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Jugoslávská (možno přeložit i jako Jihoslo … Jugoslávská (možno přeložit i jako Jihoslovanská) muslimská organizace (srbochorvatsky/bosensky Jugoslavenska muslimanska organizacija, v srbském prostředí známá jako Jugoslovenska muslimanska organizacija/Југословенска муслиманска организација, JMO, kolokviálně též spahinovci) byla politickou stranou bosenskohercegovských muslimů v období Království Srbů, Chorvatů a Slovinců (od roku 1929 Jugoslávie), která byla založena na zakládacím sjezdu mezi 14. a 17. únorem 1919 a definitivně zanikla po německé agresi na Jugoslávii v dubnu 1941.německé agresi na Jugoslávii v dubnu 1941.
, The Yugoslav Muslim Organization (Serbo-Cr … The Yugoslav Muslim Organization (Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslavenska muslimanska organizacija / Југославенска муслиманска организација, JMO) was an Ethnic Muslim (today Bosniak) political party in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was founded in Sarajevo on the 16 February 1919 and was led by Mehmed Spaho. The party was a successor of Muslimanska Narodna Organizacija (Muslim National Organization), a conservative Bosniak party founded in 1906 during the Austro-Hungarian era. The Muslim National Organization was itself a successor of the conservative Bosniak "Movement for waqf and educational autonomy" (Pokret za vakufsko-mearifsku autonomiju) that goes back to 1887. In election campaigns the JMO did mobilize on religious slogans rather than Bosniak nationality, calling failure of Muslims to vote for the party as a sin. The party had considerable influence in Islamic religious institutions, and JMO came to dominate the political life in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The party appealed to Muslims throughout Yugoslavia, urging them not to migrate to Turkey. In 1921 JMO aligned itself with the governing Serbian parties. JMO wanted to achieve territorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina and demanded religious autonomy as well as right for the Sharia law. Their demands were given to the Constitutional Assembly and as a compromise those demands were accepted and incorporated in the Vidovdan Constitution under the so-called "Turkish Paragraph". The support of JMO was important to pass the new constitution. This alliance became short-lived though. In 1922 a new Muslim party, Yugoslav Muslim People's Organization (JMNO), was formed and overtook the role as the Muslim ally of the Serbian parties. JMNO did however fail to attract any major section of the JMO vote-bank. In 1923 the party founded the cultural organization Narodna Uzdanica. JMO entered into a short-lived alliance with the Slovenian People's Party and the Croatian Republican Peasant Party. After the alliance broke down in 1925, JMO found itself politically isolated and came under attack from Serbian paramilitaries. At one time the paramilitaries attempted to kill Spaho. In 1927 the party suffered some setback in the election. After the election JMO joined a Serbian-led government. At this time the profile of JMO shifted, as it began to stress that it was a Bosnian party, rather than Muslim or Yugoslav. JMO was banned by Alexander I, along with other parties. Mehmed Spaho later rebuilt the JMO and joined Milan Stojadinović’s Serbian-dominated government in 1937. He resigned in 1939 to protest the creation of the banovina of Croatia: he died a few months later and was succeeded as party chairman by Džafer Kulenović. The JMO dominated Bosnian politics until 1941. After the invasion of Yugoslavia by Axis powers, Ante Pavelić's quisling Croatian regime received support from several JMO leaders, among whom Džafer Kulenović who served as vice-president. Other JMO members supported the Partisans instead ; one JMO senator participated to the first AVNOJ session in 1942.ipated to the first AVNOJ session in 1942.
, L'Organizzazione Musulmana Jugoslava (bosn … L'Organizzazione Musulmana Jugoslava (bosniaco: Jugoslovenska Muslimanska Organizacija, JMO, Југослoвенска Муслиманска Организација) è stato un partito politico bosniaco nel Regno dei Serbi, Croati e Sloveni, e più tardi nel Regno di Jugoslavia. È stata fondata a Sarajevo il 16 febbraio 1919 ed è stata guidata da . La JMO era il successore dell'Organizzazione Nazionale Musulmana (Muslimanska Narodna Organizacija, MNO), un partito conservatore bosgnacco durante l'epoca austro-ungarica. Nelle sue campagne elettorali la JMO ha fatto appello alla mobilitazione basata su slogan religiosi piuttosto che sulla nazionalità bosgnacca, definendo come peccato il fallimento dei musulmani bosniaci a votare per il partito. Il partito ha avuto una notevole influenza nelle istituzioni religiose islamiche, e la JMO è venuto a dominare la vita politica in Bosnia nel periodo interbellico. Il partito ha fatto appello ai musulmani di tutta la Jugoslavia, invitandoli a non emigrare verso la Turchia. Nel 1921 la JMO si è allineata con i partiti serbi di governo. La JMO voleva ottenere l'integrità territoriale della Bosnia ed Erzegovina (allora separata in varie banovine) e chiedeva autonomia religiosa e l'uso della shari'a nel diritto privato. Le loro richieste sono state consegnate all'Assemblea Costituente del Regno SHS e come compromesso tali richieste sono state accettate e incorporate nella sotto il cosiddetto "paragrafo turco".Il supporto della JMO fu importante per l'adozione della nuova costituzione. Tuttavia l'alleanza si rivelò di breve durata. Nel 1922 veniva costituito un nuovo partito, l'Organizzazione del Popolo Musulmano Jugoslavo (JMNO), che prendeva il ruolo di alleato musulmano dei partiti serbi. La JMNO non riuscì tuttavia a catturare il sostegno dei votanti della JMO. Nel 1923 il partito fondò l'organizzazione culturale Narodna Uzdanica. La JMO stipulò un breve alleanza con il Partito Popolare Sloveno e il Partito Rurale Croato. Alla rottura di questa nel 1925, la JMO si trovò isolata e subì gli attacchi dei paramilitari serbi, che ad un certo punto cercarono perfino di uccidere Spaho. Nel 1927 il partito subì una battuta d'arresto alle elezioni. Dopo l'elezione la JMO si unì alla coalizione di maggioranza a guida serba. In questo momento il profilo della JMO si modificò, cominciando a sottolineare che si trattava di un partito bosniaco, piuttosto che musulmano o jugoslavo. La JMO venne bandita dal regime di Alessandro I di Jugoslavia, insieme ad altri partiti. Spaho successivamente ricostruì il partito e si unì alla coalizione a guida serba del governo di Milan Stojadinović nel 1937. Si dimise quindi nel 1939 per protestare contro la creazione della Banovina di Croazia: morì pochi mesi dopo e gli successe come presidente del partito Džafer Kulenović. La JMO dominò la politica bosniaca fino al 1941. Dopo l'invasione della Jugoslavia da parte delle potenze dell'Asse, il regime collaborazionista croato di Ante Pavelić ricevette il sostegno di diversi leader JMO, tra i quali Dzafer Kulenovic che servì come vice-presidente. Altri membri JMO al contrario sostennero i partigiani jugoslavi; un senatore JMO ha partecipato alla prima sessione AVNOJ nel 1942.cipato alla prima sessione AVNOJ nel 1942.
, L'Organisation musulmane yougoslave (en bo … L'Organisation musulmane yougoslave (en bosnien :Jugoslovenska Muslimanska Organizacija ; cyrillique :Југословенска Муслиманска Организација, abrégé en JMO) est un parti politique yougoslave de l'entre-deux-guerres. Elle était principalement présente en Bosnie.e était principalement présente en Bosnie.
, Organização Muçulmana Iugoslava (em bósnio … Organização Muçulmana Iugoslava (em bósnio: Jugoslavenska muslimanska organizacija, JMO) foi um partido político bósnio no Reino dos Sérvios, Croatas e Eslovenos, mais tarde, no Reino da Iugoslávia. Foi fundada em Sarajevo no dia 16 de fevereiro de 1919 e foi liderada por Mehmed Spaho. O partido foi um sucessor do Muslimanska Narodna Organizacija (Organização Nacional Muçulmana), um partido conservador bósnio durante a era do Império Austro-Húngaro. Nas campanhas eleitorais, o JMO se mobilizou em slogans religiosos ao invés da nacionalidade bósnia. O partido teve influência considerável nas instituições religiosas islâmicas, e a JMO passou a dominar a vida política em Bósnia. O partido apelou aos muçulmanos em toda a Iugoslávia, pedindo-lhes para não migrar para Turquia. Suas demandas foram dadas à Assembleia Constitucional e, como compromisso, essas demandas foram aceitas e incorporadas na Constituição de Vidovdan sob o chamado "parágrafo turco". O apoio do JMO era importante para aprovar a nova constituição. Esta aliança tornou-se de curta duração, no entanto. Em 1922, um novo partido muçulmano, a Organização do Povo Muçulmano Iugoslavo (JMNO), foi formado e assumiu o papel de aliado muçulmano dos partidos sérvios. No entanto, a JMNO não conseguiu atrair nenhuma seção importante do banco de votos da JMO. Em 1923, o partido fundou a organização cultural Narodna Uzdanica. JMO entrou em uma aliança de curta duração com o Partido Popular Esloveno e o Partido Camponês Croata. Depois que a aliança se quebrou em 1925, a JMO encontrou-se politicamente isolado e foram atacados por paramilitares sérvios. Ao mesmo tempo, os paramilitares tentaram matar Spaho. Em 1927, o partido sofreu revés na eleição. Após a eleição, a JMO se juntou a um governo liderado pela Sérvia. Neste momento, o perfil da JMO mudou, já que começou a enfatizar que era um partido bósnio, ao invés de muçulmano ou iugoslavo. A JMO foi banido por Alexandre I, juntamente com outros partidos. Mehmed Spaho mais tarde reconstruiu o JMO e se juntou ao governo dominado pela Sérvia de Milan Stojadinović em 1937. Ele demitiu-se, em 1939, para protestar contra a criação da banovina da Croácia: Ele morreu alguns meses depois e foi sucedido como presidente do partido por Džafer Kulenović. A JMO dominou a política da Bósnia até 1941. Após a invasão da Jugoslávia pelas potências do Eixo, o Estado Independente da Croácia de Ante Pavelić recebeu apoio de vários líderes da JMO, entre os quais Džafer Kulenović que serviu como vice-presidente. Houve membros da JMO que apoiaram os partisans iugoslavos. JMO que apoiaram os partisans iugoslavos.
, Η Γιουγκοσλαβική μουσουλμανική οργάνωση ήτ … Η Γιουγκοσλαβική μουσουλμανική οργάνωση ήταν πολιτικό κόμμα του Βασιλείου της Γιουγκοσλαβίας που εκπροσωπούσε όλους τους μουσουλμάνους του βασιλείου. Ιδρύθηκε στο Σεράγεβο στις 16 Φεβρουαρίου 1919 με ηγέτη τον . Το κόμμα είχε σημαντική επιρροή στα ισλαμικά θρησκευτικά ιδρύματα και κυριάρχησε στην πολιτική ζωή στη Βοσνία. Το κόμμα έκανε έκκληση προς τους μουσουλμάνους σε όλη τη Γιουγκοσλαβία, καλώντας τους να μη μεταναστεύουν στην Τουρκία. Το κόμμα τόνιζε την εθνική συνείδηση περισσότερο από τη μουσουλμανική θρησκεία. Το 1921 ένωσε τις δυνάμεις του με τα κυβερνώντα σερβικά κόμματα. Η υποστήριξή του ήταν σημαντική προκειμένου να διαμορφωθεί το νέο σύνταγμα. Πολύ σύντομα όμως άφησε τον συνασπισμό και πέρασε στην αντιπολίτευση. Σύναψε βραχυπρόθεσμη συμμαχία με το και το , αλλά το 1925 η συμμαχία κατέρρευσε και οι παραστρατιωτικοί προσπάθησαν να δολοφονήσουν τον Σπάχο. Το 1927 σύναψε συμμαχία με το που ονομάζεται "Δημοκρατική Ένωση". Στις εκλογές του 1927 ο συνασπισμός απέτυχε και η Μουσουλμανική οργάνωση τάχτηκε με τα κυβερνώντα κόμματα. Με την δικτατορία του Ιανουαρίου επίσημα καταργήθηκε και η ηγεσία του συνελήφθη. Μετά τον θάνατο του βασιλιά Αλεξάνδρου και την επιστροφή της πολιτικής ελευθερίας το κόμμα αναδιοργανώθηκε και ο Σπάχο επέλεξε να εισέλθει στη μαζί με το Λαϊκό Ριζοσπαστικό κόμμα Σερβίας και το . Ως μέλος του συνασπισμού έλαβε μέρος στην κυβέρνηση του και μετά τις εκλογές το 1938 στη κυβέρνηση . Η Γιουγκοσλαβική Μουσουλμανική Οργάνωση σταμάτησε όλες τις δραστηριότητες της κατά τον Β παγκόσμιο πόλεμο και τον Απρίλιο του 1941.παγκόσμιο πόλεμο και τον Απρίλιο του 1941.
, La Organización Musulmana Yugoslava, a vec … La Organización Musulmana Yugoslava, a veces también llamada Liga Musulmana Yugoslava (en serbocroata, Jugoslavenska Muslimanska Organizacija, JMO) fue un partido yugoslavo de entreguerras apoyado sobre todo por los musulmanes bosnios. Fundado en Sarajevo el 16 de febrero de 1919, fue dirigida por . Durante las sucesivas elecciones, la JMO basaba sus mensajes en la religión más que en la nacionalidad, declarando el voto de los musulmanes a otro partido o la abstención un pecado. Tuvo una notoria influencia en las instituciones religiosas musulmanas y fue el partido dominante de la política en Bosnia-Hercegovina. El partido trató de conseguir el voto de todos los musulmanes yugoslavos, animándoles a no emigrar a Turquía sino a permanecer en el país. En 1921 la JMO se alineó con los partidos serbios en el gobierno, apoyando la nueva constitución centralista del país. En 1922 se rompieron las buenas relaciones con los partidos serbios al crearse la (JMNO), que la desplazó como socio de estos. El nuevo partido, sin embargo, no logró atraer a los votantes de la JMO. En 1923, el partido creó la organización cultural Narodna Uzdanica ("Esperanza Popular"). Más tarde el partido entró en una efímera alianza con el Partido Popular Esloveno y el Partido Campesino Croata, que se deshizo en 1925. Entonces el partido se encontró aislado políticamente y fue objeto de ataques por parte de los paramilitares serbios, que trataron sin éxito de asesinar a su jefe, Mehmed Spaho. En las elecciones de 1927 sufrió el castigo de sus votantes, pasando a formar parte de una coalición de gobierno con otros partidos serbios. A partir de este momento el partido empezó a hacer más hincapié en su naturaleza bosnia frente a la puramente musulmana o yugoslava. El JMO fue prohibido por el rey Alejandro junto con el resto de partidos basados en nacionalidades al declarar este la dictadura real el 6 de enero de 1929. la dictadura real el 6 de enero de 1929.
, Die Jugoslawische Muslimische Organisation … Die Jugoslawische Muslimische Organisation (serbokroatisch Југославенска Муслиманска Организација Jugoslavenska Muslimanska Organizacija, JMO) war eine bosnische politische Partei im Königreich Jugoslawien. Sie wurde von Mehmed Spaho am 16. Februar 1919 in Sarajevo gegründet und war der Nachfolger der Muslimischen Nationalorganisation (Muslimanska Narodna Organizacija) in Österreich-Ungarn. Die Jugoslawische Muslimische Organisation dominierte schnell das politische Leben in Bosnien und rief die Muslime im ganzen Königreich Jugoslawien auf, nicht in die Türkei auszuwandern. Die JMO trat weit nach 1921 einem kurzlebigen Bündnis mit der Slowenischen Volkspartei und der Kroatischen Republikanischen Bauernpartei bei. Nachdem das Bündnis 1925 zerbrach, war die JMO politisch isoliert und wurde von serbischen Paramilitärs attackiert. Bei den Wahlen 1927 wurde die Partei benachteiligt, trat jedoch trotzdem der serbisch dominierten Regierung bei. Sie änderte von nun an ihr Profil und betonte, eher eine bosnische Partei zu sein als eine muslimische oder jugoslawische wie die Džemijet. Die Partei wurde 1929 von König Alexander I. zusammen mit allen anderen Parteien verboten. Wahlergebnisse:anderen Parteien verboten. Wahlergebnisse:
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Organização Muçulmana Iugoslava (em bósnio … Organização Muçulmana Iugoslava (em bósnio: Jugoslavenska muslimanska organizacija, JMO) foi um partido político bósnio no Reino dos Sérvios, Croatas e Eslovenos, mais tarde, no Reino da Iugoslávia. Foi fundada em Sarajevo no dia 16 de fevereiro de 1919 e foi liderada por Mehmed Spaho. O partido foi um sucessor do Muslimanska Narodna Organizacija (Organização Nacional Muçulmana), um partido conservador bósnio durante a era do Império Austro-Húngaro. Nas campanhas eleitorais, o JMO se mobilizou em slogans religiosos ao invés da nacionalidade bósnia. O partido teve influência considerável nas instituições religiosas islâmicas, e a JMO passou a dominar a vida política em Bósnia. O partido apelou aos muçulmanos em toda a Iugoslávia, pedindo-lhes para não migrar para Turquia.pedindo-lhes para não migrar para Turquia.
, Jugoslávská (možno přeložit i jako Jihoslo … Jugoslávská (možno přeložit i jako Jihoslovanská) muslimská organizace (srbochorvatsky/bosensky Jugoslavenska muslimanska organizacija, v srbském prostředí známá jako Jugoslovenska muslimanska organizacija/Југословенска муслиманска организација, JMO, kolokviálně též spahinovci) byla politickou stranou bosenskohercegovských muslimů v období Království Srbů, Chorvatů a Slovinců (od roku 1929 Jugoslávie), která byla založena na zakládacím sjezdu mezi 14. a 17. únorem 1919 a definitivně zanikla po německé agresi na Jugoslávii v dubnu 1941.německé agresi na Jugoslávii v dubnu 1941.
, Η Γιουγκοσλαβική μουσουλμανική οργάνωση ήτ … Η Γιουγκοσλαβική μουσουλμανική οργάνωση ήταν πολιτικό κόμμα του Βασιλείου της Γιουγκοσλαβίας που εκπροσωπούσε όλους τους μουσουλμάνους του βασιλείου. Ιδρύθηκε στο Σεράγεβο στις 16 Φεβρουαρίου 1919 με ηγέτη τον . Το κόμμα είχε σημαντική επιρροή στα ισλαμικά θρησκευτικά ιδρύματα και κυριάρχησε στην πολιτική ζωή στη Βοσνία. Το κόμμα έκανε έκκληση προς τους μουσουλμάνους σε όλη τη Γιουγκοσλαβία, καλώντας τους να μη μεταναστεύουν στην Τουρκία. Το κόμμα τόνιζε την εθνική συνείδηση περισσότερο από τη μουσουλμανική θρησκεία.περισσότερο από τη μουσουλμανική θρησκεία.
, Die Jugoslawische Muslimische Organisation … Die Jugoslawische Muslimische Organisation (serbokroatisch Југославенска Муслиманска Организација Jugoslavenska Muslimanska Organizacija, JMO) war eine bosnische politische Partei im Königreich Jugoslawien. Sie wurde von Mehmed Spaho am 16. Februar 1919 in Sarajevo gegründet und war der Nachfolger der Muslimischen Nationalorganisation (Muslimanska Narodna Organizacija) in Österreich-Ungarn. Die Jugoslawische Muslimische Organisation dominierte schnell das politische Leben in Bosnien und rief die Muslime im ganzen Königreich Jugoslawien auf, nicht in die Türkei auszuwandern. Wahlergebnisse:n die Türkei auszuwandern. Wahlergebnisse:
, L'Organizzazione Musulmana Jugoslava (bosn … L'Organizzazione Musulmana Jugoslava (bosniaco: Jugoslovenska Muslimanska Organizacija, JMO, Југослoвенска Муслиманска Организација) è stato un partito politico bosniaco nel Regno dei Serbi, Croati e Sloveni, e più tardi nel Regno di Jugoslavia. È stata fondata a Sarajevo il 16 febbraio 1919 ed è stata guidata da . La JMO stipulò un breve alleanza con il Partito Popolare Sloveno e il Partito Rurale Croato. Alla rottura di questa nel 1925, la JMO si trovò isolata e subì gli attacchi dei paramilitari serbi, che ad un certo punto cercarono perfino di uccidere Spaho.punto cercarono perfino di uccidere Spaho.
, L'Organisation musulmane yougoslave (en bo … L'Organisation musulmane yougoslave (en bosnien :Jugoslovenska Muslimanska Organizacija ; cyrillique :Југословенска Муслиманска Организација, abrégé en JMO) est un parti politique yougoslave de l'entre-deux-guerres. Elle était principalement présente en Bosnie.e était principalement présente en Bosnie.
, La Organización Musulmana Yugoslava, a vec … La Organización Musulmana Yugoslava, a veces también llamada Liga Musulmana Yugoslava (en serbocroata, Jugoslavenska Muslimanska Organizacija, JMO) fue un partido yugoslavo de entreguerras apoyado sobre todo por los musulmanes bosnios. Fundado en Sarajevo el 16 de febrero de 1919, fue dirigida por . En 1923, el partido creó la organización cultural Narodna Uzdanica ("Esperanza Popular"). El JMO fue prohibido por el rey Alejandro junto con el resto de partidos basados en nacionalidades al declarar este la dictadura real el 6 de enero de 1929. la dictadura real el 6 de enero de 1929.
, The Yugoslav Muslim Organization (Serbo-Cr … The Yugoslav Muslim Organization (Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslavenska muslimanska organizacija / Југославенска муслиманска организација, JMO) was an Ethnic Muslim (today Bosniak) political party in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was founded in Sarajevo on the 16 February 1919 and was led by Mehmed Spaho. The party was a successor of Muslimanska Narodna Organizacija (Muslim National Organization), a conservative Bosniak party founded in 1906 during the Austro-Hungarian era. The Muslim National Organization was itself a successor of the conservative Bosniak "Movement for waqf and educational autonomy" (Pokret za vakufsko-mearifsku autonomiju) that goes back to 1887. In election campaigns the JMO did mobilize on religious slogans rather than Bosniaze on religious slogans rather than Bosnia
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| rdfs:label |
Jugoslawische Muslimische Organisation
, Jugoslávská muslimská organizace
, Γιουγκοσλαβική μουσουλμανική οργάνωση
, Organização Muçulmana Iugoslava
, Jugosłowiańska Organizacja Muzułmańska
, Yugoslav Muslim Organization
, Organisation musulmane yougoslave
, Organización Musulmana Yugoslava
, Organizzazione Musulmana Jugoslava
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