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Le microbiote des plantes, appelé aussi ph … Le microbiote des plantes, appelé aussi phytobiote, est le microbiote constitué de la communauté de micro-organismes bactériens et fongiques plus ou moins mutualistes ou symbiotiques, associée à la plupart des plantes :
* une partie du microbiote, dite « rhizosphérique » est intimement associée aux racines ;
* une autre part est externe (épiphyte, c'est-à-dire sur les écorces, les tiges et les feuilles des plantes ; dans ce dernier cas, les micro-organismes symbiotes sont presque toujours uniquement en surface immédiate de la feuille dite « phyllosphère » ou de la tige dite « caulosphère », ou des micro-habitats spécifiques comme l'anthosphère pour les fleurs, la carposphère pour les fruits et la spermosphère pour les graines).
* une dernière part, composée de micro-champignons ou de bactéries endophytes (endosphère), vit pour tout ou partie à l'intérieur des feuilles ou de certaines cellules végétales (dans les céréales notamment). Le microbiome de la plante est appelé phytobiome. Ce microbiote est étudié depuis au moins les années 1950 et fait l'objet de nombreuses découvertes. L'un des enjeux d'une meilleure connaissance du microbiote des végétaux est de l'utiliser comme allié en agriculture, voire pour la dépolluer des sols ou de l'eau (pollution azotée en particulier, responsable de l'acidification et de l'eutrophisation et d'un appauvrissement de nombreux habitats et écosystèmes).ment de nombreux habitats et écosystèmes).
, The plant microbiome, also known as the ph … The plant microbiome, also known as the phytomicrobiome, plays roles in plant health and productivity and has received significant attention in recent years. The microbiome has been defined as "a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonably well-defined habitat which has distinct physio-chemical properties. The term thus not only refers to the microorganisms involved but also encompasses their theatre of activity". Plants live in association with diverse microbial consortia. These microbes, referred to as the plant's microbiota, live both inside (the endosphere) and outside (the episphere) of plant tissues, and play important roles in the ecology and physiology of plants. "The core plant microbiome is thought to comprise keystone microbial taxa that are important for plant fitness and established through evolutionary mechanisms of selection and enrichment of microbial taxa containing essential functions genes for the fitness of the plant holobiont." Plant microbiomes are shaped by both factors related to the plant itself, such as genotype, organ, species and health status, as well as factors related to the plant's environment, such as management, land use and climate. The health status of a plant has been reported in some studies to be reflected by or linked to its microbiome. reflected by or linked to its microbiome.
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Mānuka is a flowering scrub. The chart sho … Mānuka is a flowering scrub. The chart shows an abundance-occupancy distribution identifying core phyllosphere taxa in non-rarefied and rarefied datasets. Each point represents a taxon plotted by its mean logarithmic relative abundance and occupancy. Taxa with an occupancy of 1 were considered members of the core microbiome.considered members of the core microbiome.
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Relative abundance of core phyllosphere taxa in mānuka
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Relative abundance of core phyllosphere taxa in the mānuka phyllosphere .png
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"Experimental evidence underlines the impo … "Experimental evidence underlines the importance of the root microbiome in plant health and it is becoming increasingly clear that the plant is able to control the composition of its microbiome. It stands to reason that those plants that manage their microbiome in a way that is beneficial to their reproductive success will be favored during evolutionary selection. It appears that such selective pressure has brought about many specific interactions between plants and microbes, and evidence is accumulating that plants call for microbial help in time of need." call for microbial help in time of need."
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– Berendsen et al, 2012
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Le microbiote des plantes, appelé aussi ph … Le microbiote des plantes, appelé aussi phytobiote, est le microbiote constitué de la communauté de micro-organismes bactériens et fongiques plus ou moins mutualistes ou symbiotiques, associée à la plupart des plantes : Le microbiome de la plante est appelé phytobiome. Ce microbiote est étudié depuis au moins les années 1950 et fait l'objet de nombreuses découvertes.et fait l'objet de nombreuses découvertes.
, The plant microbiome, also known as the ph … The plant microbiome, also known as the phytomicrobiome, plays roles in plant health and productivity and has received significant attention in recent years. The microbiome has been defined as "a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonably well-defined habitat which has distinct physio-chemical properties. The term thus not only refers to the microorganisms involved but also encompasses their theatre of activity".so encompasses their theatre of activity".
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