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مشروع بلوتو هو برنامج يتبع للولايات المتحدة لتطوير المحركات النفاثة التضاغطية بالطاقة النووية لاستخدامها في صواريخ كروز. تم اختبار اثنين من المحركات التجريبية في الولايات المتحدة في عام 1961 و 1964.
, Project Pluto was a United States governme … Project Pluto was a United States government program to develop nuclear-powered ramjet engines for use in cruise missiles. Two experimental engines were tested at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) in 1961 and 1964 respectively. On 1 January 1957, the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission selected the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory to study the feasibility of applying heat from a nuclear reactor to power a ramjet engine for a Supersonic Low Altitude Missile. This would have many advantages over other nuclear weapons delivery systems: operating at Mach 3, or around 3,700 kilometers per hour (2,300 mph), and flying as low as 150 meters (500 ft), it would be invulnerable to interception by contemporary air defenses and carry more and larger nuclear warheads (up to sixteen with nuclear weapon yields of up to 10 megatonnes of TNT (42 PJ)) and deliver them with greater accuracy than was possible with intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBMs) at the time and, unlike them, could be recalled. This research became known as Project Pluto, and was directed by Theodore Charles (Ted) Merkle, leader of the laboratory's R Division. Originally carried out at Livermore, California, testing was moved to new facilities constructed for $1.2 million on 21 square kilometers (8 sq mi) at NTS Site 401, also known as Jackass Flats. The test reactors were moved about on a railroad car that could be controlled remotely. The need to maintain supersonic speed at low altitude and in all kinds of weather meant that the reactor had to survive high temperatures and intense radiation. Ceramic nuclear fuel elements were used that contained highly enriched uranium oxide fuel and beryllium oxide neutron moderator. After a series of preliminary tests to verify the integrity of the components under conditions of strain and vibration, Tory II-A, the world's first nuclear ramjet engine, was run at full power (46 MW) on 14 May 1961. A larger, fully-functional ramjet engine was then developed called Tory II-C. This was run at full power (461 MW) on 20 May 1964, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of a nuclear-powered ramjet engine. Despite these and other successful tests, ICBM technology developed quicker than expected, and this reduced the need for cruise missiles. By the early 1960s, there was greater sensitivity about the dangers of radioactive emissions in the atmosphere, and devising an appropriate test plan for the necessary flight tests was difficult. On 1 July 1964, seven years and six months after it was started, Project Pluto was canceled.t was started, Project Pluto was canceled.
, Pluto war die Bezeichnung für das US-ameri … Pluto war die Bezeichnung für das US-amerikanische Forschungsprogramm an einem Marschflugkörper mit nuklearem Staustrahltriebwerk und nuklearem Sprengkopf. Das Projekt der SLAM (Supersonic Low-Altitude Missile) begann 1957 und endete 1964. Der Name Pluto bezieht sich auf den römischen Gott der Unterwelt und des Totenreiches.n Gott der Unterwelt und des Totenreiches.
, Проект «Плутон» — американская государстве … Проект «Плутон» — американская государственная программа по разработке ядерного прямоточного воздушно-реактивного двигателя (ПВРД), который предполагалось использовать в крылатых ракетах. Было изготовлено два экспериментальных двигателя, которые испытывались на ядерном полигоне в Неваде в 1961 и 1964 годах.ном полигоне в Неваде в 1961 и 1964 годах.
, Le projet Pluto est une étude quant à la v … Le projet Pluto est une étude quant à la viabilité d'appliquer la chaleur des réacteurs nucléaires aux statoréacteurs, avec l'intention de créer un nouveau type de missile SLAM (Supersonic Low-Altitude Missile, missile supersonique de basse altitude). Il fut entamé le 1er janvier 1957 lorsque la Force Aérienne des États-Unis (USAF) et la Commission d'Énergie Atomique des États-Unis, ont confié le projet au précurseur de l'actuel Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), le Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. Ces recherches ont été déplacées depuis les installations de l'institut Livermore en Californie, à de nouvelles installations qui occupaient une surface totale de 21 km² situées à Jackass Flats, dans la zone d'essais du Nevada (NTS), lieu connu sous le nom d'Area 401. Le complexe consistait en 10 km de routes, un bâtiment d'assemblage critique, un bâtiment de contrôle, des bâtiments de construction et ateliers. Il fut aussi bâti une installation qui pouvait héberger 450 tonnes d'air pressurisé pour simuler les conditions de vol du ramjet du projet Pluto, dont le coût fut de 2,1 millions de dollars américains (19 millions actuels). Le projet a été dirigé par le Dr Ted Merkle, directeur de la division-R du laboratoire Livermore. Le principe sous-jacent au statoréacteur était relativement simple : on introduit un courant d'air à haute vitesse à l'intérieur du réacteur, le réacteur nucléaire chauffe l'air en le dilatant à haute pression à l'intérieur, de telle sorte qu'il soit expulsé en produisant une poussée du réacteur.lsé en produisant une poussée du réacteur.
, El Proyecto Pluto fue un estudio de la via … El Proyecto Pluto fue un estudio de la viabilidad de aplicar el calor de los reactores nucleares a los motores ramjet, con la intención de crear un nuevo tipo de misil SLAM (Supersonic Low-Altitude Missile, misil supersónico de baja altitud). Se inició el 1 de enero de 1957 cuando la Fuerza Aérea de los Estados Unidos (USAF) y la Comisión de Energía Atómica de los Estados Unidos, encargaron del proyecto al precursor del actual Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), el Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. Esta investigación se trasladó desde las instalaciones del instituto Livermore en California, a unas nuevas instalaciones que ocupaban una superficie total de 21 km² situadas en jackass Flats, en la zona de pruebas de Nevada (NTS), lugar conocido como área 401. El complejo consistía en 10 km de caminos, un edificio de ensamblaje crítico, un edificio de control, edificios de construcción y talleres. También se construyó una instalación que podía albergar 450 t de aire presurizado para simular las condiciones de vuelo del ramjet del proyecto Pluto, el coste fue de 2,1 millones de dólares (USD) El proyecto fue dirigido por el Dr. Ted Merkle, líder de la division-R del laboratorio Livermore. El principio detrás del Ramjet era relativamente simple: se introducía una corriente de aire a alta presión en el interior del reactor, el reactor nuclear calienta el aire expandiéndolo a alta velocidad en el interior haciendo que este sea expulsado provocando empuje en el reactor.expulsado provocando empuje en el reactor.
, Projekt Pluto byl americký vládní program … Projekt Pluto byl americký vládní program pro vývoj jaderně poháněných náporových motorů (ramjetů) pro použití v řízených střelách. Dva experimentální motory byly otestovány Ministerstvem energetiky Spojených států amerických v nevadské poušti v areálu Nevada Test Site (NTS) v roce 1961 a 1964.Nevada Test Site (NTS) v roce 1961 a 1964.
, プルート計画 (Project Pluto) は、アメリカ合衆国政府が実施した巡航ミサイル用原子力ラムジェットエンジンの開発プロジェクトである。試験エンジンが2基製造され、1961年と1964年に米国エネルギー省ネバダ核実験場で試験が行われた。
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Pluto war die Bezeichnung für das US-ameri … Pluto war die Bezeichnung für das US-amerikanische Forschungsprogramm an einem Marschflugkörper mit nuklearem Staustrahltriebwerk und nuklearem Sprengkopf. Das Projekt der SLAM (Supersonic Low-Altitude Missile) begann 1957 und endete 1964. Der Name Pluto bezieht sich auf den römischen Gott der Unterwelt und des Totenreiches.n Gott der Unterwelt und des Totenreiches.
, Проект «Плутон» — американская государстве … Проект «Плутон» — американская государственная программа по разработке ядерного прямоточного воздушно-реактивного двигателя (ПВРД), который предполагалось использовать в крылатых ракетах. Было изготовлено два экспериментальных двигателя, которые испытывались на ядерном полигоне в Неваде в 1961 и 1964 годах.ном полигоне в Неваде в 1961 и 1964 годах.
, Project Pluto was a United States government program to develop nuclear-powered ramjet engines for use in cruise missiles. Two experimental engines were tested at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) in 1961 and 1964 respectively.
, Le projet Pluto est une étude quant à la v … Le projet Pluto est une étude quant à la viabilité d'appliquer la chaleur des réacteurs nucléaires aux statoréacteurs, avec l'intention de créer un nouveau type de missile SLAM (Supersonic Low-Altitude Missile, missile supersonique de basse altitude). Il fut entamé le 1er janvier 1957 lorsque la Force Aérienne des États-Unis (USAF) et la Commission d'Énergie Atomique des États-Unis, ont confié le projet au précurseur de l'actuel Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), le Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. (LLNL), le Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.
, プルート計画 (Project Pluto) は、アメリカ合衆国政府が実施した巡航ミサイル用原子力ラムジェットエンジンの開発プロジェクトである。試験エンジンが2基製造され、1961年と1964年に米国エネルギー省ネバダ核実験場で試験が行われた。
, مشروع بلوتو هو برنامج يتبع للولايات المتحدة لتطوير المحركات النفاثة التضاغطية بالطاقة النووية لاستخدامها في صواريخ كروز. تم اختبار اثنين من المحركات التجريبية في الولايات المتحدة في عام 1961 و 1964.
, Projekt Pluto byl americký vládní program … Projekt Pluto byl americký vládní program pro vývoj jaderně poháněných náporových motorů (ramjetů) pro použití v řízených střelách. Dva experimentální motory byly otestovány Ministerstvem energetiky Spojených států amerických v nevadské poušti v areálu Nevada Test Site (NTS) v roce 1961 a 1964.Nevada Test Site (NTS) v roce 1961 a 1964.
, El Proyecto Pluto fue un estudio de la via … El Proyecto Pluto fue un estudio de la viabilidad de aplicar el calor de los reactores nucleares a los motores ramjet, con la intención de crear un nuevo tipo de misil SLAM (Supersonic Low-Altitude Missile, misil supersónico de baja altitud). Se inició el 1 de enero de 1957 cuando la Fuerza Aérea de los Estados Unidos (USAF) y la Comisión de Energía Atómica de los Estados Unidos, encargaron del proyecto al precursor del actual Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), el Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. (LLNL), el Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.
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| rdfs:label |
Projekt Pluto
, مشروع بلوتو
, Projet Pluto
, Плутон (проект)
, プルート計画
, Project Pluto
, Proyecto Pluto
, Pluto (Marschflugkörper)
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