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ارتكب الجيش السريلانكي ومتمردي حركة نمور ا … ارتكب الجيش السريلانكي ومتمردي حركة نمور التاميل جرائم حرب وجرائم ضد الإنسانية خلال الحرب الأهلية السريلانكية، لا سيما خلال الأشهر الأخيرة من المرحلة الرابعة لحرب إيلام في عام 2009. تضمنت جرائم الحرب الهجمات على المدنيين والمباني المدنية من قبل الجانبين؛ وإعدام مقاتلين وسجناء على يد كلا الجانبين؛ وحالات الاختفاء القسرية على يد الجيش السريلانكي والجماعات شبه العسكرية المدعومة من قبله؛ والنقص الحاد في الغذاء والدواء والمياه النظيفة للمدنيين المحاصرين في منطقة الحرب؛ وتجنيد الأطفال من قبل نمور التاميل. عين الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة (يو إن إس جي) بان كي مون لجنة من الخبراء لتقدم له المشورة بشأن قضية المساءلة حول حدوث انتهاكات مزعومة للقانون الدولي لحقوق الإنسان والقانون الدولي الإنساني في المراحل الأخيرة من الحرب الأهلية، وجدت هذه للجنة «مزاعم موثوقة»، تشير، في حال أثباتها، إلى ارتكاب الجيش السريلانكي ونمور التاميل لجرائم حرب وجرائم ضد الإنسانية. ووجدت اللجنة أيضا أن ما يصل إلى 40 ألف مدني من التاميل ربما قتلوا خلال الأشهر الأخيرة من الحرب الأهلية، وقتل الغالبية العظمى منهم نتيجةً للقصف العشوائي للجيش، دعت اللجنة الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة إلى إجراء تحقيق دولي مستقل في الادعاءات المزعومة بحدوث انتهاكات للقانون الدولي. نفت الحكومة السريلانكية ارتكاب قواتها أي جرائم حرب وعارضت بشدة أي تحقيق دولي. في مارس عام 2014، سمح مجلس حقوق الإنسان التابع للأمم المتحدة بإجراء تحقيق دولي في جرائم الحرب المزعومة. تحظر اتفاقيات جنيف التي وقعت عليها سريلانكا جرائم الحرب. في عام 2002، أنشئت المحكمة الجنائية الدولية (آي سي سي) بموجب نظام روما الأساسي لمحاكمة الأفراد على الجرائم الخطيرة، مثل جرائم الحرب. لم تكن سريلانكا من الدول الموقعة على نظام روما الأساسي. لذلك، لا يمكن للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية التحقيق في جرائم الحرب في سريلانكا ومقاضاة مرتكبيها إلا إذا أحال مجلس الأمن التابع للأمم المتحدة سريلانكا إلى المحكمة الجنائية الدولية، وهو أمر مستبعد. ومع ذلك، يجوز لكل دولة بمفردها التحقيق مع الجناة المزعومين من الخاضعين لسلطتها القضائية ومقاضاتهم، مثل أولئك الذين يحملون جنسية مزدوجة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يطبق عدد من البلدان القضاء العالمي فيما يتعلق بجرائم معينة، مثل جرائم الحرب، ما يسمح لها بمحاكمة الأفراد بغض النظر عن مكان ارتكاب الجريمة وجنسية الجناة وجنسية الضحايا. في 21 مارس عام 2019، شاركت سريلانكا في رعاية قرار أصدرته الأمم المتحدة يمنح البلاد مهلة سنتين لإنشاء آلية قضائية لتقييم انتهاكات القانون الدولي الإنساني المرتكبة أثناء الحرب الأهلية.ولي الإنساني المرتكبة أثناء الحرب الأهلية.
, There were war crimes and crimes against h … There were war crimes and crimes against humanity that were committed by the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Tigers - LTTE) during the Sri Lankan Civil War, particularly during the final months of the Eelam War IV phase in 2009. The war crimes include attacks on civilians and civilian buildings by both sides; executions of combatants and prisoners by both sides; enforced disappearances by the Sri Lankan military and paramilitary groups backed by them; sexual violence by the Sri Lankan military; the systematic denial of food, medicine, and clean water by the government to civilians trapped in the war zone; child recruitment, hostage taking, use of military equipment in the proximity of civilians and use of forced labor by the Tamil Tigers. A panel of experts appointed by United Nations Secretary-General (UNSG) Ban Ki-moon to advise him on the issue of accountability with regard to any alleged violations of international human rights and humanitarian law during the final stages of the civil war found "credible allegations" which, if proven, indicated that war crimes and crimes against humanity were committed by the Sri Lankan military and the Tamil Tigers. It also found that as many as 40,000 Tamil civilians may have been killed in the final months of the civil war, a large majority as a result of indiscriminate army bombardment.The panel has called on the UNSG to conduct an independent international inquiry into the alleged violations of international law. The Sri Lankan government has denied that its forces committed any war crimes and has strongly opposed any international investigation. In March 2014 the United Nations Human Rights Council authorised an international investigation into the alleged war crimes. War crimes are prohibited by the Geneva Conventions, of which Sri Lanka is a signatory. In 2002 the International Criminal Court (ICC) was created by the Rome Statute to prosecute individuals for serious crimes, such as war crimes. Sri Lanka is not a signatory of the Rome Statute. Therefore, it is only possible for the ICC to investigate and prosecute war crimes in Sri Lanka if the UN Security Council was to refer Sri Lanka to the ICC, which is unlikely. However, individual countries may investigate and prosecute alleged culprits over whom they have jurisdiction, such as those with dual-nationality. In addition, a number of countries apply universal jurisdiction in respect of certain crimes, such as war crimes, allowing them to prosecute individuals irrespective of where the crime was committed, the nationality of the culprits and the nationality of the victims. On 21 March 2019 Sri Lanka co-sponsored a resolution made by the UN giving the country a 2-year deadline to establish a judicial mechanism to assess violation of humanitarian international law committed during the civil war.tional law committed during the civil war.
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ارتكب الجيش السريلانكي ومتمردي حركة نمور ا … ارتكب الجيش السريلانكي ومتمردي حركة نمور التاميل جرائم حرب وجرائم ضد الإنسانية خلال الحرب الأهلية السريلانكية، لا سيما خلال الأشهر الأخيرة من المرحلة الرابعة لحرب إيلام في عام 2009. تضمنت جرائم الحرب الهجمات على المدنيين والمباني المدنية من قبل الجانبين؛ وإعدام مقاتلين وسجناء على يد كلا الجانبين؛ وحالات الاختفاء القسرية على يد الجيش السريلانكي والجماعات شبه العسكرية المدعومة من قبله؛ والنقص الحاد في الغذاء والدواء والمياه النظيفة للمدنيين المحاصرين في منطقة الحرب؛ وتجنيد الأطفال من قبل نمور التاميل.الحرب؛ وتجنيد الأطفال من قبل نمور التاميل.
, There were war crimes and crimes against h … There were war crimes and crimes against humanity that were committed by the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Tigers - LTTE) during the Sri Lankan Civil War, particularly during the final months of the Eelam War IV phase in 2009. The war crimes include attacks on civilians and civilian buildings by both sides; executions of combatants and prisoners by both sides; enforced disappearances by the Sri Lankan military and paramilitary groups backed by them; sexual violence by the Sri Lankan military; the systematic denial of food, medicine, and clean water by the government to civilians trapped in the war zone; child recruitment, hostage taking, use of military equipment in the proximity of civilians and use of forced labor by the Tamil Tigers.d use of forced labor by the Tamil Tigers.
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War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War
, جرائم الحرب خلال المراحل الأخيرة من الحرب الأهلية السريلانكية
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