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谢尔曼白银采购法案（Sherman Silver Purchase Act）是一项美 … 谢尔曼白银采购法案（Sherman Silver Purchase Act）是一项美国联邦法律，颁布于1890年7月14日。 这项措施没有批准自由和无限制的银币制度，未能满足支持者的要求；然而，它将要求政府按月采购的银量提高到450万盎司。 谢尔曼白银采购法案是为了应对农民和矿工利益集团日益增长的不满而通过。农民由于生产过剩负债累累，通货紧缩更使债务难以还清。他们敦促政府通过谢尔曼白银采购法案以提振经济引发通货膨胀，使其能够以更廉价的美元偿还债务。 同时矿业公司已从西部矿井采掘了大量白银，导致供给过剩银价下跌，而且经常会低于采掘白银的赢利点。他们希望争取政府提高对白银的需求。 最初该法案只被称为1890年白银采购法案。法案被签署成为法律之后，才变成了“谢尔曼白银采购法案”。 参议员约翰·谢尔曼，俄亥俄州共和党人及参议院财政委员会主席，并不是该法案的作者。但在国会两院通过法案，法案送往参议院/众议院会议委员会来处理该法案在参众两院版本间的差异时，参议员约翰·谢尔曼使会议委员会得以对法案的最终草案达成一致。 虽然如此，当会议委员会对最终版本达成一致时，谢尔曼发现他并不赞同法案中许多条款。 当总统本杰明·哈里森问及他对法案的看法时，谢尔曼的支持不温不火。谢尔曼只会在“安全”的时候冒险，如果总统签署该法案那就不会有什么损害。 该法案与1890年的麦金莱关税一同颁布。 俄亥俄州共和党人、众议院筹款委员会主席威廉·麦金莱和约翰·谢尔曼合作创建这个一揽子提议，既能通过参议院又能获得总统批准。 根据该法案，美国联邦政府采购数百万盎司白银，并相应发行纸币。它成为世界第二大买主，紧随英国王室在印度的采购其后，因为印度卢比是以白银而非黄金支持的。除了在1878年要求的400万盎司采购量上再加200万以外，现在美国政府每月需要采购额外450万盎司银条。 该法要求财政部发行财政部（铸币）券来购买白银，此券可以兑换白银或黄金。这个计划事与愿违，因为人们（大多是投资者）会用这种新铸币券赎回金美元，从而消耗政府的黄金储备。1893年恐慌爆发后，总统格罗弗·克利夫兰监督废除该法以防止黄金储备枯竭。 1890年银价跌至每盎司1.16美元，年底则降至0.69美元。1894年12月价格下降到0.60美元。1895年11月1日，美国铸币厂停止生产银币，政府关闭了新奥尔良铸币厂。银行不再鼓励使用银美元。1月1日，美国铸币厂停止生产银币，政府关闭了新奥尔良铸币厂。银行不再鼓励使用银美元。
, La Sherman Silver Purchase Act (ley Sherma … La Sherman Silver Purchase Act (ley Sherman de compra de plata) es una ley federal votada por el Congreso de los Estados Unidos en 1890 para intentar relanzar la economía y generar algo de inflación.La ley fue promulgada el 14 de julio de 1890. La medida no autorizó la acuñación libre e ilimitada de plata que pretendían los partidarios del movimiento por la Plata Libre; sin embargo, aumentó la cantidad de plata que el gobierno debía comprar mensualmente de forma recurrente a 4.5 millones de onzas. La Ley Sherman de Compra de Plata se aprobó en respuesta a las crecientes quejas de los intereses de los agricultores y mineros. Los agricultores tenían inmensas deudas que no podían pagar debido a la deflación, e instaron al gobierno a aprobar la Ley Sherman de Compra de Plata para impulsar la economía y provocar inflación, permitiéndoles pagar sus deudas con dólares más baratos. Las compañías mineras, por su parte, habían extraído grandes cantidades de plata de las minas del oeste; el exceso de oferta resultante hizo bajar el precio de su producto, a menudo por debajo del punto en el que la plata podía extraerse de forma rentable. Esperaban conseguir que con esta ley el gobierno aumentara la demanda de plata.l gobierno aumentara la demanda de plata.
, The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was a Unit … The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was a United States federal law enacted on July 14, 1890. The measure did not authorize the free and unlimited coinage of silver that the Free Silver supporters wanted; however, it increased the amount of silver the government was required to purchase on a recurrent monthly basis to 4.5 million ounces. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act had been passed in response to the growing complaints of farmers' and miners' interests. Farmers had immense debts that could not be paid off due to deflation, and they urged the government to pass the Sherman Silver Purchase Act in order to boost the economy and cause inflation, allowing them to pay their debts with cheaper dollars. Mining companies, meanwhile, had extracted vast quantities of silver from western mines; the resulting oversupply drove down the price of their product, often to below the point at which the silver could be profitably extracted. They hoped to enlist the government to increase the demand for silver. Originally, the bill was simply known as the Silver Purchase Act of 1890. Only after the bill was signed into law did it become the "Sherman Silver Purchase Act." Senator John Sherman, an Ohio Republican and chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, was not the author of the bill, but once both houses of Congress had passed the Act and the Act had been sent to a Senate/House conference committee to iron out differences between the Senate and House versions of the Act, Senator John Sherman was instrumental in getting the conference committee to reach agreement on a final draft of the Act. Nonetheless, once agreement on the final version was reached in the conference committee, Sherman found that he disagreed with many sections of the act. So tepid was Sherman's support that when he was asked his opinion of the act by President Benjamin Harrison, Sherman ventured only that the bill was "safe" and would cause no harm if the President signed it. The act was enacted in tandem with the McKinley Tariff of 1890. William McKinley, an Ohio Republican and chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee worked with John Sherman to create a package that could both pass the Senate and receive the President's approval. Under the Act, the federal government purchased millions of ounces of silver, with issues of paper currency. It became the second-largest buyer in the world, after the British Crown in India, where the Indian rupee was backed by silver rather than gold. In addition to the $2 million to $4 million that had been required by the Bland–Allison Act of 1878, the US government was now required to purchase an additional 4.5 million ounces of silver bullion every month. The law required the Treasury to buy the silver with a special issue of Treasury (Coin) Notes that could be redeemed for either silver or gold. The result was the substantial expansion in the volume of circulating dollars without a proportionate growth in the gold stock. The crash in the silver dollar's bullion value in the 1890s from 80 cents to approximately 50 cents increased public anxiety on their continued ability to convert silver dollars and banknotes into gold. The result was a run on the Treasury's gold stock and the onset of the Panic of 1893. President Grover Cleveland then oversaw the repeal of the act to prevent the further depletion of the government's gold reserves. In 1890, the price of silver dipped to $1.16 per ounce. By the end of the year, it had fallen to $0.69. By December 1894, the price had dropped to $0.60. On November 1, 1895, US mints halted production of silver coins, and the government closed the Carson City Mint. Banks discouraged the use of silver dollars. In fact, the years 1893–95 had the lowest productions of Morgan dollars for the entire series, creating several scarce coins.ire series, creating several scarce coins.
, Sherman Silver Purchase Act (ang. Ustawa S … Sherman Silver Purchase Act (ang. Ustawa Shermana o zakupie srebra) – ustawa z 14 lipca 1890 uchwalona przez Kongres Stanów Zjednoczonych, zastępująca Bland-Allison Act z 1878. Nazwana od ówczesnego Sekretarza Skarbu Johna Shermana. Zobowiązywała Departament Skarbu Stanów Zjednoczonych do skupu 4,5 mln uncji (około 127 ton) srebra co miesiąc, płacąc za nie banknotami wymienialnymi zarówno na srebro, jak i złoto. Prezydent USA Grover Cleveland w 1893 nakłonił Kongres do odwołania ustawy, gdyż federalne zapasy złota w ciągu trzech lat spadły blisko dwukrotnie.ciągu trzech lat spadły blisko dwukrotnie.
, Le Sherman Silver Purchase Act est une loi … Le Sherman Silver Purchase Act est une loi fédérale votée par le congrès des États-Unis en 1890, à l'initiative du président Grover Cleveland, pour tenter de relancer l'économie quitte à générer un peu d'inflation et enrayer la dépréciation des cours de l'argent-métal. dépréciation des cours de l'argent-métal.
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The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was a Unit … The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was a United States federal law enacted on July 14, 1890. The measure did not authorize the free and unlimited coinage of silver that the Free Silver supporters wanted; however, it increased the amount of silver the government was required to purchase on a recurrent monthly basis to 4.5 million ounces. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act had been passed in response to the growing complaints of farmers' and miners' interests. Farmers had immense debts that could not be paid off due to deflation, and they urged the government to pass the Sherman Silver Purchase Act in order to boost the economy and cause inflation, allowing them to pay their debts with cheaper dollars. Mining companies, meanwhile, had extracted vast quantities of silver from western mines; the resties of silver from western mines; the res
, Le Sherman Silver Purchase Act est une loi … Le Sherman Silver Purchase Act est une loi fédérale votée par le congrès des États-Unis en 1890, à l'initiative du président Grover Cleveland, pour tenter de relancer l'économie quitte à générer un peu d'inflation et enrayer la dépréciation des cours de l'argent-métal. dépréciation des cours de l'argent-métal.
, Sherman Silver Purchase Act (ang. Ustawa S … Sherman Silver Purchase Act (ang. Ustawa Shermana o zakupie srebra) – ustawa z 14 lipca 1890 uchwalona przez Kongres Stanów Zjednoczonych, zastępująca Bland-Allison Act z 1878. Nazwana od ówczesnego Sekretarza Skarbu Johna Shermana. Zobowiązywała Departament Skarbu Stanów Zjednoczonych do skupu 4,5 mln uncji (około 127 ton) srebra co miesiąc, płacąc za nie banknotami wymienialnymi zarówno na srebro, jak i złoto. Prezydent USA Grover Cleveland w 1893 nakłonił Kongres do odwołania ustawy, gdyż federalne zapasy złota w ciągu trzech lat spadły blisko dwukrotnie.ciągu trzech lat spadły blisko dwukrotnie.
, 谢尔曼白银采购法案（Sherman Silver Purchase Act）是一项美 … 谢尔曼白银采购法案（Sherman Silver Purchase Act）是一项美国联邦法律，颁布于1890年7月14日。 这项措施没有批准自由和无限制的银币制度，未能满足支持者的要求；然而，它将要求政府按月采购的银量提高到450万盎司。 谢尔曼白银采购法案是为了应对农民和矿工利益集团日益增长的不满而通过。农民由于生产过剩负债累累，通货紧缩更使债务难以还清。他们敦促政府通过谢尔曼白银采购法案以提振经济引发通货膨胀，使其能够以更廉价的美元偿还债务。 同时矿业公司已从西部矿井采掘了大量白银，导致供给过剩银价下跌，而且经常会低于采掘白银的赢利点。他们希望争取政府提高对白银的需求。 最初该法案只被称为1890年白银采购法案。法案被签署成为法律之后，才变成了“谢尔曼白银采购法案”。 参议员约翰·谢尔曼，俄亥俄州共和党人及参议院财政委员会主席，并不是该法案的作者。但在国会两院通过法案，法案送往参议院/众议院会议委员会来处理该法案在参众两院版本间的差异时，参议员约翰·谢尔曼使会议委员会得以对法案的最终草案达成一致。 虽然如此，当会议委员会对最终版本达成一致时，谢尔曼发现他并不赞同法案中许多条款。 当总统本杰明·哈里森问及他对法案的看法时，谢尔曼的支持不温不火。谢尔曼只会在“安全”的时候冒险，如果总统签署该法案那就不会有什么损害。支持不温不火。谢尔曼只会在“安全”的时候冒险，如果总统签署该法案那就不会有什么损害。
, La Sherman Silver Purchase Act (ley Sherman de compra de plata) es una ley federal votada por el Congreso de los Estados Unidos en 1890 para intentar relanzar la economía y generar algo de inflación.La ley fue promulgada el 14 de julio de 1890.
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Sherman Silver Purchase Act
, 谢尔曼白银采购法案
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