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Yahballaha III (c. 1245–13 November 1317), … Yahballaha III (c. 1245–13 November 1317), known in earlier years as Rabban Marcos (or Markos) or Yahballaha V, was Patriarch of the East from 1281 to 1317. As patriarch, Yahballaha headed the Church of the East during the severe persecutions under the reign of khans Ghazan and his successor Öljaitü. He acknowledged the primacy of the Pope and tried to form a church union, which was rejected by the Nestorian bishops of the Church of the East. A native of Koshang, Marcos traveled with Rabban Bar Sauma, an ascetic Nestorian monk from Mongol-controlled China to Jerusalem, however, due to the war between the Mongols and Mamluks they were prevented to reach the final destination. Patriarch Denha I of the Church of the East recalled them and consecrated Markos as the bishop of Katay and Ong, with the name Mar Yahballaha. However, both of them opted to remain in monasteries in Mosul. Yahballaha's election as the new patriarch of the Church of the East was approved by Abaqa Khan for political reasons and consecrated in 1281 as Yahballaha III. In 1282 Abaqa Khan's brother Tekuder, a convert to Islam succeeded the throne. The Old-Mongol party of Buddhists and Nestorian Christians opposed Tekuder, who started persecuting the Church of the East for siding with the Old-Mongol party and Yahballaha was imprisoned, but his life was saved by Tekuder's Christian mother Qutui Khatun. In 1284, Abaqa Khan's son Arghun became khan, and he held both Yahballaha and Bar Sauma in high esteem. Arghun sought an alliance with Christian Europe against the Muslims in Syria and Egypt and, advised by Yahballaha, sent Bar Sauma for the first East Asian diplomatic mission to Europe in history. After the fall of Acre to Muslims in 1291, the popular opinion in Ilkhanate started to incline towards Islam. The relations between the Church of the East and the khan remained well during the rule of Gaykhatu, Arghun's successor. However, with Arghun's son Ghazan ascendance to the throne, Muslims gained dominance. Ghazan started the persecution of Christians and Yahballaha was again imprisoned. He was ransomed by Hethum II of Armenia. In 1289, Yahballaha allowed the Dominican friar Riccoldo da Monte di Croce to preach among the Nestorians and renounced their heterodoxies. He sought a church union with the Catholic Church in Rome and started negotiations in 1302 by writing to Pope Boniface VIII and Pope Benedict XI in 1304, professing the Catholic faith in the latter letter and acknowledging the pope's primacy over all of Christiandom. However, the union was rejected by the Nestorian bishops. In 1304, Öljaitü succeeded Ghazan and renewed the persecutions against Christians which Yahballaha unsuccessfully tried to end. Yahballaha died in Maragheh in 1317. end. Yahballaha died in Maragheh in 1317.
, 雅巴拉哈三世（英語：Yaballaha III，1245年－1317年11月13日）是東方亞述教會大公牧首，任期由1281年11月2日直至去世。
, Мар Ябалаха III (мирское имя — Маркос; 1245, Кошанг — ноябрь 1317, Мераге) — католикос-патриарх Ассирийской церкви Востока с 1281 по 1317 год.
, Jabalaha III, także Jabalaha Turek (imię świeckie: Markos; 1245–1317) – patriarcha kościoła wschodniego w latach 1281–1317. W młodości odbył pielgrzymkę z Chin do Jerozolimy wraz ze swoim nauczycielem Bar Saumą.
, Yahballaha III (c. 1245-13 de noviembre de … Yahballaha III (c. 1245-13 de noviembre de 1317), conocido en años anteriores como Rabban Marcos o Markos, fue Patriarca de la Iglesia del Oriente desde 1281 hasta 1317. Como Patriarca, Yahballaha encabezó la Iglesia de Oriente durante las severas persecuciones bajo el reinado de Khans Ghazan y su sucesor Öljeitü. Reconoció al Papa e intentó formar una unión eclesiástica, que fue rechazada por los obispos nestorianos de la Iglesia del Oriente. Nacido en Koshang, Marcos viajó con Rabban Bar Sauma, un monje nestoriano asceta de la China controlada por los mongoles a Jerusalén, sin embargo, debido a la guerra entre los mongoles y los mamelucos se les impidió llegar al destino final. El patriarca Denha I de la Iglesia del Oriente los recordó y consagró a Markos como obispo de Katay y Ong, con el nombre de Mar Yahballaha. Sin embargo, ambos optaron por permanecer en los monasterios de Mosul. La elección de Yahballaha como nuevo Patriarca de la Iglesia del Oriente fue aprobada por Abaqa Khan por razones políticas y consagrada en 1281 como Yahballaha III. En 1282, el hermano de Abaqa Khan, Tekuder, un converso al islam, sucedió al trono. El partido antiguo mongol de budistas y cristianos nestorianos se opuso a Tekuder, quien comenzó a perseguir a la Iglesia del Este por ponerse del lado del partido antiguo mongol y Yahballaha fue encarcelado, pero su vida fue salvada por la madre cristiana de Tekuder, Qutui Khatun. En 1284, el hijo de Abaqa Khan, Arghun, se convirtió en khan, y tenía en alta estima tanto a Yahballaha como a Bar Sauma. Arghun buscó una alianza con la Europa cristiana contra los musulmanes en Siria y Egipto y, asesorado por Yahballaha, envió a Bar Sauma para la primera misión diplomática de Asia oriental a Europa en la historia. Después de la caída de Acre ante los musulmanes en 1291, la opinión popular en Ilkhanate comenzó a inclinarse hacia el Islam. Las relaciones entre la Iglesia del Este y el khan se mantuvieron bien durante el gobierno de Gaikhatu, el sucesor de Arghun. Sin embargo, con el ascenso al trono del hijo de Arghun, Ghazan, los musulmanes ganaron dominio. Ghazan inició la persecución de los cristianos y Yahballaha fue nuevamente encarcelado. Fue rescatado por Haitón II de Armenia. En 1289, Yahballaha permitió que el fraile dominico Riccoldo da Monte di Croce predicara entre los nestorianos y renunció a sus heterodoxias. Buscó una unión eclesiástica con la Iglesia católica en Roma y comenzó las negociaciones en 1302 escribiendo al Papa Bonifacio VIII y al Papa Benedicto XI en 1304, profesando la fe católica en la última carta y reconociendo la primacía del Papa sobre todo el cristianismo. Sin embargo, la unión fue rechazada por los obispos nestorianos. En 1304, Öljeitü sucedió a Ghazan y renovó las persecuciones contra los cristianos que Yahballaha intentó poner fin sin éxito. Yahballaha murió en Maragheh en 1317.ito. Yahballaha murió en Maragheh en 1317.
, Yahballaha III ou Jabalaha (1244-1317) fut catholicos de l'Église de l'Orient (dite « Église nestorienne ») de 1281 à 1317.
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A 15th-century miniature depicting Riccoldo da Monte di Croce in the audience before Yahballaha III
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We believe in the holy Roman chief pontiff … We believe in the holy Roman chief pontiff and universal father of all believers in Christ, and confess that he is the successor of the blessed Peter, universal vicar of Jesus Christ over all the sons of the church from east and west; love and affection for whom is fixed in our hearts; and we owe obedience to him, and ask and implore his blessing, and are ready for all his commands, humbly asking and imploring his help in our necessity and tribulations in which we have now been for a long time and still remain. And may the good father not turn away his face from us, since we are all brothers in Christ and his sons through the true catholic faith. his sons through the true catholic faith.
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Yahballaha III (c. 1245–13 November 1317), … Yahballaha III (c. 1245–13 November 1317), known in earlier years as Rabban Marcos (or Markos) or Yahballaha V, was Patriarch of the East from 1281 to 1317. As patriarch, Yahballaha headed the Church of the East during the severe persecutions under the reign of khans Ghazan and his successor Öljaitü. He acknowledged the primacy of the Pope and tried to form a church union, which was rejected by the Nestorian bishops of the Church of the East.storian bishops of the Church of the East.
, Yahballaha III (c. 1245-13 de noviembre de … Yahballaha III (c. 1245-13 de noviembre de 1317), conocido en años anteriores como Rabban Marcos o Markos, fue Patriarca de la Iglesia del Oriente desde 1281 hasta 1317. Como Patriarca, Yahballaha encabezó la Iglesia de Oriente durante las severas persecuciones bajo el reinado de Khans Ghazan y su sucesor Öljeitü. Reconoció al Papa e intentó formar una unión eclesiástica, que fue rechazada por los obispos nestorianos de la Iglesia del Oriente.pos nestorianos de la Iglesia del Oriente.
, Jabalaha III, także Jabalaha Turek (imię świeckie: Markos; 1245–1317) – patriarcha kościoła wschodniego w latach 1281–1317. W młodości odbył pielgrzymkę z Chin do Jerozolimy wraz ze swoim nauczycielem Bar Saumą.
, Yahballaha III ou Jabalaha (1244-1317) fut catholicos de l'Église de l'Orient (dite « Église nestorienne ») de 1281 à 1317.
, Мар Ябалаха III (мирское имя — Маркос; 1245, Кошанг — ноябрь 1317, Мераге) — католикос-патриарх Ассирийской церкви Востока с 1281 по 1317 год.
, 雅巴拉哈三世（英語：Yaballaha III，1245年－1317年11月13日）是東方亞述教會大公牧首，任期由1281年11月2日直至去世。
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Ябалаха III
, Jabalaha III
, Yahballaha III
, 雅巴拉哈三世
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