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http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract The Second Desmond Rebellion (1579–1583) wThe Second Desmond Rebellion (1579–1583) was the more widespread and bloody of the two Desmond Rebellions in Ireland launched by the FitzGerald Dynasty of Desmond in Munster against English rule. The second rebellion began in July 1579 when James FitzMaurice FitzGerald landed in Ireland with a force of Papal troops, triggering an insurrection across the south of Ireland on the part of the Desmond dynasty, their allies, and others who were dissatisfied for various reasons with English government of the country. The rebellion ended with the 1583 death of Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond, and the defeat of the rebels. The rebellion was in equal part a protest by feudal lords against the intrusion of central government into their domains; a conservative Irish reaction to English policies that were altering traditional Gaelic society; and a religious conflict, in which the rebels claimed that they were upholding Catholicism against a Protestant queen who had been pronounced a heretic in 1570 by the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis. The result of the rebellions was the destruction of the Desmond dynasty and the subsequent Munster Plantations – the colonisation of Munster with English settlers. In addition, the fighting laid waste to a large part of the south of Ireland. War-related famine and disease are thought to have killed up to a third of Munster's pre-war population.o a third of Munster's pre-war population. , Ba é an Dara Éirí Amach i nDeasumhain (157Ba é an Dara Éirí Amach i nDeasumhain (1579-1583) an t-éirí amach b’fhairsing agus b’fhuilteach den dá cheann i nDeasmhumhain, a thosaigh ríshliocht Mhic Gearailt Dheasmhumhan i gCúige Mumhan, Éire, in aghaidh fhorlámhas coimhthíoch na Sasanach in Éirinn. Thosaigh an dara éirí amach seo i mí Iúil na bliana 1579, nuair a tháinig Séamus Mac Muiris Mac Gearailt i dtír in Éirinn, agus fórsa de chuid arm an Phápa ina theannta aige. Spreag an eachtra seo éirí amach fud fad dheisceart na tíre, i measc iadsan a bhí báúil do ríshliocht Mhic Gearailt agus a bhí míshásta le Rialtas Shasana sa tír ar chúiseanna éagsúla. Nuair a tháinig an troid chun deiridh, bhí na ceannaircí cloíte, agus bhí Gearóid Mac Gearailt, an 15ú hIarla Dheasmhumhan, básaithe. Bhí cúiseanna éagsúla leis an reibiliún agus iad go léir chomh suntasach céanna, lena n-áirítear: * gearán na n-iarlaí feodacha in aghaidh ionsá nó cur isteach an Rialtais lárnaigh (Londain) ar a gcuid gnóthaí; * freagairt choimeádacha na nÉireannach in aghaidh polasaithe na Sasanach, a bhí ag tabhairt dúshlán do shochaí traidisiúnta na nGael; * agus cosaint an Chaitliceachais in éadan rialach Bhanríona Protastúnaí a bhí tar éis a bheith fógartha ina heiriceach in 1570 sa bhulla de chuid an Phápa, Regnans in Excelcis. Mar thoradh ar theip an dá éirí amach, tharla léirscrios ar ríshliocht Dheasmhumhan agus plandáladh na críocha siúd le coilínigh ó Shasana ina dhiaidh sin - Plandáil na Mumhan - sa bhliain 1585. Chomh maith leis sin, rinneadh cuid mhaith d'uachtar na hÉireann a bhánú faoin am gur stad an troid. Ceaptar go bhfuair suas le trian de dhaonra na Mumhan bás de dheasca gorta agus galair ar thorthaí den chogadh iad.a agus galair ar thorthaí den chogadh iad. , Drugie powstanie Desmondów (irl. Dara ÉiríDrugie powstanie Desmondów (irl. Dara Éirí Amach i nDeasmumhain) 1579-1583 r. Drugie powstanie Desmondów rozpoczęło się w roku 1579 uderzeniem sił Jamesa Fitzmaurice'a Fitzgeralda na Munster. Podczas swojego azylu w Europie Maurice zabiegał o poparcie dla katolickich Irlandczyków w walce z rządem Elżbiety I. Pomoc uzyskał m.in. od papieża, który wsparł go pieniędzmi i oddziałami wojska. W lipcu 1579 r. Fitzgerald wylądował w Dingle w towarzystwie licznych oficerów, 700 hiszpańskich żołnierzy oraz oddziału włoskiego. Krótko potem dołączyły do niego siły Johna Fitzgeralda i inne klany galijskie, a także Gerald (Earl of Desmond), który – pomimo że początkowo nie przystąpił do powstania – został uznany przez Anglików zdrajcą. Już na początku walk śmierć poniósł James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald. Po jego śmierci rebelię kontynuowali Gerald i John Fitzgerald. Zajęli oni m.in. miasta Youghal i Kinsale, pustosząc okolice zamieszkane przez Anglików i ich sprzymierzeńców. W roku 1580 rebelianci dowodzeni przez jednego z przywódców galijskich Fiacha MacHugh O'Byrne'a i Lorda Baltinglassa uderzyli na Leinster. Licząca 3000 ludzi armia angielska pod wodzą Earla Greya de Wiltona dostała się w pułapkę i została zniszczona w . Zginęło 800 Anglików. Zwycięstwo Irlandczyków było jednak krótkotrwałe. Wojska angielskie pod wodzą Ormondów przywróciły kontrolę nad południowym wybrzeżem Irlandii. Zniszczono ziemie Desmondów, zabijając wielu członków tego rodu. W wyniku , głównej kwatery Desmondów nad rzeką Shannon, udaremniono rebeliantom pomoc wojsk hiszpańskich. Posiłki papieskie w sile 600 żołnierzy zostały osaczone w jednym z zamków w okolicach Smerwick (hrabstwo Kerry), a następnie zmasakrowane. Stosując politykę spalonej ziemi, Anglikom udało się w końcu zdławić rebelię. W roku 1581 skapitulowała większość sił popierających Fitzgeralda w Munsterze. Fitzgerald do końca ścigany był przez Anglików. W latach 1581-1583 trwały utarczki partyzanckie. W listopadzie 1583 r. rebelia ostatecznie zakończyła się po tym, jak Earl został zamordowany przez członków klanu O'Moriarty'ego. Przywódca klanu w podziękowaniu otrzymał 1000 funtów w srebrze od rządu angielskiego, głowa Desmonda została natomiast wystawiona triumfalnie na miejskich murach Cork. W trakcie i po upadku powstania na terenach objętych walkami doszło do wybuchu zarazy. Wielu ludzi cierpiało głód. W samym roku 1582 miało umrzeć z tego powodu około 30 000 ludzi. Do roku 1589 w Munsterze pozostała przy życiu zaledwie 1/3 ludności. Earl Grey de Wilton, z powodu swoich brutalnych rządów został przez królową Elżbietę zdymisjonowany. Oba powstania Desmondów określane są jako punkt zwrotny w historii Irlandii. Władza Gerladinów została złamana a Munster zasiedlono angielskimi osadnikami. Ostatecznie kampania irlandzka Tudorów zakończona została w wyniku wojny dziewięcioletniej w Ulsterze.wyniku wojny dziewięcioletniej w Ulsterze.
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rdfs:comment Ba é an Dara Éirí Amach i nDeasumhain (157Ba é an Dara Éirí Amach i nDeasumhain (1579-1583) an t-éirí amach b’fhairsing agus b’fhuilteach den dá cheann i nDeasmhumhain, a thosaigh ríshliocht Mhic Gearailt Dheasmhumhan i gCúige Mumhan, Éire, in aghaidh fhorlámhas coimhthíoch na Sasanach in Éirinn. Bhí cúiseanna éagsúla leis an reibiliún agus iad go léir chomh suntasach céanna, lena n-áirítear: Mar thoradh ar theip an dá éirí amach, tharla léirscrios ar ríshliocht Dheasmhumhan agus plandáladh na críocha siúd le coilínigh ó Shasana ina dhiaidh sin - Plandáil na Mumhan - sa bhliain 1585.in - Plandáil na Mumhan - sa bhliain 1585. , Drugie powstanie Desmondów (irl. Dara ÉiríDrugie powstanie Desmondów (irl. Dara Éirí Amach i nDeasmumhain) 1579-1583 r. Drugie powstanie Desmondów rozpoczęło się w roku 1579 uderzeniem sił Jamesa Fitzmaurice'a Fitzgeralda na Munster. Podczas swojego azylu w Europie Maurice zabiegał o poparcie dla katolickich Irlandczyków w walce z rządem Elżbiety I. Pomoc uzyskał m.in. od papieża, który wsparł go pieniędzmi i oddziałami wojska. W lipcu 1579 r. Fitzgerald wylądował w Dingle w towarzystwie licznych oficerów, 700 hiszpańskich żołnierzy oraz oddziału włoskiego. Krótko potem dołączyły do niego siły Johna Fitzgeralda i inne klany galijskie, a także Gerald (Earl of Desmond), który – pomimo że początkowo nie przystąpił do powstania – został uznany przez Anglików zdrajcą.ia – został uznany przez Anglików zdrajcą. , The Second Desmond Rebellion (1579–1583) wThe Second Desmond Rebellion (1579–1583) was the more widespread and bloody of the two Desmond Rebellions in Ireland launched by the FitzGerald Dynasty of Desmond in Munster against English rule. The second rebellion began in July 1579 when James FitzMaurice FitzGerald landed in Ireland with a force of Papal troops, triggering an insurrection across the south of Ireland on the part of the Desmond dynasty, their allies, and others who were dissatisfied for various reasons with English government of the country. The rebellion ended with the 1583 death of Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond, and the defeat of the rebels. of Desmond, and the defeat of the rebels.
rdfs:label Second Desmond Rebellion , II powstanie Desmondów , Dara Éirí Amach i nDeasumhain
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