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وثقت حياة رسول الإسلام محمد (c. 22 نيسان/أ … وثقت حياة رسول الإسلام محمد (c. 22 نيسان/أبريل، 571م -11 حزيران/يونيو 632م) اعتماده على الدبلوماسية لقيادة المسلمين ونشر الإسلام كأمة تتوسع. فقد أسس لطرق التواصل مع القبائل وزعماء الجماعات الوطنية من خلال الرسائل، وتعيين المبعوثين، أو من خلال زيارات لهم يقوم بها شخصيًا، مثلما حصل في الطائف. كما هناك حالات من المراسلات الخطية تتضمن رسائل إلى هرقل، النجاشي وكسرى. وهناك دلائل واضحة أن محمدًا شرع في الاتصال مع قادة آخرين في شبه الجزيرة العربية، إلا أنه ليس من الموثق أنه أرسل خطابات إلى أبعد من هذه الحدود. عندما وصل محمد إلى المدينة في عام 622 كانت القبائل المحلية تتخاصم فيما بينها، وخاصة قبيلتي الأوس والخزرج، إذ أنهما كانتا تتناحران منذ عدة عقود. عالج محمد هذا الوضع عن طريق وضع دستور المدينة المنورة وهي الوثيقة التي نظمت التفاعلات بين مختلف الفصائل والمتفق عليها كل الأطراف. كان هذا دورا سياسيًا مختلفًا بالنسبة له إذ أنه كان شخصية دينية فقط خلال فترة وجوده في مكة. وكانت النتيجة في نهاية المطاف تشكيل مجتمع موحد في المدينة المنورة، الذي أنتج تفوقًا سياسيًا لمحمد. كما شارك محمد في وضع الاتفاقات والتعهدات مثل «بيعتي العقبة» وصلح الحديبية، و«بيعة الرضوان». وذكر إنه استخدم ختم من الفضة ليختم على الرسائل المرسلة إلى أبرز القادة الذين دعاهم اعتناق الإسلام.لى أبرز القادة الذين دعاهم اعتناق الإسلام.
, Muhammad, nabi dan rasul utama agama Islam … Muhammad, nabi dan rasul utama agama Islam, dikenal juga dalam sejarah atas kepemimpinan dan peran diplomatiknya atas komunitas Islam saat itu. Ia membangun komunikasi dengan para pemimpin suku maupun pemimpin negara lain dengan mengirim utusan yang membawa surat darinya, atau bahkan mengunjunginya (kunjungan ke Ta'if). Korespondensi melalui surat antara lain dilakukannya dengan Heraclius (Kaisar Romawi), Raja Negus (penguasa Ethiopia) dan Khusrau (penguasa Persia). Saat hijrah ke Madinah, ia mengubah situasi politik dan sosial yang selama puluhan tahun dipenuhi oleh persaingan antar suku yang didominasi suku Aus dan Khazraj. Salah satu cara yang ia gunakan untuk mencapai kondisi ini adalah penandatangan perjanjian kesepakatan yang dikenal dengan nama Piagam Madinah, sebuah dokumen yang berisikan peraturan-peraturan mengenai kehidupan sosial antar semua elemen masyarakat di sana. Hasilnya adalah terbentuknya sebuah komunitas yang bersatu di Madinah di bawah pimpinannya.g bersatu di Madinah di bawah pimpinannya.
, The diplomatic career of Muhammad (c. 570 … The diplomatic career of Muhammad (c. 570 – 8 June 632) encompasses Muhammad's leadership over the growing Muslim community (Ummah) in early Arabia and his correspondences with the rulers of other nations in and around Arabia. This period was marked by the change from the customs of the period of Jahiliyyah in pre-Islamic Arabia to an early Islamic system of governance, while also setting the defining principles of Islamic jurisprudence in accordance with Sharia law and an Islamic theocracy. The two primary Arab tribes of Medina, the Aws and the Khazraj, had been battling each other for the control of Medina for more than a century before Muhammad's arrival. With the pledges of al-Aqaba, which took place near Mina, Muhammad was accepted as the common leader of Medina by the Aws and Khazraj and he addressed this by establishing the Constitution of Medina upon his arrival; a document which regulated interactions between the different factions, including the Arabian Jews of Medina, to which the signatories agreed. This was a different role for him, as he was only a religious leader during his time in Mecca. The result was the eventual formation of a united community in Medina, as well as the political supremacy of Muhammad, along with the beginning of a ten-year long diplomatic career. In the final years before his death, Muhammad established communication with other leaders through letters, envoys, or by visiting them personally, such as at Ta’if, Muhammad intended to spread the message of Islam outside of Arabia. Instances of preserved written correspondence include letters to Heraclius, the Negus and Khosrau II, among other leaders. Although it is likely that Muhammad had initiated contact with other leaders within the Arabian Peninsula, some have questioned whether letters had been sent beyond these boundaries. The main defining moments of Muhammad's career as a diplomat are the Pledges at al-Aqabah, the Constitution of Medina, and the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. Muhammad reportedly used a silver seal on letters sent to other notable leaders which he sent as invitations to the religion of Islam.t as invitations to the religion of Islam.
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Muhammad, nabi dan rasul utama agama Islam … Muhammad, nabi dan rasul utama agama Islam, dikenal juga dalam sejarah atas kepemimpinan dan peran diplomatiknya atas komunitas Islam saat itu. Ia membangun komunikasi dengan para pemimpin suku maupun pemimpin negara lain dengan mengirim utusan yang membawa surat darinya, atau bahkan mengunjunginya (kunjungan ke Ta'if). Korespondensi melalui surat antara lain dilakukannya dengan Heraclius (Kaisar Romawi), Raja Negus (penguasa Ethiopia) dan Khusrau (penguasa Persia).a Ethiopia) dan Khusrau (penguasa Persia).
, The diplomatic career of Muhammad (c. 570 … The diplomatic career of Muhammad (c. 570 – 8 June 632) encompasses Muhammad's leadership over the growing Muslim community (Ummah) in early Arabia and his correspondences with the rulers of other nations in and around Arabia. This period was marked by the change from the customs of the period of Jahiliyyah in pre-Islamic Arabia to an early Islamic system of governance, while also setting the defining principles of Islamic jurisprudence in accordance with Sharia law and an Islamic theocracy. with Sharia law and an Islamic theocracy.
, وثقت حياة رسول الإسلام محمد (c. 22 نيسان/أ … وثقت حياة رسول الإسلام محمد (c. 22 نيسان/أبريل، 571م -11 حزيران/يونيو 632م) اعتماده على الدبلوماسية لقيادة المسلمين ونشر الإسلام كأمة تتوسع. فقد أسس لطرق التواصل مع القبائل وزعماء الجماعات الوطنية من خلال الرسائل، وتعيين المبعوثين، أو من خلال زيارات لهم يقوم بها شخصيًا، مثلما حصل في الطائف. كما هناك حالات من المراسلات الخطية تتضمن رسائل إلى هرقل، النجاشي وكسرى. وهناك دلائل واضحة أن محمدًا شرع في الاتصال مع قادة آخرين في شبه الجزيرة العربية، إلا أنه ليس من الموثق أنه أرسل خطابات إلى أبعد من هذه الحدود.ثق أنه أرسل خطابات إلى أبعد من هذه الحدود.
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, Diplomatic career of Muhammad
, Karier diplomatik Muhammad
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