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The Rommel myth, or the Rommel legend, is … The Rommel myth, or the Rommel legend, is a phrase used by a number of historians for the common depictions of German field marshal Erwin Rommel as an apolitical, brilliant commander and a victim of Nazi Germany due to his presumed participation in the 20 July plot against Adolf Hitler, which led to Rommel's forced suicide in 1944. According to these historians, who take a critical view of Rommel, such depictions are not accurate. The description of Rommel as a brilliant commander started in 1941, with Rommel's participation, as a component of Nazi propaganda to praise the Wehrmacht and instill optimism in the German public. It was picked up and disseminated in the West by the British war-time press as the Allies sought to explain their continued inability to defeat the Axis forces in North Africa: the genius of Rommel was used by dissenters to protest against social inequality within the British army and by leaders like Churchill to reduce class tensions. Following the war, the Western Allies, and particularly the British, depicted Rommel as the "good German" and "our friend Rommel", adhering closely to the tenets of the myth of the clean Wehrmacht. His reputation for conducting a clean war was used in the interests of West German rearmament during the Cold War and the reconciliation between the former enemies—the United Kingdom and the United States on one side, and the new Federal Republic of Germany on the other. The 1950 biography Rommel: The Desert Fox and the 1953 publication of The Rommel Papers added to the myth, which has proven resilient to critical examination. This reevaluation has produced new interpretations of Rommel, including his relationship with Nazism, his abilities as an operational and strategic level commander, and his role in the 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler. Historians and commentators conclude that Rommel remains an ambiguous figure, not easily definable either inside or outside the myth.finable either inside or outside the myth.
, 롬멜 신화(독일어: Mythos Rommel, 영어: Rommel myth) … 롬멜 신화(독일어: Mythos Rommel, 영어: Rommel myth)란 수많은 역사가들이 사용하는 구절의 하나로서, 독일 국방군 야전원수 에르빈 롬멜이 정치중립적인 군인이었으며 지휘관으로서는 천재적이었고 7월 20일 음모에 관여한 것 때문에 아돌프 히틀러에게 죽은 나치 독일의 희생자이기까지 하다는 통념을 말한다. 이러한 신화는 본래 독일 국민들에게 전황에 대한 낙관론을 확산시키고자 했던 의 일환으로 만들어진 것이며, 롬멜 본인도 그 탄생에 참여했다. 1941년 이후 북아프리카 전역에서 독일군에게 연패하고 있던 영국군이 패배의 원인을 아프리카 군단 군단장 롬멜의 능력에서 찾게 되면서 롬멜 명장설은 서방 연합국에까지 전염되었다. 전쟁이 끝난 뒤 서방, 특히 영국이 롬멜을 “선한 독일인”, “우리 친구 롬멜”이라고 부르며 찬양했다. 깨끗한 전쟁을 했다는 롬멜의 평판은 소련에 맞서 과거의 적들인 영미와 서독이 동맹을 맺고 서독을 재무장시키는 조류를 타고 더욱 흥하였다. 이러한 전후 롬멜 신화의 기본 문헌은 1950년에 나온 《사막의 여우 롬멜》과 1953년에 나온 《롬멜 문건》이라고 할 수 있으며, 그 이후로 계속 롬멜에게 무비판적인 문헌들이 나오면서 신화는 유지되었다. 역사적 맥락 속에서 롬멜이라는 인물을 보다 정확하게 파악하고자 하는 시도들에도 불구하고 롬멜 신화는 탄력적으로 대응하며 아직 국방군 무오설처럼 완전히 폐기되지는 않고 있다. 롬멜 신화 비판은 주로 두 가지 방향에서 진행되는데, 하나는 롬멜이 사단장급 돌격대장일 뿐 전략적 식견이 부족한 인물로서 그 평가에는 거품이 끼어 있다는 능력 면에서의 비판이고, 다른 하나는 롬멜이 통념과 달리 나치 지도부와 친밀했다는 윤리 면에서의 비판이다.하나는 롬멜이 통념과 달리 나치 지도부와 친밀했다는 윤리 면에서의 비판이다.
, Il mito di Rommel, o la leggenda di Rommel … Il mito di Rommel, o la leggenda di Rommel, è un'espressione usata da alcuni storici per riferirsi alla concezione (corrente sia nella cultura popolare che in varie opere accademiche) del Feldmaresciallo tedesco Erwin Rommel, raffigurato come comandante apolitico, brillante e vittima del Terzo Reich a causa della sua partecipazione all’attentato del 20 luglio 1944 contro Adolf Hitler. Secondo tali storici, detta concezione non è corretta. Il mito fu creato, con la partecipazione di Rommel, come componente della propaganda nazista per elogiare la Wehrmacht e per instillare ottimismo nell'opinione pubblica tedesca. A partire dal 1941, fu acquisito e diffuso in Occidente dalla stampa di guerra del Regno Unito, per spiegare l'incapacità degli Alleati a sconfiggere le forze dell’Asse in Nordafrica. Dopo la guerra, gli Alleati, e particolarmente nel Regno Unito, dipinsero Rommel come il “buon Tedesco” e “il nostro amico Rommel”, ciò anche in correlazione all'altro mito della Wehrmacht pulita. La sua reputazione di aver condotto una "guerra pulita" fu usata nell’interesse del riarmo della Germania Ovest durante la Guerra Fredda e della riconciliazione tra gli ex-nemici – il Regno Unito e gli USA da un lato, e la nuova Repubblica Federale Tedesca dall’altro. La biografia Rommel: The Desert Fox del 1950 e la pubblicazione di The Rommel Papers nel 1953 aggiunsero ulteriori strati al mito, che si è dimostrato resistente all'esame critico. Negli ultimi decenni del XX secolo e nel XXI la mitologia che circonda Rommel è stata oggetto di analisi da parte di storici di lingua inglese e tedesca. Il riesame ha prodotto nuove interpretazioni di Rommel, sulla sua relazione col nazionalsocialismo, la sua abilità come comandante a livello operativo e strategico e il suo effettivo ruolo nell'attentato del 20 luglio 1944 mirante ad assassinare Hitler. Storici e commentatori concludono che quella di Rommel resta una figura ambigua di difficile valutazione.a figura ambigua di difficile valutazione.
, خرافة روميل، أو أسطورة روميل، هي عبارة يست … خرافة روميل، أو أسطورة روميل، هي عبارة يستخدمها عدد من المؤرخين للتصوير العام للمشير الألماني إرفين روميل على أنه قائد عسكري غير سياسي بارع وضحية من ضحايا ألمانيا النازية بسبب مشاركته المزعومة في مؤامرة 20 يوليو ضد أدولف هتلر، ما أدى إلى انتحاره القسري في عام 1944. وفقًا لهؤلاء المؤرخين، الذين يمتلكون وجهة نظر ناقدة لروميل، مثل هذه التصورات يُعدّ دقيقًا. بدأ وصف روميل كقائد بارع في عام 1941، حين شارك روميل، كجزء من الدعاية النازية للإشادة بالفيرماخت وغرس التفاؤل لدى الجمهور الألماني. لقد جُمع ونُشر في الغرب من قبل الصحافة البريطانية في زمن الحرب في الوقت الذي سعى فيه الحلفاء إلى توضيح عجزهم المستمر عن هزيمة قوات المحور في شمال إفريقيا: استُخدمت عبقرية روميل من قبل المتمردين للاحتجاج على عدم المساواة الاجتماعية داخل الجيش البريطاني ومن قبل قادة مثل تشرشل للحد من التوترات الطبقية. في أعقاب الحرب، وصف الحلفاء الغربيون، وخاصة البريطانيون، روميل بأنه «الألماني الجيد» و «صديقنا روميل»، متمسكين بأمانة بمبادئ أسطورة الفيرماخت النظيف. استُخدمت سمعته في إدارة الحرب النظيفة لأهداف إعادة تسليح ألمانيا الغربية خلال الحرب الباردة والمصالحة بين الأعداء السابقين -المملكة المتحدة والولايات المتحدة من جانب، وجمهورية ألمانيا الاتحادية الجديدة من ناحية أخرى. أُضيفت السيرة الذاتية المكتوبة عام 1950 روميل: ثعلب الصحراء ومنشورات عام 1953 من أوراق روميل إلى الأسطورة، التي أثبتت مرونتها في الفحص النقدي. كانت الميثولوجيا المحيطة بروميل موضوع التحليل في العقود الأخيرة. أنتجت إعادة التقييم تفسيرات جديدة لروميل، بما في ذلك علاقته بالنازية، وقدراته كقائد على مستوى العمليات والاستراتيجية، ودوره في مؤامرة 20 يوليو لاغتيال هتلر. يستنتج المؤرخون والمعلقون أن روميل لا يزال شخصية غامضة، لا يمكن تعريفها بسهولة داخل أو خارج الأسطورة.يمكن تعريفها بسهولة داخل أو خارج الأسطورة.
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Il mito di Rommel, o la leggenda di Rommel … Il mito di Rommel, o la leggenda di Rommel, è un'espressione usata da alcuni storici per riferirsi alla concezione (corrente sia nella cultura popolare che in varie opere accademiche) del Feldmaresciallo tedesco Erwin Rommel, raffigurato come comandante apolitico, brillante e vittima del Terzo Reich a causa della sua partecipazione all’attentato del 20 luglio 1944 contro Adolf Hitler. Secondo tali storici, detta concezione non è corretta. storici, detta concezione non è corretta.
, خرافة روميل، أو أسطورة روميل، هي عبارة يست … خرافة روميل، أو أسطورة روميل، هي عبارة يستخدمها عدد من المؤرخين للتصوير العام للمشير الألماني إرفين روميل على أنه قائد عسكري غير سياسي بارع وضحية من ضحايا ألمانيا النازية بسبب مشاركته المزعومة في مؤامرة 20 يوليو ضد أدولف هتلر، ما أدى إلى انتحاره القسري في عام 1944. وفقًا لهؤلاء المؤرخين، الذين يمتلكون وجهة نظر ناقدة لروميل، مثل هذه التصورات يُعدّ دقيقًا.قدة لروميل، مثل هذه التصورات يُعدّ دقيقًا.
, The Rommel myth, or the Rommel legend, is … The Rommel myth, or the Rommel legend, is a phrase used by a number of historians for the common depictions of German field marshal Erwin Rommel as an apolitical, brilliant commander and a victim of Nazi Germany due to his presumed participation in the 20 July plot against Adolf Hitler, which led to Rommel's forced suicide in 1944. According to these historians, who take a critical view of Rommel, such depictions are not accurate. Rommel, such depictions are not accurate.
, 롬멜 신화(독일어: Mythos Rommel, 영어: Rommel myth) … 롬멜 신화(독일어: Mythos Rommel, 영어: Rommel myth)란 수많은 역사가들이 사용하는 구절의 하나로서, 독일 국방군 야전원수 에르빈 롬멜이 정치중립적인 군인이었으며 지휘관으로서는 천재적이었고 7월 20일 음모에 관여한 것 때문에 아돌프 히틀러에게 죽은 나치 독일의 희생자이기까지 하다는 통념을 말한다. 이러한 신화는 본래 독일 국민들에게 전황에 대한 낙관론을 확산시키고자 했던 의 일환으로 만들어진 것이며, 롬멜 본인도 그 탄생에 참여했다. 1941년 이후 북아프리카 전역에서 독일군에게 연패하고 있던 영국군이 패배의 원인을 아프리카 군단 군단장 롬멜의 능력에서 찾게 되면서 롬멜 명장설은 서방 연합국에까지 전염되었다. 롬멜 신화 비판은 주로 두 가지 방향에서 진행되는데, 하나는 롬멜이 사단장급 돌격대장일 뿐 전략적 식견이 부족한 인물로서 그 평가에는 거품이 끼어 있다는 능력 면에서의 비판이고, 다른 하나는 롬멜이 통념과 달리 나치 지도부와 친밀했다는 윤리 면에서의 비판이다.하나는 롬멜이 통념과 달리 나치 지도부와 친밀했다는 윤리 면에서의 비판이다.
|
| rdfs:label |
خرافة روميل
, 롬멜 신화
, Mito di Rommel
, Rommel myth
|
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, http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Wehrmacht +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nazism +
|
