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The Waco Suspension Bridge crosses the Bra … The Waco Suspension Bridge crosses the Brazos River in Waco, Texas. It is a single-span suspension bridge, with a main span of 475 ft (145 m). Opened on November 20, 1869, it contains nearly 3 million bricks. It is located north of downtown Waco, connecting Indian Spring Park (on the southwest side of the river) with Doris D. Miller Park (on the northeast side of the river). Every year on Independence Day, the bridge serves as a place where thousands of locals gather to watch fireworks. Indian Spring Park marks the location of the origin of the town of Waco, where the Huaco Indians had settled on the bank of the river, at the location of a cold spring. Before 1869, crossing the Brazos River was a time-consuming and sometimes dangerous ordeal. The only way to cross the river was by ferry, and due to the location of Waco on the growing Chisholm Trail, local businessmen knew that a bridge was needed to support commerce. For this reason, members of Waco Masonic Lodge #92 proposed the creation of such a bridge and they assigned a committee which would form the Waco Bridge Company, responsible for funding and building the project. A charter was received from the state in 1866. Col. John T. Flint, an Austin lawyer and banker, who had moved to Waco after the war and established a firm named Flint & Chamberlain, went personally to New York to handle the contract for building a bridge. In October 1868, the engineer he hired, Thomas M. Griffith, began to supervise the construction using cables from the Roebling company of Trenton, New Jersey. The logistical and engineering difficulties he encountered were abnormal because of the remote location. Due to lack of machine shops in the Waco area, getting the materials to the building site was a journey in itself. The nearest railroad was 100 miles (160 km) away, and the closest town with artisans with the skills needed was Galveston, over 212 miles (341 km) from the build site. Supplies were loaded onto a steamer in Galveston, and ferried to Bryan. From there, they were loaded onto wagons pulled by oxen. The pothole-filled dirt road from Bryan to Waco was bad, even by 19th-century Texas standards. The twin double towers that anchored the span were considered to be a marvel of engineering at the time, containing nearly 3 million bricks, which were produced locally. The bridge collected its first toll on January 1, 1870. Its 475-foot (145 m) span made it the first major suspension bridge in Texas. The bridge was wide enough for stagecoaches to pass each other, or for cattle to cross one side of the bridge, and humans to cross the other side. Being the only bridge to cross the Brazos at the time, and the primary river crossing for the north-south travel through Texas (including cattle drives on the Chisholm Trail), the cost of building the bridge, which was estimated to be $141,000, was quickly paid back. Tolls were 5 cents per head of cattle that crossed, along with a charge for pedestrian traffic. In 1889, the bridge was sold to McLennan County for $75,000, which removed all tolls. In 1913-1914, major reconstruction occurred on the bridge, replacing the older steel with higher gauge, and trusses were added to accommodate the span to carry heavier weights. This doubled as a new pedestrian walkway. By 1971, the bridge had seen over 100 years of traffic. What started out as a cattle bridge had become a vehicular bridge, and the state historical committee decided that it was time to be retired, with larger and arguably safer bridges being built since the inception of the Waco Suspension Bridge. The bridge, by all accounts, helped to transform Waco from a small frontier town to a major commercial center. Today, the bridge is open to foot traffic only. Beginning in October 2020, the bridge was closed as part of a $12.4 million rehabilitation project that involved replacing the suspension cables that had been installed in 1914, reinforcing the anchors, and replacing the decking. Temporary piers were placed in the river to support the deck while the cables were removed. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and was designated as a Texas Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1971.erican Society of Civil Engineers in 1971.
, Die am 7. Januar 1870 eröffnete Waco Suspe … Die am 7. Januar 1870 eröffnete Waco Suspension Bridge (Waco-Hängebrücke) überspannt den Brazos River in Waco im McLennan County im US-Bundesstaat Texas. Sie war die erste größere Hängebrücke in Texas und galt mit 145 m (475 Foot) Hauptspannweite seinerzeit als größte Hängebrücke westlich des Mississippi. Ursprünglich erfolgte der Viehtrieb aus Texas nach Kansas über den Chisholm Trail an dieser Stelle per Fähre, bis ein Konsortium von Bürgern der Stadt (Mitglieder einer Freimaurerloge) den Brückenbau beschloss. Nach dem Bürgerkrieg 1866 wurde die Brückenbaugesellschaft (Waco Bridge Company) in der Reconstruction Era gegründet und der New Yorker Ingenieur Thomas M. Griffith mit dem Bau beauftragt, der die Kabel von der Firma Roebling in Trenton in New Jersey erhielt. Der Transport des Materials erfolgte von Galveston (Texas) per Schiff nach Bryan (Texas) und von dort auf Ochsenkarren. Im Küstenhafen von Galveston gab es damals auch die einzigen Stahlbau-Betriebe. Der eigentliche Bau erfolgte 1868/69. Die ursprünglich auf 40.000 Dollar geschätzten Kosten wuchsen u. a. wegen Problemen mit der Gründung auf ca. 140.000 Dollar. Die Brücke war breit genug, um zwei Kutschen einander passieren zu lassen (Straßenbreite 5,5 m). Die Hängebrücke hatte zwei charakteristische Doppeltürme, die jeweils mit zwei steinernen Verbindungsbögen verbunden waren. Die Stahlkonstruktion der Seiten bestand aus V-förmigem Fachwerk (Pony Truss).Eine Gebühr für den Viehtrieb und die Passage (rund 25.000 Dollar Einnahmen jährlich) brachte die Baukosten bald wieder ein. Die Gesellschaft hatte nach Fertigstellung ein Monopol auf 25 Jahre für den Bau von Brücken 5 Meilen im Umkreis um Waco, was auch gerichtlich bestätigt wurde. Die Gesellschaft verkaufte die längst amortisierte Brücke 1889 für 75.000 Dollar an das County, womit die Gebühren entfielen. McLennan County verkaufte die Brücke danach für symbolische 1 Dollar an Waco mit der Auflage, dass diese sich künftig um die Instandhaltung kümmerten. Die Brücke trug wesentlich zum Wachstum der Stadt Waco bei. 1913/14 wurde ein Großteil der Stahlkonstruktion einschließlich Kabel ersetzt durch die Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company. Einzig das Mauerwerk der Türme ist noch weitgehend im Original. Heute ist die Brücke ein historisches Monument im National Register of Historic Places (1970) und eine Fußgängerbrücke, die den Indian Spring Park und den Martin Luther King Junior Park verbindet. Vor 1971 rollte auch noch Autoverkehr über die Brücke. Heute ist es zentraler Punkt vieler Feiern in Waco, so auch regelmäßig zum Unabhängigkeitstag. 1902 wurde die als weitere Brücke eröffnet, damals die längste Stahlbrücke der USA mit einem Feldträger. Sie ist ebenfalls historisches Denkmal.r. Sie ist ebenfalls historisches Denkmal.
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The Waco Suspension Bridge crosses the Bra … The Waco Suspension Bridge crosses the Brazos River in Waco, Texas. It is a single-span suspension bridge, with a main span of 475 ft (145 m). Opened on November 20, 1869, it contains nearly 3 million bricks. It is located north of downtown Waco, connecting Indian Spring Park (on the southwest side of the river) with Doris D. Miller Park (on the northeast side of the river). Every year on Independence Day, the bridge serves as a place where thousands of locals gather to watch fireworks. Indian Spring Park marks the location of the origin of the town of Waco, where the Huaco Indians had settled on the bank of the river, at the location of a cold spring.e river, at the location of a cold spring.
, Die am 7. Januar 1870 eröffnete Waco Suspe … Die am 7. Januar 1870 eröffnete Waco Suspension Bridge (Waco-Hängebrücke) überspannt den Brazos River in Waco im McLennan County im US-Bundesstaat Texas. Sie war die erste größere Hängebrücke in Texas und galt mit 145 m (475 Foot) Hauptspannweite seinerzeit als größte Hängebrücke westlich des Mississippi. 1902 wurde die als weitere Brücke eröffnet, damals die längste Stahlbrücke der USA mit einem Feldträger. Sie ist ebenfalls historisches Denkmal.r. Sie ist ebenfalls historisches Denkmal.
|
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Waco Suspension Bridge
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