gründete das Unternehmen Haynes International.dete das Unternehmen Haynes International.
, Ельвуд Гейнс (14 жовтня 1857 року-13 квітня 1925 року) — американський винахідник, металург, автомобільний піонер.
, Elwood Haynes, né le 14 octobre 1857 à Por … Elwood Haynes, né le 14 octobre 1857 à Portland dans l'Indiana et mort le 13 avril 1925 à Kokomo dans le même État, est un inventeur, métallurgiste, pionnier de l'automobile, entrepreneur et industriel américain. Il invente l'alliage métallique stellite, co-découvre indépendamment l'acier inoxydable martensitique avec le Britannique Harry Brearley en 1912 et conçoit l'une des premières automobiles fabriquées aux États-Unis. Il est reconnu pour avoir créé le premier modèle américain pouvant être produit en série et, avec les frères Apperson, il fonde la première entreprise américaine automobile rentable. Il réalise de nombreuses avancées dans l'industrie automobile. Au début de sa carrière, alors qu'il travaille comme chef de chantier pour des sociétés gazières et pétrolières pendant le boom gazier de l'Indiana, Elwood Haynes invente plusieurs dispositifs importants pour le progrès de l'industrie du gaz naturel. Lorsqu'il travaille pour l'Indiana Natural Gas and Oil Company, il supervise la construction du premier gazoduc longue distance des États-Unis, reliant Chicago au champ gazier de Trenton situé à 240 km de là. Il commence à formuler des plans pour un véhicule motorisé au début des années 1890 ; il teste avec succès sa première voiture, la Pioneer, le Jour de l'Indépendance le 4 juillet 1894, huit ans après le brevetage de la première automobile en Allemagne. En 1896, il s'associe à Elmer et Edgar Apperson pour créer la société Haynes-Apperson, destinée à la production commerciale d'automobiles. Il la renomme Haynes Automobile Company en 1905, après la perte de ses associés. Travaillant dans son laboratoire pour développer de nouveaux métaux résistants à la corrosion pour les pièces automobiles, Elwood Haynes découvre qu'en mélangeant du tungstène avec du chrome, de l'acier et du fer on obtient des alliages solides et légers, résistants à la corrosion et capables de supporter des températures élevées. En 1912, il crée la Haynes Stellite Company pour produire l'un de ces nouveaux alliages et obtient des contrats lucratifs pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, devenant millionnaire en 1916. Il vend son brevet pour l'acier inoxydable à l'American Stainless Steel Company en échange de suffisamment d'actions pour obtenir un siège au conseil d'administration de la société, poste qu'il occupe pendant 12 ans. Il fusionne la société Haynes Stellite avec Union Carbide en 1920. Après être passée par différents propriétaires, la société est rebaptisée Haynes International. Elwood Haynes se concentre à nouveau sur son entreprise automobile, mais lors de la récession économique des années 1920, celle-ci fait faillite et est liquidée. Fervent défenseur de la prohibition, il fait des dons substantiels au Parti de la prohibition et au leader prohibitionniste de l'Indiana, Frank Hanly. Elwood Haynes mène une campagne infructueuse dans l'Indiana pour le Sénat américain en 1916 en tant que candidat de la prohibition et reste actif dans le parti jusqu'à ce que la prohibition devienne une loi. Plus tard, il devient philanthrope et assure deux mandats en tant que président de la YMCA, est présent cinq ans au sein du Conseil de l'éducation de l'Indiana et est un membre actif de l'église presbytérienne. Après sa mort des suites de complications liées à la grippe, son manoir de Kokomo est transformé en musée Elwood-Haynes et est ouvert au public. Y sont exposées nombre de ses inventions et automobiles originales. ses inventions et automobiles originales.
, Elwood Haynes (ur. 14 października 1857 w Portland, Indiana; zm. 13 kwietnia 1925 w Kokomo, Indiana) – amerykański wynalazca, pionier motoryzacji, budowniczy jednego z pierwszych samochodów.
, إلوود هاينز (بالإنجليزية: Elwood Haynes) هو رائد أعمال ومخترِع أمريكي، ولد في 14 أكتوبر 1857 في بورتلاند في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 13 أبريل 1925 في كوكومو في الولايات المتحدة بسبب مرض معد.
, Elwood P. Haynes (14 de outubro de 1857 – … Elwood P. Haynes (14 de outubro de 1857 – 12 de abril de 1925) foi um inventor metalúrgico, pioneiro da indústria automóvel, empresário e industrial norte-americano. Inventou as ligas metálicas estelite e martensita de aço inoxidável e idealizou e construiu um dos primeiros automóveis feitos nos Estados Unidos. É reconhecido por ter criado o primeiro design americano para produção em massa e, com os irmãos Apperson, fundou a primeira empresa dos Estados Unidos rentável na produção de automóveis. Fez muitos progressos na indústria automóvel. No início da sua carreira, enquanto servia como superintendente em empresas de gás e petróleo durante o , Haynes inventou vários dispositivos importantes para o avanço da indústria do gás natural. Quando trabalhava para a empresa de gás natural e petróleo do Indiana supervisionou a construção do primeiro gasoduto de longa distância nos Estados Unidos, ligando Chicago com o , a 240 km de distância. Começou a formular planos para um veículo motorizado no início da década de 1890; testou com êxito em estrada o seu primeiro carro, o Pioneer, em 4 de julho de 1894, oito anos após o primeiro automóvel ter sido patenteado na Alemanha. Formou uma parceria com Elmer e Edgar Apperson em 1896 para iniciar a empresa para a produção comercial de automóveis, depois chamada Haynes Automobile Company, em 1905, após a perda de seus parceiros. Trabalhando no laboratório da sua empresa de automóveis, a desenvolver novos metais resistentes à corrosão para peças de automóvel, Haynes descobriu que a mistura de tungsténio com aço, cromo e ferro, resultava na formação de ligas fortes e leves que eram imunes à corrosão e poderiam suportar temperaturas muito altas. Formou a Haynes Stellite Company para produzir uma das novas ligas e fez contratos lucrativos durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, tornando-se milionário em 1916. Vendeu a sua patente do aço inoxidável para a American Stainless Steel Company em troca de ações suficientes para ter assento no conselho de administração da companhia, cargo que ocupou durante 12 anos. Devido a problemas de trabalho, vendeu a empresa e a patente da estelite à Union Carbide em 1920, e, depois de passar por diferentes proprietários, a empresa foi renomeada chamando-se hoje . Haynes voltou a dedicar o foco da sua atividade à sua empresa de construção automóvel, mas com a recessão económica da década de 1920 a empresa faliu e foi liquidada. Haynes perdeu um quarto da sua fortuna em 1925, quando foi pessoalmente responsável por grande parte das dívidas da empresa. Um defensor da lei seca, fez doações substanciais para o e ao líder proibicionista do Indiana . Haynes executou uma campanha mal sucedida no Indiana para ser eleito para o Senado dos Estados Unidos em 1916 como candidato pela proibição, e continuou ativo no partido até a proibição se ter tornado lei. Mais tarde, tornou-se filantropo e serviu dois mandatos como presidente da YMCA, cinco anos no Conselho de Educação de Indiana, e foi membro ativo da Igreja Presbiteriana. Depois da sua morte por complicações decorrentes de uma gripe, a sua mansão em Kokomo foi convertida em Museu Elwood Haynes e está aberta ao público. Aí, muitas das suas invenções originais e dos seus automóveis estão em exposição. e dos seus automóveis estão em exposição.
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إلوود هاينز (بالإنجليزية: Elwood Haynes) هو رائد أعمال ومخترِع أمريكي، ولد في 14 أكتوبر 1857 في بورتلاند في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 13 أبريل 1925 في كوكومو في الولايات المتحدة بسبب مرض معد.
, Elwood Haynes (October 14, 1857 – April 13 … Elwood Haynes (October 14, 1857 – April 13, 1925) was an American inventor, metallurgist, automotive pioneer, entrepreneur and industrialist. He invented the metal alloy stellite and independently co-discovered martensitic stainless steel along with Englishman Harry Brearley in 1912 and designed one of the earliest automobiles made in the United States. He is recognized for having created the earliest American design that was feasible for mass production and, with the Apperson brothers, he formed the first company in the United States to produce automobiles profitably. He made many advances in the automotive industry. many advances in the automotive industry.
, Ельвуд Гейнс (14 жовтня 1857 року-13 квітня 1925 року) — американський винахідник, металург, автомобільний піонер.
, Elwood Haynes (* 14. Oktober 1857 in , Ind … Elwood Haynes (* 14. Oktober 1857 in , Indiana; † 13. April 1925 in Kokomo, Indiana) war ein US-amerikanischer Erfinder, Metallurge, Automobilpionier und Unternehmer. Er erfand die Legierung Stellite und gehört deshalb zu den Pionieren des rostfreien Stahls. Außerdem entwarf er eines der ersten Automobile der USA und gründete das Unternehmen Haynes International.dete das Unternehmen Haynes International.
, Elwood P. Haynes (14 de outubro de 1857 – … Elwood P. Haynes (14 de outubro de 1857 – 12 de abril de 1925) foi um inventor metalúrgico, pioneiro da indústria automóvel, empresário e industrial norte-americano. Inventou as ligas metálicas estelite e martensita de aço inoxidável e idealizou e construiu um dos primeiros automóveis feitos nos Estados Unidos. É reconhecido por ter criado o primeiro design americano para produção em massa e, com os irmãos Apperson, fundou a primeira empresa dos Estados Unidos rentável na produção de automóveis. Fez muitos progressos na indústria automóvel. muitos progressos na indústria automóvel.
, Elwood Haynes (ur. 14 października 1857 w Portland, Indiana; zm. 13 kwietnia 1925 w Kokomo, Indiana) – amerykański wynalazca, pionier motoryzacji, budowniczy jednego z pierwszych samochodów.
, Elwood Haynes, né le 14 octobre 1857 à Por … Elwood Haynes, né le 14 octobre 1857 à Portland dans l'Indiana et mort le 13 avril 1925 à Kokomo dans le même État, est un inventeur, métallurgiste, pionnier de l'automobile, entrepreneur et industriel américain. Il invente l'alliage métallique stellite, co-découvre indépendamment l'acier inoxydable martensitique avec le Britannique Harry Brearley en 1912 et conçoit l'une des premières automobiles fabriquées aux États-Unis. Il est reconnu pour avoir créé le premier modèle américain pouvant être produit en série et, avec les frères Apperson, il fonde la première entreprise américaine automobile rentable. Il réalise de nombreuses avancées dans l'industrie automobile.uses avancées dans l'industrie automobile.
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, إلوود هاينز
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