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العظايا الحاصدة (تسمية ثنائية:†Therizinosa … العظايا الحاصدة (تسمية ثنائية:†Therizinosauridae) هي فصيلة من الديناصورات وحشية الأرجل المنقرضة التي تعود بقايا أحافيرها إلى الفترة من منتصف إلى أواخر العصر الطباشيري (100 إلى 70 ميا). على الرغم من أنه تم العثور على حفريات تمثيلية فقط في جميع أنحاء الصين ومنغوليا والولايات المتحدة، يُعتقد أن نطاق تواجد العظايا الحاصدة قد امتد إلى حد كبير ليشمل قارة لوراسيا العظمى في ذروته.تم تسمية العظايا الحاصدة بناءا على خاصية وجود يحمل مخلب كبير غير عادي (يشبه أداة الحصاد) لدى عدد من الأعضاء في المجموعة هذه. أدت هذه الميزة إلى القليل من التبصر حول بيئة التي عاشت فيها هذه الفصيلة ولا يزال الغرض من المخلب مجهولًا. تشمل الجوانب البارزة الأخرى لوظائف الأعضاء في هذه الحيوانات الحوض المعدل والأطراف الخلفية القوية والأذن الداخلية القريبة من تلك التي للطيور. علاوة على ذلك، يعتقد أن المجموعة الأكبر التي تحتوي هذه الفصيلة أي فوق فصيلة قريبات العظايا الحاصدة هي المجموعة الأولى التي تم فيها توثيق تواجد الريش البسيط. كما ركزت الأبحاث على العظايا الحاصدة على الكشف عن المزيد عن البيئة الفريدة وعلم أحياء الحفريات للفصيلة. ركز جزء لا بأس به من الأبحاث الحديثة على أنماط تغذية هذه الديناصورات حيث تعتبر أفضل مرشح لظهور الحيوانات العاشبة داخل وحشيات الأرجل. في حين أن العديد من الأصنوفات ذات الصلة الوثيقة هي من آكلات اللحوم فمن المعتقد أن أعضاء قريبات العظايا الحاصدة بما في ذلك العظايا الحاصدة تفرقوا واعتمدوا أسلوب تغذية إما كقوارت أو كآكلات اللحوم.ا أسلوب تغذية إما كقوارت أو كآكلات اللحوم.
, I Therizinosauridae (il cui nome significa … I Therizinosauridae (il cui nome significa 'lucertole falce') sono una famiglia estinta di dinosauri teropodi therizinosauroidi vissuti nel Cretaceo superiore, circa 96-66 milioni di anni fa (Cenomaniano-Maastrichtiano), i cui resti fossili sono stati ritrovati in Asia e in Nord America, sebbene si ritiene che la loro distribuzione coprisse gran parte del supercontinente Laurasia, sulla base di diverse impronte e resti isolati in Europa e in Africa. Therizinosauridae venne nominata nel 1954 da Evgeny Maleev in riferimento ai grandi unguali (ossa degli artigli) della specie tipo, Therizinosaurus cheloniformis. I terizinosauridi erano generalmente animali di grandi dimensioni, dalla struttura robusta comparabile con quella dei grandi bradipi terricoli. I generi più grandi del gruppo sono Therizinosaurus e Segnosaurus, con una lunghezza, rispettivamente, di circa 10 metri e 7 metri. La fisiologia dei terizinosauridi include un ventre ampio e arrotondato supportato da un bacino ampio e robusto con spessi arti posteriori sorreto da un piede a quattro dita, braccia lunghe e robuste, mani dotate di una maggiore flessibilità rispetto a quelle degli altri teropodi, artigli allungati e un altamente derivati, ed un orecchio interno quasi aviario. Altri tratti che li distinguevano dagli altri teropodi, erano i lunghi colli, un becco cheratinoso prominente ed una dentatura simile a quella dei prosauropodi che differisce da quella di qualsiasi altro teropode. Inoltre, si stima che i terizinosauridi avessero piume più avanzate rispetto ai terizinosauri primitivi, come Beipiaosaurus o . Le caratteristiche uniche e bizzarre di questo gruppo hanno incoraggiato la ricerca sulla paleobiologia e la paleoecologia su questa famiglia. Una buona parte della ricerca moderna si è concentrata sui come questi dinosauri si nutrissero, essendo tra teropodi meglio adattati ad una dieta erbivora. Mentre altri gruppi di teropodi erano completamente carnivori, i membri di Therizinosauridae si scostarono da quest'ultimi, adottando uno stile di vita erbivoro e forse onnivoro. Ciò è supportato dalla loro insolita morfologia. Come indicato dalla morfologia dei loro piedi e da diverse impronte provenienti da Asia, Africa ed Europa, questi dinosauri erano, probabilmente, camminatori plantigradi, sebbene ciò sia ancora sotto dibattito. I terizinosauridi erano ovipari e nidificavano in colonie, come indicato dal ritrovamento di diversi nidi posti gli uni vicino agli altri. In effetti, le uova di terizinosauro sono particolarmente comuni nelle formazioni del Cretaceo superiore, principalmente in Asia. La oofamiglia Dendroolithidae è spesso attribuita a dinosauri di grado terizinosauride. Alcune delle prime uova di dendroolitidi furono trovate nelle Formazioni Bayan Shireh e Nanchao. A causa delle loro caratteristiche così insolite, i paleontologi, inizialmente, non avevano idea di come risolvere la tassonomia di questi animali. Nel corso degli anni vennero proposte diverse classificazioni alternative (come la denominazione di Segnosauridae, nel 1979) fino a quando non sono stati descritti esemplari più completi e altri taxa negli anni '90, che li hanno confermati come teropodi. Molte delle caratteristiche condivise all'interno del gruppo hanno anche dimostrato che Segnosauridae era un sinonimo junior della famiglia Therizinosauridae, essendo stata nominata prima. L'attuale consenso filogenetico è che i terizinosauridi si siano evoluti da piccoli dinosauri maniraptori simili ad uccelli, rientrando così nel clade coelurosauriano chiamato Maniraptora. Inoltre, la maggior parte dei tratti dei terizinosauridi (come la struttura dell'orecchio interno) vennero ereditati da antenati più piccoli, agili e carnivori. Ampie analisi filogenetiche hanno concluso che all'interno di Maniraptora, i terizinosauri sono stati i primi di cinque gruppi principali a divergere dal ramo principale.rincipali a divergere dal ramo principale.
, Les Therizinosauridae forment une famille … Les Therizinosauridae forment une famille de dinosaures théropodes herbivores vivant lors du Crétacé supérieur. Les fossiles ont été trouvés en Mongolie, en Chine et aux États-Unis. Leur principale caractéristique était leurs grandes griffes, dont celles de Therizinosaurus qui pouvaient atteindre une longueur de 70 centimètres. atteindre une longueur de 70 centimètres.
, 鐮刀龍科（Therizinosauridae）意為「鐮刀蜥蜴」是獸腳亞目鐮刀龍超科的一科。鐮刀龍科是群草食性或肉食性的動物，生存於白堊紀晚期，化石已在中國、蒙古、美國等地發現。
, Therizinosauridae či terizinosauridi („ješ … Therizinosauridae či terizinosauridi („ještěři s kosou“, podle dlouhých drápů) byli poněkud zvláštní skupinou teropodních dinosaurů. Šlo zřejmě o druhotné všežravce nebo býložravce s dlouhými drápy na předních končetinách a neobvyklým tvarem těla. Žili na území dnešní Číny, Mongolska a USA, v budoucnu však mohou být jejich zkameněliny objeveny také jinde. Největším zástupcem byl nominotypický rod Therizinosaurus z Mongolska, který mohl dosahovat délky kolem 12 metrů a hmotnosti přes 5 tun. Jak ukázaly fosilie čínského rodu Beipiaosaurus, někteří zástupci skupiny byli také opeření. Terizinosauři se vesměs podobali jakýmsi velkým pozemním lenochodům s mohutnou břišní dutinou, stále však patří mezi relativně málo prozkoumané teropody. mezi relativně málo prozkoumané teropody.
, Therizinosaurider (Therizinosauridae), tid … Therizinosaurider (Therizinosauridae), tidigare även kallade Segnosaurider är en familj dinosaurier tillhörande ordningen Theropoder. Vidare tillhör de överfamiljen . Lämningar av dem har hittats i Centralasien och Nordamerika. De levde under kritaperioden och tycks ha överlevt fram tills massautdöendet för 65 miljoner år sedan då alla dinosaurier (bortsett från fåglar som numer anses vara överlevande dinosaurier) dog ut. Familjen namngavs 1954. Efter att tidigare ha klassats som Carnosaurier (en av två underordningar theropoder) klassas de nu i den andra gruppen -Coelurosaurier och de anses vara nära släkt med moderna fåglar. anses vara nära släkt med moderna fåglar.
, Теризинозавриди (Therizinosauridae) — родина рослиноїдних або всеїдних тероподових динозаврів, що належать до групи Therizinosauroidea. Викопні рештки теризинозавридів були виявлені у відкладеннях від середньої до пізньої крейди в Монголії, Китаї і США.
, Теризинозавриды (лат. Therizinosauridae) — семейство растительноядных или всеядных динозавров-тероподов из надсемейства Therizinosauroidea. Ископаемые остатки теризинозаврид были обнаружены в отложениях мелового периода в Монголии, Китае и США.
, Terizinozaury (Therizinosauridae) – rodzina wymarłych, nietypowych, prawdopodobnie wszystkożernych dinozaurów umieszczana zazwyczaj w podrzędzie teropodów.
, Els terizinosàurids (Therizinosauridae) constitueixen una família de dinosaures teròpodes herbívors o omnívors. Les restes fòssils de terizinosàurids s'han trobat en els dipòsits del Cretaci mitjà-superior de Mongòlia, Xina, i Estats Units.
, De Therizinosauridae zijn een groep dinosa … De Therizinosauridae zijn een groep dinosauriërs behorende tot de groep van de Therizinosauroidea. In 1954 benoemde Malejew een familie Therizinosauridae om Therizinosaurus een plaats te geven. De eerste definitie als klade was van Paul Sereno in 1998: alle soorten nauwer verwant aan Erlikosaurus dan aan Ornithomimus. In 1999 sloot Sereno voor de zekerheid ook Oviraptor en de Neornithes uit. In 2001 kwam Zhang met een geheel andere definitie: de groep bestaande uit de laatste gemeenschappelijke voorouder van Segnosaurus galbinensis, Erlikosaurus andrewsi, brevispinus en Therizinosaurus cheloniformis en al zijn afstammelingen. Dit is de meest gebruikelijke gebleven en werd in 2005 door Sereno geformaliseerd door het inderdaad vermelden van de soortnamen. Een alternatieve definitie is uit 2004 door Clark die als ankers alleen Therizinosaurus en Erlikosaurus gebruikt, ervan uitgaande dat de laatste vorm het meest basaal is. De groep bestaat uit grote therizinosauroïden uit het Krijt van Azië, die volledig gespecialiseerd lijken te zijn voor een herbivore levenswijze. Hun verwantschap was door hun sterk gespecialiseerde aanpassingen eerst zeer omstreden; Gregory S. Paul dacht nog in 1988 dat het late prosauropoden waren. in 1988 dat het late prosauropoden waren.
, Therizinosauridae (meaning 'scythe lizards … Therizinosauridae (meaning 'scythe lizards') is a family of derived (advanced) therizinosauroid dinosaurs whose fossil remains have been found in mostly Late Cretaceous boundary. Even though representative fossils have only been found throughout Asia and North America, the range of Therizinosauridae is believed to have spanned much of the supercontinent of Laurasia based on several footprints and isolated remains on Europe and Africa. Therizinosauridae compromises currently seven described and named taxa. Therizinosauridae was named in 1954 by paleontologist Evgeny Maleev after the large, claw-bearing unguals of the type species Therizinosaurus cheloniformis. Therizinosaurids were generally large and very robustly built animals that had a near convergent body plan with the more recent (and also extinct) ground sloths. The largest genera of the group are Therizinosaurus and Segnosaurus, which were about 10 m (33 ft) and 7 m (23 ft) long, respectively. The physiology of therizinosaurids include a broad and rounded belly supported by a wide and robust pelvis with thick hind-limbs composed of very sout, four-toed feet, a strong arm build with enhanced hand flexibility, elongated hand claws, and a highly derived, nearly avian inner-ear. Traits that are also well-known include an elongated neck, a prominent keratinous beak and a prosauropod-like dentition that differs from all theropods. In addition, therizinosaurids are estimated to have had more advanced feathers in comparison to primitive therizinosaurs (Beipiaosaurus or Jianchangosaurus). The unique and bizarre features of the group has encouraged research into the paleobiology and paleoecology of the family. A fair portion of modern research has concentrated on the feeding-patterns of these dinosaurs, as they are considered to be the best regarded theropod candidates for herbivory. While other theropod groups are fully carnivorous, members of Therizinosauridae diverged and adopted an herbivorous and possibly omnivorous lifestyle. This is even more supported by their unusual morphology. As indicated by their feet morphology and several footprints from Asia, Africa and Europe, they probably were plantigrade walkers, but further examination may be required. Therizinosaurids were oviparous animals that nested in colonies and laid egg clutches. In fact, therizinosaur eggs are particularly common on Late Cretaceous formations, mainly in Asia. The oofamily Dendroolithidae is often attributed to therizinosaur-grade dinosaurs. Some of the first dendroolithid eggs were found on the Bayan Shireh and Nanchao formations. Their relationships were confusing and obscure on the early years of research mainly because of the unusual traits among members. Several alternative classifications were proposed (such as the naming of Segnosauridae in 1979) until more complete specimens and other taxa were described during the 1990s, which confirmed them as theropods. Many of the shared characters within the group also showed that Segnosauridae was a junior synonym of the much earlier family Therizinosauridae. The current phylogenetic consensus is that therizinosaurids evolved from small, bird-like maniraptorans, and thus they fall within the coelurosaurian clade called Maniraptora. Moreover, most of the traits of therizinosaurids (such as the ear structure) were inherited by smaller, agile, carnivorous ancestors. Extensive phylogenetic analyses have concluded that within Maniraptora, therizinosaurs were the first of five major groups to diverge.the first of five major groups to diverge.
, Los tericinosáuridos (Therizinosauridae, g … Los tericinosáuridos (Therizinosauridae, gr. "lagartos guadaña") son una familia de dinosaurios terópodos tericinosaurianos, que vivieron en el Cretácico superior (hace aproximadamente 96 y 66 millones de años, desde el Turoniense al Maastrichtiense), en lo que hoy es Asia y Norteamérica.se), en lo que hoy es Asia y Norteamérica.
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Erlikosaurus dentary teeth
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Cranium of Erlikosaurus and hemimandibles from Segnosaurus and Erlikosaurus
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*Erliansaurus
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Genera
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(Ryan & Rusell, 2001)
*Nanshiungosauridae
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Therizinosaurus cheloniformis
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| rdfs:comment |
Los tericinosáuridos (Therizinosauridae, g … Los tericinosáuridos (Therizinosauridae, gr. "lagartos guadaña") son una familia de dinosaurios terópodos tericinosaurianos, que vivieron en el Cretácico superior (hace aproximadamente 96 y 66 millones de años, desde el Turoniense al Maastrichtiense), en lo que hoy es Asia y Norteamérica.se), en lo que hoy es Asia y Norteamérica.
, De Therizinosauridae zijn een groep dinosa … De Therizinosauridae zijn een groep dinosauriërs behorende tot de groep van de Therizinosauroidea. In 1954 benoemde Malejew een familie Therizinosauridae om Therizinosaurus een plaats te geven. De eerste definitie als klade was van Paul Sereno in 1998: alle soorten nauwer verwant aan Erlikosaurus dan aan Ornithomimus. In 1999 sloot Sereno voor de zekerheid ook Oviraptor en de Neornithes uit. In 2001 kwam Zhang met een geheel andere definitie: de groep bestaande uit de laatste gemeenschappelijke voorouder van Segnosaurus galbinensis, Erlikosaurus andrewsi, brevispinus en Therizinosaurus cheloniformis en al zijn afstammelingen. Dit is de meest gebruikelijke gebleven en werd in 2005 door Sereno geformaliseerd door het inderdaad vermelden van de soortnamen. Een alternatieve definitie is uit 2namen. Een alternatieve definitie is uit 2
, Therizinosauridae či terizinosauridi („ješ … Therizinosauridae či terizinosauridi („ještěři s kosou“, podle dlouhých drápů) byli poněkud zvláštní skupinou teropodních dinosaurů. Šlo zřejmě o druhotné všežravce nebo býložravce s dlouhými drápy na předních končetinách a neobvyklým tvarem těla. Žili na území dnešní Číny, Mongolska a USA, v budoucnu však mohou být jejich zkameněliny objeveny také jinde.ýt jejich zkameněliny objeveny také jinde.
, Les Therizinosauridae forment une famille … Les Therizinosauridae forment une famille de dinosaures théropodes herbivores vivant lors du Crétacé supérieur. Les fossiles ont été trouvés en Mongolie, en Chine et aux États-Unis. Leur principale caractéristique était leurs grandes griffes, dont celles de Therizinosaurus qui pouvaient atteindre une longueur de 70 centimètres. atteindre une longueur de 70 centimètres.
, Therizinosaurider (Therizinosauridae), tid … Therizinosaurider (Therizinosauridae), tidigare även kallade Segnosaurider är en familj dinosaurier tillhörande ordningen Theropoder. Vidare tillhör de överfamiljen . Lämningar av dem har hittats i Centralasien och Nordamerika. De levde under kritaperioden och tycks ha överlevt fram tills massautdöendet för 65 miljoner år sedan då alla dinosaurier (bortsett från fåglar som numer anses vara överlevande dinosaurier) dog ut. Familjen namngavs 1954. Efter att tidigare ha klassats som Carnosaurier (en av två underordningar theropoder) klassas de nu i den andra gruppen -Coelurosaurier och de anses vara nära släkt med moderna fåglar. anses vara nära släkt med moderna fåglar.
, Теризинозавриды (лат. Therizinosauridae) — семейство растительноядных или всеядных динозавров-тероподов из надсемейства Therizinosauroidea. Ископаемые остатки теризинозаврид были обнаружены в отложениях мелового периода в Монголии, Китае и США.
, Теризинозавриди (Therizinosauridae) — родина рослиноїдних або всеїдних тероподових динозаврів, що належать до групи Therizinosauroidea. Викопні рештки теризинозавридів були виявлені у відкладеннях від середньої до пізньої крейди в Монголії, Китаї і США.
, Terizinozaury (Therizinosauridae) – rodzina wymarłych, nietypowych, prawdopodobnie wszystkożernych dinozaurów umieszczana zazwyczaj w podrzędzie teropodów.
, 鐮刀龍科（Therizinosauridae）意為「鐮刀蜥蜴」是獸腳亞目鐮刀龍超科的一科。鐮刀龍科是群草食性或肉食性的動物，生存於白堊紀晚期，化石已在中國、蒙古、美國等地發現。
, Therizinosauridae (meaning 'scythe lizards … Therizinosauridae (meaning 'scythe lizards') is a family of derived (advanced) therizinosauroid dinosaurs whose fossil remains have been found in mostly Late Cretaceous boundary. Even though representative fossils have only been found throughout Asia and North America, the range of Therizinosauridae is believed to have spanned much of the supercontinent of Laurasia based on several footprints and isolated remains on Europe and Africa. Therizinosauridae compromises currently seven described and named taxa. currently seven described and named taxa.
, Els terizinosàurids (Therizinosauridae) constitueixen una família de dinosaures teròpodes herbívors o omnívors. Les restes fòssils de terizinosàurids s'han trobat en els dipòsits del Cretaci mitjà-superior de Mongòlia, Xina, i Estats Units.
, العظايا الحاصدة (تسمية ثنائية:†Therizinosa … العظايا الحاصدة (تسمية ثنائية:†Therizinosauridae) هي فصيلة من الديناصورات وحشية الأرجل المنقرضة التي تعود بقايا أحافيرها إلى الفترة من منتصف إلى أواخر العصر الطباشيري (100 إلى 70 ميا). على الرغم من أنه تم العثور على حفريات تمثيلية فقط في جميع أنحاء الصين ومنغوليا والولايات المتحدة، يُعتقد أن نطاق تواجد العظايا الحاصدة قد امتد إلى حد كبير ليشمل قارة لوراسيا العظمى في ذروته.تم تسمية العظايا الحاصدة بناءا على خاصية وجود يحمل مخلب كبير غير عادي (يشبه أداة الحصاد) لدى عدد من الأعضاء في المجموعة هذه. أدت هذه الميزة إلى القليل من التبصر حول بيئة التي عاشت فيها هذه الفصيلة ولا يزال الغرض من المخلب مجهولًا. تشمل الجوانب البارزة الأخرى لوظائف الأعضاء في هذه الحيوانات الحوض المعدل والأطراف الخلفية القوية والأذن الداخلية القريبة من تلك التي للطيور. علاوة على ذلك، يعتقد أن المجموعة الأكبر التي تحتوي هذلك، يعتقد أن المجموعة الأكبر التي تحتوي هذ
, I Therizinosauridae (il cui nome significa … I Therizinosauridae (il cui nome significa 'lucertole falce') sono una famiglia estinta di dinosauri teropodi therizinosauroidi vissuti nel Cretaceo superiore, circa 96-66 milioni di anni fa (Cenomaniano-Maastrichtiano), i cui resti fossili sono stati ritrovati in Asia e in Nord America, sebbene si ritiene che la loro distribuzione coprisse gran parte del supercontinente Laurasia, sulla base di diverse impronte e resti isolati in Europa e in Africa.nte e resti isolati in Europa e in Africa.
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| rdfs:label |
Terizinozaury
, 鐮刀龍科
, عظايا حاصدة
, Теризинозавриды
, Therizinosauridae
, Therizinosaurider
, Terizinosàurids
, Теризинозавриди
|
