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Ralph Gottfrid Pearson, född 12 januari 1919 i Chicago, Illinois, död 12 oktober 2022, var en amerikansk professor i fysikalisk kemi.
, Ralph G. Pearson (* 12. Januar 1919 in Chi … Ralph G. Pearson (* 12. Januar 1919 in Chicago; † 12. Oktober 2022) war ein US-amerikanischer Chemiker. Er wurde bekannt durch seine Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der theoretischen anorganischen Chemie. Ab 1976 lehrte er an der University of California, Santa Barbara.r University of California, Santa Barbara.
, Ralph G. Pearson (Chicago, 12 de janeiro d … Ralph G. Pearson (Chicago, 12 de janeiro de 1919) é um químico estadunidense, mais conhecido pela sua contribuição à ciência no desenvolvimento dos conceitos de eletronegatividade e dureza absoluta, definidos na sua teoria de ácidos e bases duros e moles, uma extensão do conceito de teoria ácido-base de Lewis. Obteve seu doutorado em 1943 pela Northwestern University, onde se tornou professor e trabalhou de 1946 até 1976, transferindo-se então para Universidade da Califórnia, em Santa Bárbara. Recebeu o prêmio de Química Inorgânica da American Chemical Society. É membro da Academia Americana de Ciências. membro da Academia Americana de Ciências.
, Ralph Gottfrid Pearson (Chicago, 12 gennaio 1919 – 12 ottobre 2022) è stato un chimico statunitense.È noto per aver sviluppato la teoria HSAB e come coautore del testo Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions.
, Ralph Gottfrid Pearson (Chicago, 12 januar … Ralph Gottfrid Pearson (Chicago, 12 januari 1919 – 12 oktober 2022) was een Amerikaanse anorganisch en fysisch chemicus die bekendstaat vanwege de door hem ontwikkelde HSAB-theorie. Hij behaalde zijn doctoraat in fysische chemie in 1943 aan de Northwestern University en doceerde er chemie van 1946 tot 1976. Toen verhuisde hij naar de University of California in Santa Barbara, waar hij doceerde tot zijn pensioen in 1989. In 1963 stelde hij zijn theorie van harde en zachte zuren/basen voor (Engels: Hard/Soft Acid/Base theory). Hierbij zijn harde basen of zuren stoffen die klein zijn, hoge ladingen bevatten en die maar in geringe mate polariseerbaar zijn. Zachte basen of zuren zijn hier het tegengestelde van: ze zijn relatief groot, hebben lage ladingen en zijn zeer goed polariseerbaar. De basen en zuren reageren met elkaar, waarbij de stabielste interacties hard-hard en zacht-zacht zijn. In 1983 verfijnde hij zijn HSAB-theorie tot een kwantitatieve methode waarbij hij, samen met zijn collega , absolute 'hardheidswaarden' berekende. Hierbij maakte hij gebruik van de dichtheidsfunctionaaltheorie. Pearson overleed op 103-jarige leeftijd.. Pearson overleed op 103-jarige leeftijd.
, Ralph Gottfrid Pearson (January 12, 1919 – … Ralph Gottfrid Pearson (January 12, 1919 – October 12, 2022) was an American physical inorganic chemist best known for the development of the concept of hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB). He received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1943 from Northwestern University, and taught chemistry at Northwestern faculty from 1946 until 1976, when he moved to University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB). He retired in 1989 but remained active in research in theoretical inorganic chemistry until his death. In 1963 he proposed the qualitative theory of hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) in an attempt to unify the theories of reactivity in inorganic and organic chemistry. In this theory 'Hard' applies to species that are small, have high charge states, and are weakly polarizable. 'Soft' applies to species that are large, have low charge states and are strongly polarizable. Acids and bases interact, and the most stable interactions are hard–hard and soft–soft. In 1958 Pearson and Fred Basolo, his colleague at Northwestern wrote the influential monograph "Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions", which integrated concepts from ligand field theory and physical organic chemistry and signaled a shift from descriptive coordination chemistry to a more quantitative science. With another Northwestern colleague, Arthur Atwater Frost, Pearson wrote in 1961 another classic text, Kinetics and Mechanism: A Study of Homogeneous Chemical Reactions (ISBN 9780471283478). A subsequent edition was with John W. Moore as co-author (ISBN 978-0471035589). In 1983 in collaboration with Robert Parr, he refined the HSAB theory into a quantitative method by calculating values of “absolute hardness” using density functional theory, an approximate method in molecular quantum mechanics. This concept of "absolute hardness" was later connected with the concept of (absolute) electronegativity. Pearson died on October 12, 2022, at the age of 103.ed on October 12, 2022, at the age of 103.
, Ralph Gottfried Pearson (12 gener 1919, Chicago, Illinois, EUA) és un químic teòric estatunidenc conegut per la seva classificació dels àcids i les bases en durs i blans.
, رالف بيرسون (بالإنجليزية: Ralph Pearson) هو كيميائي أمريكي، ولد في 12 يناير 1919 في شيكاغو في الولايات المتحدة.
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Ralph Gottfrid Pearson (Chicago, 12 gennaio 1919 – 12 ottobre 2022) è stato un chimico statunitense.È noto per aver sviluppato la teoria HSAB e come coautore del testo Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions.
, Ralph G. Pearson (Chicago, 12 de janeiro d … Ralph G. Pearson (Chicago, 12 de janeiro de 1919) é um químico estadunidense, mais conhecido pela sua contribuição à ciência no desenvolvimento dos conceitos de eletronegatividade e dureza absoluta, definidos na sua teoria de ácidos e bases duros e moles, uma extensão do conceito de teoria ácido-base de Lewis. Obteve seu doutorado em 1943 pela Northwestern University, onde se tornou professor e trabalhou de 1946 até 1976, transferindo-se então para Universidade da Califórnia, em Santa Bárbara. Recebeu o prêmio de Química Inorgânica da American Chemical Society. É membro da Academia Americana de Ciências. membro da Academia Americana de Ciências.
, Ralph Gottfrid Pearson, född 12 januari 1919 i Chicago, Illinois, död 12 oktober 2022, var en amerikansk professor i fysikalisk kemi.
, رالف بيرسون (بالإنجليزية: Ralph Pearson) هو كيميائي أمريكي، ولد في 12 يناير 1919 في شيكاغو في الولايات المتحدة.
, Ralph Gottfried Pearson (12 gener 1919, Chicago, Illinois, EUA) és un químic teòric estatunidenc conegut per la seva classificació dels àcids i les bases en durs i blans.
, Ralph Gottfrid Pearson (Chicago, 12 januar … Ralph Gottfrid Pearson (Chicago, 12 januari 1919 – 12 oktober 2022) was een Amerikaanse anorganisch en fysisch chemicus die bekendstaat vanwege de door hem ontwikkelde HSAB-theorie. Hij behaalde zijn doctoraat in fysische chemie in 1943 aan de Northwestern University en doceerde er chemie van 1946 tot 1976. Toen verhuisde hij naar de University of California in Santa Barbara, waar hij doceerde tot zijn pensioen in 1989. Pearson overleed op 103-jarige leeftijd.. Pearson overleed op 103-jarige leeftijd.
, Ralph G. Pearson (* 12. Januar 1919 in Chi … Ralph G. Pearson (* 12. Januar 1919 in Chicago; † 12. Oktober 2022) war ein US-amerikanischer Chemiker. Er wurde bekannt durch seine Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der theoretischen anorganischen Chemie. Ab 1976 lehrte er an der University of California, Santa Barbara.r University of California, Santa Barbara.
, Ralph Gottfrid Pearson (January 12, 1919 – … Ralph Gottfrid Pearson (January 12, 1919 – October 12, 2022) was an American physical inorganic chemist best known for the development of the concept of hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB). He received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1943 from Northwestern University, and taught chemistry at Northwestern faculty from 1946 until 1976, when he moved to University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB). He retired in 1989 but remained active in research in theoretical inorganic chemistry until his death.tical inorganic chemistry until his death.
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, Ralph Pearson
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, رالف بيرسون
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