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| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract | The trans-Mississippi theater of the Ameri … The trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War was the scene of the major military operations west of the Mississippi River. The area is often thought of as excluding the states and territories bordering the Pacific Ocean, which formed the Pacific coast theater of the American Civil War (1861–1865). The campaign classification established by the National Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior is more fine-grained than the one used in this article. Some minor NPS campaigns have been omitted and some have been combined into larger categories. Only a few of the 75 major battles the NPS classifies for this theater are described. Boxed text in the right margin show the NPS campaigns associated with each section. Activity in this theater in 1861 was dominated largely by the dispute over the status of the border state of Missouri. The Missouri State Guard, allied with the Confederacy, won important victories at the Battle of Wilson's Creek and the First Battle of Lexington. However, they were driven back at the First Battle of Springfield. A Union army under Samuel Ryan Curtis defeated the Confederate forces at the Battle of Pea Ridge in northwest Arkansas in March 1862, solidifying Union control over most of Missouri. The areas of Missouri, Kansas, and the Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma) were marked by extensive guerrilla activity throughout the rest of the war, the most well-known incident being the infamous Lawrence massacre in the Unionist town of Lawrence, Kansas of August 1863. In the spring of 1862, Confederate forces pushed north along the Rio Grande River from El Paso, Texas through the New Mexico Territory, but were stopped at the Battle of Glorieta Pass (March 26–28, 1862). In 1863, General Edmund Kirby Smith took command of the Confederate Trans-Mississippi Department, and unsuccessfully tried to relieve the siege of Vicksburg by Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant on the opposite eastern banks of the Mississippi River in the state of Mississippi. As a result of the long campaign, siege, and surrender in July 1863 by Gen. John C. Pemberton, the Union gained control of the entire Mississippi River, splitting the Confederacy. This left the Trans-Mississippi Department almost completely isolated from the rest of the Confederate States to the east. It became nicknamed and known as "Kirby Smithdom", emphasizing the Confederate Government's lack of direct control over the region. In the 1864 Red River Campaign, a U.S. force under Major General Nathaniel P. Banks tried to gain control over northwestern Louisiana, but was thwarted by Confederate troops commanded by Richard Taylor. Price's Raid, an attempt led by Major General Sterling Price to recapture Missouri for the Confederacy, ended when Price's troops were defeated in the Battle of Westport that October. On June 2, 1865, after all other major Confederate armies in the field to the east had surrendered, Kirby Smith officially surrendered his command in Galveston, Texas. On June 23, Stand Watie, who commanded Southern troops in the Indian Territory, became the last Confederate general to surrender.the last Confederate general to surrender. , Le théâtre Trans-Mississippi fut le princi … Le théâtre Trans-Mississippi fut le principal théâtre d'opérations terrestres et navales de la guerre de Sécession à l'ouest du fleuve Mississippi, à l'exclusion des États et Territoires bordant le Pacifique, qui forment le théâtre de la côte pacifique de la guerre de Sécession. La classification des campagnes militaires, établie par le National Park Service, est plus détaillée que celle du présent article, qui omet les campagnes mineures et en regroupe d'autres. Seules quelques-unes des 75 batailles recensées par le National Park Service pour ce théâtre d'opérations sont évoquées ici.ce théâtre d'opérations sont évoquées ici. , O Teatro Trans-Mississippi da Guerra Civil … O Teatro Trans-Mississippi da Guerra Civil Americana consiste nas principais operações militares a oeste do rio Mississippi. A área é muitas vezes pensada como excluindo os estados e territórios que fazem fronteira com o Oceano Pacífico, que formaram o Teatro da Costa do Pacífico da Guerra Civil Americana (1861-1865). A classificação da campanha estabelecida pelo Serviço Nacional de Parques do Departamento do Interior dos Estados Unidos é mais refinada que a usada neste artigo. Algumas campanhas menores do Serviço Nacional de Parques foram omitidas e algumas foram combinadas em categorias maiores. Apenas algumas das 75 principais batalhas classificadas pelo Serviço Nacional de Parques para este teatro são descritas. O texto na caixa na margem direita mostra as campanhas do Serviço Nacional de Parques associadas a cada seção. Atividade neste teatro em 1861 foi dominada em grande parte pela sobre o estado da fronteira do estado de Missouri. A , aliada aos Confederados, conquistou importantes vitórias na Batalha de Wilson's Creek e na . No entanto, eles foram expulsos na . Um Exército da União sob o comando de Samuel Ryan Curtis derrotou as forças Confederadas na , no noroeste de Arkansas, em março de 1862, solidificando o controle da União sobre a maior parte do Missouri. As áreas de Missouri, Kansas e o Território Indígena (atual Oklahoma) foram marcadas por extensas atividades guerrilheiras durante todo o restante da guerra, sendo o incidente mais conhecido o infame Massacre de Lawrence na cidade sob controle da União de Lawrence, Kansas em agosto de 1863 Na primavera de 1862, as forças Confederadas avançaram para o norte ao longo do Rio Grande de El Paso, Texas, através do Território do Novo México, mas foram paradas na (26 a 28 de março de 1862). Em 1863, o general assumiu o comando do e tentou, sem sucesso, libertar o Cerco de Vicksburg pelo general Ulysses S. Grant nas margens orientais opostas do rio Mississippi, em Mississippi. Como resultado da /cerco e rendição em julho de 1863 pelo general , a União ganhou o controle de todo o rio Mississippi, dividindo os Confederados. Isso deixou o Departamento Trans-Mississippi quase completamente isolado do resto dos Estados Confederados para o leste. Tornou-se apelidado e conhecido como "Kirby Smithdom", enfatizando a falta de controle direto do governo Confederado sobre a região. Na de 1864, uma força da União sob o comando do major-general Nathaniel P. Banks tentou obter o controle sobre o noroeste da Luisiana, mas foi impedida por tropas Confederadas comandadas por . A , uma tentativa liderada pelo major-general Sterling Price para recapturar o Missouri para os Confederados, terminou quando as tropas de Price foram derrotadas na Batalha de Westport naquele outubro. Em 2 de junho de 1865, depois que todos os outros grandes exércitos Confederados do campo ao leste haviam se rendido, Kirby Smith entregou oficialmente seu comando em Galveston, no Texas. Em 23 de junho, Stand Watie, que comandou as tropas do Sul do Território Indígena, se tornou o último general Confederado a se render. o último general Confederado a se render. , Трансмиссисипский театр военных действий Г … Трансмиссисипский театр военных действий Гражданской войны в США — акватория реки Миссисипи и прилегающие местности, где в 1862—1864 годах происходили речные и сухопутные сражения между флотилиями и подразделениями армии северян-федералов и южан-конфедератов. Стратегический план первого верховного главнокомандующего вооруженных сил Союза генерала Уинфилда Скотта заключался в том, чтобы, собрав и обучив значительную армию, направить её осенью 1861 года на Средний Запад и овладеть течением реки Миссисипи. Выполнив эту часть плана, северяне рассекали территорию мятежной Конфедерации надвое и лишали её таких важных штатов, как Техас, Луизиана и Арканзас. Учитывая специфику местности — а основной транспортной артерией Запада являлась именно Миссисипи, — флот должен был играть в намечаемых операциях значительную роль. Борьба на Миссисипском театре военных действий в основном заключалась в стремлении северян с помощью корабельной артиллерии и действий пехоты на берегу (в том числе — десантируемой с кораблей) захватить ключевые населённые пункты и укрепления на берегу рек бассейна Миссисипи, и в стремлении южан уничтожить речной флот Союза, дабы восстановить контроль над рекой. В результате с захватом федералами города Виксбурга и получением ими контроля над всем течением Миссисипи положение Конфедерации значительно ухудшилось. Юг утратил контроль над экономикой Огайской долины и над политической элитой этого региона. С открытием коммерческой навигации (под защитой северян) по Миссисипи экономика Огайо, Индианы, Иллинойса и Миссури получила мощный толчок и стала развиваться с удвоенной силой, что способствовало смещению центра симпатий в регионе в сторону федералов. Средний Запад стал юнионистским и в военном, и в политическом смысле. Таким образом, стратегическая операция, в которой одна из главных ролей принадлежала флоту, оказала значительное влияние на ход войны и на политическую ситуацию как внутри Союза, так и Конфедерации.ацию как внутри Союза, так и Конфедерации. , El Teatro Trans-Misisipi de la Guerra Civi … El Teatro Trans-Misisipi de la Guerra Civil Estadounidense es el nombre que engloba las principales operaciones militares al oeste del Río Misisipi. Hay consenso de que esta área excluye los estados y territorios que bordean el Océano Pacífico, que formaron el Teatro de la Costa del Pacífico de la Guerra Civil Estadounidense(1861-1865).la Guerra Civil Estadounidense(1861-1865). , Il Teatro Trans-Mississippi della guerra d … Il Teatro Trans-Mississippi della guerra di secessione americana è costituito dalle principali operazioni militari svoltesi ad Ovest del fiume Mississippi tra il 1861 e il 1865. L'area viene generalmente definita escludendo gli Stati e i Territori confinanti con l'Oceano Pacifico, i quali formano a loro volta il . La classificazione di campagna militare ad esso connesso e stabilita dal National Park Service (NPS) del Dipartimento degli Interni degli Stati Uniti consiste in una descrizione relativamente più particolareggiata di quanto non si possa fare in un'esposizione per forza di cose sommariamente generalizzata. Alcune delle operazioni minori sono state pertanto omesse, mentre alcune altre vengono inserite all'interno di categorie maggiori. Solo alcune delle 75 battaglie principali che il NPS classifica come inerenti a questo Teatro sono ivi descritte. Le varie attività (raid, incursioni, spedizioni ecc, quando non vere e proprie operazioni militari) compiute nell'ambito di questo Teatro nel 1861 vennero in larga parte dominate dalla disputa sorta sopra la condizione dichiarata di "Stato di confine" (vedi Stati cuscinetto nella guerra di secessione americana) del Missouri. La , alleata con gli Stati Confederati d'America, riuscì ad ottenere importanti vittorie durante i primi scontri bellici, innanzitutto nella battaglia di Wilson's Creek e nella prima battaglia di Lexington. Fu tuttavia costretta a ripiegare a seguito della prima battaglia di Springfield. Un esercito dell'Union Army sotto il comando di Samuel Ryan Curtis sconfisse le forze confederate alla battaglia di Pea Ridge nel Nord-ovest dell'Arkansas a marzo del 1862; ciò permise di consolidare e rafforzare il controllo dell'Unione sopra la maggior parte dello Stato federato del Missouri. Le aree del Missouri, del Kansas e del Territorio indiano (l'odierno Oklahoma) furono segnate da un'estesa attività di guerriglia messa in atto principalmente dai sudisti per tutto il corso rimanente del conflitto; l'incidente più noto rimane il perpetrato nella città unionista di Lawrence il 21 agosto 1863. Intanto nella primavera del 1862 le forze confederate provarono a spingersi in direzione Nord lungo le sponde del Rio Grande partendo da El Paso e attraversando il Territorio del Nuovo Messico, ma vennero intercettate e bloccate nella battaglia di Glorieta Pass (26-28 marzo). Nel 1863 il generale confederato Edmund Kirby Smith assunse il comando del "Dipartimento del Trans-Mississippi" e tentò senza alcun successo di alleviare l'assedio di Vicksburg messo in atto dal tenente generale Ulysses S. Grant sulla sponda opposta del fiume Mississippi rispetto alla Louisiana, nello Stato del Mississippi. Come risultato della lunga campagna di Vicksburg, della relativa messa in Stato d'assedio e della conseguente resa per fame della città di Vicksburg il 4 luglio (anniversario del Giorno dell'Indipendenza da parte del suo difensore John Clifford Pemberton, l'Unione ottenne il pieno controllo dell'intero corso d'acqua, dividendo così in due tronconi la Confederazione. La situazione venutasi a creare lasciò il reparto dipartimentale del Trans-Mississippi quasi completamente isolato dal resto degli Stati sudisti posti ad Est; questa condizione diventò nota come "Kirby Smithdom", sottolineando la mancanza di un controllo diretto del governo confederato sull'intera regione. Nella campagna del Red River del 1864 una forza congiunta unionista guidata dal maggior generale Nathaniel Banks cercò invece di ottenere il controllo sulla Louisiana Nord-occidentale, ma venne seriamente ostacolata dalle truppe avversarie comandate da Richar Taylor. Il Raid di Price, un tentativo guidato dal confederato Sterling Price volto a riconquistare il Missouri, terminò quando le sue truppe furono sconfitte nella battaglia di Westport ad ottobre. Il 2 giugno 1865, dopo che tutti gli altri eserciti confederati più importanti nel quadro del Teatro Orientale avevano oramai già definitivamente consegnato le armi e posto così fine alla ribellione, Kirby Smith si arrese ufficialmente dal quartier generale del suo comando a Galveston. Il 23 giugno Stand Watie, che comandò le truppe sudiste nel Territorio indiano, divenne l'ultimo generale confederato ad arrendersi. La guerra di secessione americana era infine terminata anche nel Teatro Trans-Mississippi.minata anche nel Teatro Trans-Mississippi. , 南北戦争のミシシッピ川流域戦線（英:Trans-Mississippi Theate … 南北戦争のミシシッピ川流域戦線（英:Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War）は、アメリカ合衆国のミシシッピ川から西の地域で北軍と南軍が激突した戦線であり、海軍の交戦も含まれる。南北戦争の主戦場となった東部戦線や西部戦線とは地理的に離れていたので、小規模の戦闘が行われただけで、戦争全体の趨勢にはほとんど影響していない。南軍はあちこちで攻勢を試みたが、この方面に大きな戦力を割くことができず、最終的にはテキサス州1州のみが残った。 アメリカ合衆国国立公園局（NPS）によって作られた作戦の分類では、本稿で使うものよりも詳細になっている。NPS分類の小さなものは省略するか、大きな作戦の中に組み込んだ。NPS分類にあるこの戦線での75の戦闘のうちほんの幾つかを記述することになる。んだ。NPS分類にあるこの戦線での75の戦闘のうちほんの幾つかを記述することになる。 |
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| rdfs:comment | Le théâtre Trans-Mississippi fut le princi … Le théâtre Trans-Mississippi fut le principal théâtre d'opérations terrestres et navales de la guerre de Sécession à l'ouest du fleuve Mississippi, à l'exclusion des États et Territoires bordant le Pacifique, qui forment le théâtre de la côte pacifique de la guerre de Sécession. La classification des campagnes militaires, établie par le National Park Service, est plus détaillée que celle du présent article, qui omet les campagnes mineures et en regroupe d'autres. Seules quelques-unes des 75 batailles recensées par le National Park Service pour ce théâtre d'opérations sont évoquées ici.ce théâtre d'opérations sont évoquées ici. , El Teatro Trans-Misisipi de la Guerra Civi … El Teatro Trans-Misisipi de la Guerra Civil Estadounidense es el nombre que engloba las principales operaciones militares al oeste del Río Misisipi. Hay consenso de que esta área excluye los estados y territorios que bordean el Océano Pacífico, que formaron el Teatro de la Costa del Pacífico de la Guerra Civil Estadounidense(1861-1865).la Guerra Civil Estadounidense(1861-1865). , O Teatro Trans-Mississippi da Guerra Civil … O Teatro Trans-Mississippi da Guerra Civil Americana consiste nas principais operações militares a oeste do rio Mississippi. A área é muitas vezes pensada como excluindo os estados e territórios que fazem fronteira com o Oceano Pacífico, que formaram o Teatro da Costa do Pacífico da Guerra Civil Americana (1861-1865).ico da Guerra Civil Americana (1861-1865). , The trans-Mississippi theater of the Ameri … The trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War was the scene of the major military operations west of the Mississippi River. The area is often thought of as excluding the states and territories bordering the Pacific Ocean, which formed the Pacific coast theater of the American Civil War (1861–1865).ter of the American Civil War (1861–1865). , Трансмиссисипский театр военных действий Г … Трансмиссисипский театр военных действий Гражданской войны в США — акватория реки Миссисипи и прилегающие местности, где в 1862—1864 годах происходили речные и сухопутные сражения между флотилиями и подразделениями армии северян-федералов и южан-конфедератов. Учитывая специфику местности — а основной транспортной артерией Запада являлась именно Миссисипи, — флот должен был играть в намечаемых операциях значительную роль. В результате с захватом федералами города Виксбурга и получением ими контроля над всем течением Миссисипи положение Конфедерации значительно ухудшилось.жение Конфедерации значительно ухудшилось. , Il Teatro Trans-Mississippi della guerra d … Il Teatro Trans-Mississippi della guerra di secessione americana è costituito dalle principali operazioni militari svoltesi ad Ovest del fiume Mississippi tra il 1861 e il 1865. L'area viene generalmente definita escludendo gli Stati e i Territori confinanti con l'Oceano Pacifico, i quali formano a loro volta il . Intanto nella primavera del 1862 le forze confederate provarono a spingersi in direzione Nord lungo le sponde del Rio Grande partendo da El Paso e attraversando il Territorio del Nuovo Messico, ma vennero intercettate e bloccate nella battaglia di Glorieta Pass (26-28 marzo). battaglia di Glorieta Pass (26-28 marzo). , 南北戦争のミシシッピ川流域戦線（英:Trans-Mississippi Theate … 南北戦争のミシシッピ川流域戦線（英:Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War）は、アメリカ合衆国のミシシッピ川から西の地域で北軍と南軍が激突した戦線であり、海軍の交戦も含まれる。南北戦争の主戦場となった東部戦線や西部戦線とは地理的に離れていたので、小規模の戦闘が行われただけで、戦争全体の趨勢にはほとんど影響していない。南軍はあちこちで攻勢を試みたが、この方面に大きな戦力を割くことができず、最終的にはテキサス州1州のみが残った。 アメリカ合衆国国立公園局（NPS）によって作られた作戦の分類では、本稿で使うものよりも詳細になっている。NPS分類の小さなものは省略するか、大きな作戦の中に組み込んだ。NPS分類にあるこの戦線での75の戦闘のうちほんの幾つかを記述することになる。んだ。NPS分類にあるこの戦線での75の戦闘のうちほんの幾つかを記述することになる。 |
| rdfs:label | Théâtre Trans-Mississippi de la guerre de Sécession , Teatro Trans-Mississippi della guerra di secessione americana , Трансмиссисипский театр военных действий Гражданской войны в США , ミシシッピ川流域戦線 , Teatro Trans-Mississippi da Guerra Civil Americana , Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War , Teatro Trans-Misisipi |
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