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A recap sequence (or recap, often announce … A recap sequence (or recap, often announced as "Previously on...") is a narrative device used by many television series to bring the viewer up to date with the current events of the stories' plot. It is usually a short (between 20 and 40 seconds) montage of important scenes cut directly from previous episodes, usually short bursts of dialogue, which serve to lay the background for the following episode. These devices are predominantly seen on episodic series where every installment furthers the plot, but otherwise are used for plot arcs, that is, when an episode is going to pick up on a storyline initiated several episodes ago. A recap will almost always be present in an episode that picks up from a cliffhanger. Recap sequences are most prevalent in dramatic television series (though daytime serials are usually excluded) and reality programs, whereas situation comedies and other scripted genres typically use recap sequences only for two-part or in rare cases, multi-part episodes. These montages are inserted as the first thing into an episode so that viewers who had not seen the previous episodes or who do not remember what happened can understand from where the current episode will begin, also so that the viewers may decide to catch up on missed episodes, usually buying the DVDs. They usually begin with a voiceover or subtitle proclaiming, "Last week on... [the show's name]", "Last night on... [the show's name]", "Previously on... [the show's name]" or "Last time on... [the show's name]". Many shows have begun to use a main character's voice for this voiceover rather than a neutral narrator (Chuck), and some series such as Boston Legal and Stargate Atlantis alternate which main character says "Previously on... [the show's name]". Some shows also have a full season recap sequence that usually begins with "This season on... [the show's name]". On the Fox show 24, the main character, Jack Bauer's voiceover "Previously on 24..." is followed by scenes from prior episodes of the current season, not necessarily from the very last episode, that concern major plot points of the current episode. This was carried over into 24: The Game, where, once a player completes a mission, all cutscenes prior to that mission can be viewed in the manner of the TV show. The playable scenes are not shown, as the player is given the opportunity to replay them to get a higher score. On the NBC show ER, main cast members rotate turns saying the phrase "Previously on ER..." which is then followed by scenes from previous episodes which are pertinent to the current episode. In some cases, the scene leading up to the previous episode's ending is shown instead of a montage. This was common on British television shows from the 1950s to 1990s, although now most adopt a recap montage. An example of this is Doctor Who, which during its original run (1963–1989) used the final scene of the previous episode to begin the next, whereas from the series relaunch (2005–present) the recaps are made up of a collection of short clips. Recaps are also used for several soap operas, most notably in Australia. The Australian prison soap opera Prisoner (commonly known as Prisoner: Cell Block H) used a recap sequence throughout its eight-season run. In the early years it only showed the final scene of the previous episode before the opening credits. However, in later years it began to show several select cuts from the previous episode during the recap sequence, often, a new scene would directly follow the recap before the opening credits. In the early years of Australian soaps Home and Away, Neighbours and Sons and Daughters a recap showed directly after the opening credits, which may have been confusing for viewers who would have started watching them, not realizing they were viewing a recap sequence and not a new opening scene. The layout was changed in later years as recaps for Home and Away and Neighbours started before the credits, but currently they again show after the credits in such a way not to confuse the viewer. British soap operas, apart from Hollyoaks, do not use a recap sequence, however, they may be relevant. In the English dubs of various episodic anime series that were edited for time or censorship reasons, recaps are sometimes extended or introduced where they did not exist originally, to cover any shortfalls in running time. Some examples where this occurs are Robotech, the FUNimation English dub of Dragon Ball Z, and the 4Kids English-language version of One Piece. The original Japanese version of One Piece did not always have recaps, though many episodes did have recaps as the first scene following the opening credits. There is some debate as to whether these recaps should be considered as part of the episode whole. Some home video and DVD releases of shows that use recaps include them, some do not, and some seem to randomly use or omit them for different episodes within the same collection. A few also place the segment as a full chapter that can easily be skipped if the viewer is viewing the series in a marathon form. The format and treatment of recaps may also vary depending on the commissioning broadcaster. For example, while most HBO series have recaps before each episode when aired on linear television, the recaps are usually treated as distinct from the episode proper, airing prior to the content rating card and HBO "static angel" production logo. On streaming (i.e. HBO Max) and other releases like DVDs, these recaps are usually excluded from the episode video, but are sometimes provided as bonus content. Recaps can also refer to entire episodes, where such explain a backstory or plot point the viewer has not seen up to that point. These such episodes usually happen after a plot twist, for the recap to explore what lead up to that point that the viewer does not know. that point that the viewer does not know.
, Il riassunto delle puntate precedenti o il riassunto degli episodi precedenti è un meccanismo narrativo utilizzato in molte fiction televisive per ricordare allo spettatore gli eventi passati della trama che hanno condotto alla situazione corrente.
, Рекап (сокр. от англ. recapitulation — ито … Рекап (сокр. от англ. recapitulation — итог) в сериалах со сквозным сюжетом — повтор уже показанного материала. Часто следует в начале серии, предваряется текстом «Ранее в сериале». Бывает, что рекап оформляется как воспоминания персонажа о произошедшем ранее или как обзор сюжета от третьего лица. В аниме рекап может быть отдельной серией или включается в новый материал. В данном случае рекап выступает в качестве филлера.случае рекап выступает в качестве филлера.
, Una seqüència de recapitulació (o recap no … Una seqüència de recapitulació (o recap només, normalment anunciada a través del "Prèviament a..." o "En capítols anteriors") és una estratègia narrativa utilitzada per moltes sèries de televisió per tal que l'espectador recordi els successos recents de la trama de la història que està sent explicada. Normalment té una curta durada (d'entre 20 a 40 segons) i es tracta d'un muntatge de les escenes més importants de capítols anteriors juxtaposades, normalment amb poc diàleg i que serveixen per crear un context pel capítol que hi ha a continuació. Aquest tipus d'estratègies són freqüents en les sèries quan aquestes estan interessades en fer ús d'un , és a dir, quan un episodi reprendrà l'argument que s'ha iniciat en un capítol de fa temps. Una recapitulació serà normalment present, per tant, en un episodi que reprengui una deixada en suspens (cliffhanger). És per aquest motiu que és més usual trobar-les a sèries dramàtiques i programes de telerealitat o reality show, mentre que en comèdies i altres gèneres apareixerà si la trama ho requereix (com, per exemple, en un episodi dividit en dues parts). Aquests muntatges estan inserits a la primera part del capítol, abans que aquest començi, per tal que aquells espectadors que no havíen vist l'episodi previ o que no recorden què va passar puguin entendre des d'on parteix el nou capítol. A més, també serveix perquè l'espectador senti ganes de veure capítols que havia decidit saltar-se. Solen començar amb una veu en off o un subtítol que anuncia "Prèviament a..."[nom de la sèrie o programa] o "En capítols anteriors...". Moltes altres sèries també comencen utilitzant la veu d'un dels personatges en comptes de la d'un narrador neutre, i altres com ara Boston Legal fan que justament aquest personatge digui "Recentment a...". Un exemple d'aquesta tècnica és la sèrie catalana Merlí, on abans de cada capítol observem un petit resum a mode de muntatge amb el subtítol de "En capítols anteriors...". Un altre exemple que utilitza una frase diferent és Glee, on després de veure tota la recapitulació una veu en off (la mateixa que ens ha anat explicant el que pasava mentre se succeïen les escenes) exclama "and that's what you missed on Glee!" (i això és tot el que et vas perdre a Glee). En alguns casos, l'escena de deixada en suspens de l'episodi previ és la que comença el següent capítol, en comptes de la recapitulació. Aquesta altra tècnica era utilitzada normalment a sèries britàniques des dels anys 50 fins als 90, tot i que avui dia la majoria han adoptat el mode de muntatge de recap. Per exemple, a Doctor Who (l'emissió de 1963 fins a 1989) s'utilitzava l'última escena del capítol anterior per començar el següent, però al nou relaunch ja han incorporat la seqüència de recapitulació. Un altre variant d'aquesta tècnica la trobem a les sèries d'anime, que poden incloure en aquesta recapitulació escenes noves, no només del passat capítol. En un article titulat "Previously on: In Praise of the Television Recap Sequence" de Laura Bliss, ella mateixa afirmava al 2015 que "potser els Netflixs i HBOs del món s'adonaran d'això - o almenys pensaran en l'espectador dedicat que potser apreciaria que li refresquéssin la memòria ocasionalment - i ens donaran la possibilitat de recapitular." Si tornés a escriure l'article aquest any, estaria gratament sorpresa en veure que les sèries de Netflix ja han incorporat aquesta famosa recapitulació, i n'és exemple La casa de papel, una sèrie espanyola recentment estrenada que inclou a l'inici dels seus episodis un resum a base d'escenes del capítol previ. resum a base d'escenes del capítol previ.
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