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De radarstrijd was een wapenwedloop in de … De radarstrijd was een wapenwedloop in de Tweede Wereldoorlog tussen de geallieerden en de Duitsers rond radartechniek. Beiden zijden beschikten over een soortgelijke radar, maar de geallieerden waren een grote stap voor op dit elektronisch-technologisch gebied tegenover de asmogendheden. In januari 1941 werd er een nieuw soort radar, dat kleiner en gemakkelijker te bedienen was, gemonteerd in vliegtuigen van het Britse en op enkele Britse escorteschepen. Die vliegtuigen konden zo ook 's nachts, het moment dat de meeste aanvallen plaatsvonden, hun aandeel leveren in de jacht op vooral Duitse maar ook Italiaanse onderzeeërs. De escorteschepen hadden het voordeel dat ze een Duitse U-boot konden lokaliseren als die aan de oppervlakte voer en veilig was voor hun sonar. Ze konden de vijand rammen of dwingen te duiken, waarna ze hem met hun sonar konden opsporen en met dieptebommen vernietigen. Terwijl de Britten op die manier hun technische kennis konden uitbuiten, bleef de ontwikkeling van de radar in Duitsland ver bij hen achter. Radar was oorspronkelijk een uitvinding van de Duitser Christian Hülsmeyer. Duitsland bezat sinds 1935 radartoestellen die met een golflengte van 50 cm werkten, maar de Duitse technici hadden geen vertrouwen in een verdere ontwikkeling van die apparatuur, en lieten na de mogelijkheid van een kortegolf-radar te onderzoeken. De gevolgen daarvan werden in 1940 en 1941 door Hitler nog erger gemaakt toen hij alle radarexperimenten lage prioriteit gaf en liet stopzetten. Begin 1941 konden de Britten goed gebruik maken van hun nieuwe radarapparatuur toen ze patrouillevluchten begonnen te organiseren vanaf vliegbases op IJsland die het jaar daarvoor bezet waren door de geallieerden. De U-502, U-165, U-578, U-705 en U-751 werden met behulp van radar opgespoord en vernietigd. Toen de Duitsers een H2S radar vonden in een neergestorte Britse bommenwerper, ontwikkelden ze in allerijl de Naxos-radardetector. De Home Fleet, waaronder HMS Hood en HMS Prince of Wales, viel de Bismarck aan op 24 mei 1941, waardoor HMS Hood vernietigd werd. Daarna, in de fatale zeeslag voor het Duitse slagschip van 27 mei 1941, dachten de Britten dat de Duitsers zeer nauwkeurig konden richten op de Britse oorlogsschepen, met behulp van een vernieuwd Duits radar-geleidingssysteem in de mast, door hen een "matras"-radar genoemd. Deze radar had echter maar een beperkt waaier-bereik (de radar draaide niet rond), maar de Britten wisten toen op dat moment niet dat zij vóór stonden op de Duitsers op dit technologisch gebied.p de Duitsers op dit technologisch gebied.
, Radar in World War II greatly influenced m … Radar in World War II greatly influenced many important aspects of the conflict. This revolutionary new technology of radio-based detection and tracking was used by both the Allies and Axis powers in World War II, which had evolved independently in a number of nations during the mid 1930s. At the outbreak of war in September 1939, both Great Britain and Germany had functioning radar systems. In Great Britain, it was called RDF, Range and Direction Finding, while in Germany the name Funkmeß (radio-measuring) was used, with apparatuses called Funkmessgerät (radio measuring device).By the time of the Battle of Britain in mid-1940, the Royal Air Force (RAF) had fully integrated RDF as part of the national air defence. In the United States, the technology was demonstrated during December 1934, although it was only when war became likely that the U.S. recognized the potential of the new technology, and began development of ship- and land-based systems. The first of these were fielded by the U.S. Navy in early 1940, and a year later by the U.S. Army. The acronym RADAR (for Radio Detection And Ranging) was coined by the U.S. Navy in 1940, and the term "radar" became widely used. While the benefits of operating in the microwave portion of the radio spectrum were known, transmitters for generating microwave signals of sufficient power were unavailable; thus, all early radar systems operated at lower frequencies (e.g., HF or VHF). In February 1940, Great Britain developed the resonant-cavity magnetron, capable of producing microwave power in the kilowatt range, opening the path to second-generation radar systems. After the Fall of France, it was realised in Great Britain that the manufacturing capabilities of the United States were vital to success in the war; thus, although America was not yet a belligerent, Prime Minister Winston Churchill directed that the technological secrets of Great Britain be shared in exchange for the needed capabilities. In the summer of 1940, the Tizard Mission visited the United States. The cavity magnetron was demonstrated to Americans at RCA, Bell Labs, etc. It was 100 times more powerful than anything they had seen. Bell Labs was able to duplicate the performance, and the Radiation Laboratory at MIT was established to develop microwave radars. The magnetron was later described by American military scientists as "the most valuable cargo ever brought to our shores". In addition to Great Britain, Germany, and the United States, wartime radars were also developed and used by Australia, Canada, France, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, South Africa, the Soviet Union, and Sweden.outh Africa, the Soviet Union, and Sweden.
, Radar pada Perang Dunia II berperan pentin … Radar pada Perang Dunia II berperan penting dalam segala aspek dalam konflik teresebut. Teknologi pelacak revolusioner berbasis radio ini digunakan pihak Sekutu dan Axis dalam Perang Dunia II. Tiap negara memiliki cerita evolusi radar yang berbeda dimulai dari pertengahan 1930-an. Pada pecahnya perang di bulan September 1939, kedua Inggris dan Jerman memiliki fungsi radar sistem. Di Inggris, itu disebut RDF, , sementara dalam Jerman nama Funkmessgerät (radio alat ukur) yang digunakan. Pada saat Pertempuran dari Inggris pada pertengahan tahun 1940, Angkatan Udara Kerajaan (RAF) telah sepenuhnya mengintegrasikan RDF sebagai bagian dari pertahanan udara nasional. Di Amerika Serikat, teknologi yang ditunjukkan selama Desember 1934, meskipun itu hanya ketika perang menjadi mungkin di mana AS menyadari potensi dari teknologi baru, dan mulai pembangunan sistem berbasis kapal dan darat. Yang pertama dari mereka menerjunkan oleh Angkatan laut AS pada awal tahun 1940, dan setahun kemudian oleh angkatan Darat AS. Akronim RADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging) diciptakan oleh Angkatan Laut AS pada tahun 1940, dan istilah "radar" menjadi banyak digunakan. Sementara manfaat dari operasi dalam bagian gelombang mikro dari spektrum radio telah diketahui, pemancar untuk menghasilkan sinyal gelombang mikro dengan kekuatan yang cukup masih belum tersedia; dengan demikian, semua sistem radar awal dioperasikan pada frekuensi yang lebih rendah (misalnya, HF atau VHF). Pada bulan Februari 1940, Inggris mengembangkan resonansi rongga magnetron, yang mampu memproduksi daya gelombang mikro dalam skala kilowatt, membuka jalan untuk sistem radar generasi kedua. Setelah Keruntuhan Prancis, ialah disadari oleh Inggris bahwa kemampuan manufaktur Amerika Serikat sangatlah penting untuk keberhasilan dalam perang; dengan demikian, meskipun Amerika belum ikut berperang, Perdana Menteri Winston Churchill memerintahkan bahwa teknologi rahasia Inggris akan dibagikan pada Amerika namun ditukarkan dengan kemampuan industrinya. Pada musim panas tahun 1940, Misi Tizard mengunjungi Amerika Serikat. Rongga magnetron ditunjukkan ke Amerika pada RCA, Bell Labs, dll. itu 100 kali lebih kuat dari apa yang pernah mereka lihat. Bell Labs mampu menyamai kinerja magnetron milik Inggris, dan Laboratorium Radiasi di MIT didirikan untuk mengembangkan microwave radar. ia kemudian digambarkan sebagai "Kargo yang paling berharga yang pernah dibawa ke pantai kita". Selain Inggris, Jerman, dan Amerika Serikat, radar semasa perang juga dikembangkan dan digunakan oleh Uni Soviet, Jepang dan Swedia, serta negara yang maju secara teknis seperti Negara Persemakmuran Australia, Kanada, Selandia Baru, dan Afrika Selatan.Kanada, Selandia Baru, dan Afrika Selatan.
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| rdfs:comment |
Radar pada Perang Dunia II berperan pentin … Radar pada Perang Dunia II berperan penting dalam segala aspek dalam konflik teresebut. Teknologi pelacak revolusioner berbasis radio ini digunakan pihak Sekutu dan Axis dalam Perang Dunia II. Tiap negara memiliki cerita evolusi radar yang berbeda dimulai dari pertengahan 1930-an. Pada pecahnya perang di bulan September 1939, kedua Inggris dan Jerman memiliki fungsi radar sistem. Di Inggris, itu disebut RDF, , sementara dalam Jerman nama Funkmessgerät (radio alat ukur) yang digunakan.essgerät (radio alat ukur) yang digunakan.
, De radarstrijd was een wapenwedloop in de … De radarstrijd was een wapenwedloop in de Tweede Wereldoorlog tussen de geallieerden en de Duitsers rond radartechniek. Beiden zijden beschikten over een soortgelijke radar, maar de geallieerden waren een grote stap voor op dit elektronisch-technologisch gebied tegenover de asmogendheden.logisch gebied tegenover de asmogendheden.
, Radar in World War II greatly influenced m … Radar in World War II greatly influenced many important aspects of the conflict. This revolutionary new technology of radio-based detection and tracking was used by both the Allies and Axis powers in World War II, which had evolved independently in a number of nations during the mid 1930s. At the outbreak of war in September 1939, both Great Britain and Germany had functioning radar systems. In Great Britain, it was called RDF, Range and Direction Finding, while in Germany the name Funkmeß (radio-measuring) was used, with apparatuses called Funkmessgerät (radio measuring device).By the time of the Battle of Britain in mid-1940, the Royal Air Force (RAF) had fully integrated RDF as part of the national air defence.d RDF as part of the national air defence.
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, Radar pada Perang Dunia II
, Radarstrijd
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, http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_radars +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_World_War_II_British_naval_radar +
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