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Operation Bertram was a Second World War d … Operation Bertram was a Second World War deception operation practised by the Allied forces in Egypt led by Bernard Montgomery, in the months before the Second Battle of El Alamein in 1942. Bertram was devised by Dudley Clarke to deceive Erwin Rommel about the timing and location of the Allied attack. The operation consisted of physical deceptions using dummies and camouflage, designed and made by the British Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate led by Geoffrey Barkas. These were accompanied by electromagnetic deceptions codenamed Operation Canwell, using false radio traffic. All of these were planned to make the Axis believe that the attack would take place to the south, far from the coast road and railway, about two days later than the real attack. Bertram consisted of the creation of the appearance of army units where none existed and in concealing armour, artillery and matériel. Dummy tanks and guns were made mainly of local materials including calico and palm-frond hurdles. Real tanks were disguised as trucks, using light "Sunshield" canopies. Field guns and their limbers were also disguised as trucks, their real wheels visible, under a simple box-shaped "Cannibal" canopy to give the shape of a truck. Petrol cans were stacked along the sides of existing revetted trenches, hidden in the shadows. Food was stacked in piles of boxes and draped with camouflage nets to resemble trucks. Trucks were parked openly in the tank assembly area for some weeks. Real tanks were similarly parked openly, far behind the front. Two nights before the attack, the tanks replaced the trucks, being covered with "Sunshields" before dawn. The tanks were replaced that same night with dummies in their original positions, so the armour remained seemingly two or more days' journey behind the front line. To reinforce the impression that the attack was not ready, a dummy water pipeline was constructed, at an apparent rate of 5 mi (8.0 km) per day. Some days' worth remained to be built at the time of the attack; dummy tanks, guns and supplies were constructed to the south. After the battle, the captured German panzerarmee general Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma told Montgomery that he had believed the Allies had at least one more armoured division than they did and that the attack would be in the south. Rommel's stand-in, general Georg Stumme, thought the attack would not begin for several weeks. Bertram had succeeded; when announcing the victory at El Alamein in the House of Commons, Winston Churchill praised the camouflage operation.hurchill praised the camouflage operation.
, Operation Bertram war ein großangelegtes T … Operation Bertram war ein großangelegtes Täuschungsmanöver durch die alliierten Streitkräfte in Ägypten während des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Operation Bertram wurde 1942 unter der Leitung von Bernard Montgomery in den Monaten vor der zweiten Schlacht von El Alamein durchgeführt. Die Operation wurde von entwickelt, um Erwin Rommel über den Zeitpunkt und Ort des alliierten Angriffs zu täuschen. Sie bestand aus physikalischen Täuschungen mit Attrappen und Tarnmaterial, entworfen und hergestellt durch das britische Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate unter der Leitung von . Die Täuschungsmanöver wurden durch elektromagnetische Täuschungen unter dem Codenamen „Operation Canwell“ mit falschem Funkverkehr begleitet. Das Manöver wurde geplant, um den Feind glauben zu lassen, dass der Angriff im Süden stattfinden würde, weit entfernt von der Küste sowie den dort verlaufenden Straßen- und Schienen, und etwa zwei Tage später als der echte Angriff.
* Crusader-Panzer als Lastwagen getarnt
* Panzerattrappe über einem Jeep in der Nähe von Kairo, 1942
* Attrappe einer Wasser-Pipeline der Operation Diamondiner Wasser-Pipeline der Operation Diamond
, Operazione Bertram era il nome in codice d … Operazione Bertram era il nome in codice di una delle maggiori operazioni di inganno militare messe in atto dalle forze degli Alleati durante la seconda guerra mondiale: l'operazione aveva lo scopo di sviare le forze dell'Asse dislocate in Egitto dai preparativi per una nuova offensiva dell'Ottava Armata britannica del generale Bernard Law Montgomery, poi sfociata nella seconda battaglia di El Alamein (23 ottobre - 5 novembre 1942). L'operazione, messa in atto dall'esperto di tattiche di inganno militare Dudley Clarke e dalla struttura posta ai suoi ordini ('A' Force), puntava a ingannare i comandi dell'Asse circa la data e il luogo dell'imminente attacco alleato tramite la realizzazione di inganni visivi e camuffamenti, realizzati dal di , accompagnati da un falso traffico radio: tutte queste manovre avevano lo scopo di attirare l'attenzione verso il settore sud del fronte, lontano dalla zona costiera a nord dove Montgomery aveva invece intenzione di attaccare, oltre a far credere al nemico che l'offensiva dovesse iniziare almeno due giorni dopo la vera data prescelta. Bertram comportò la creazione di unità militari completamente fittizie, tramite la realizzazione di falsi carri armati, pezzi di artiglieria e materiali militari poi lasciati in bella vista perché venissero rilevati dalla ricognizione nemica, mentre per non dare l'impressione che l'offensiva fosse imminente venne iniziata la costruzione di un falso oleodotto per il trasporto del carburante, ancora largamente incompleto quando l'attacco ebbe poi inizio; al tempo stesso, veri carri armati e cannoni furono camuffati da semplici camion e ammassati nella zona di partenza per l'offensiva, in modo che passassero inosservati all'occhio delle forze dell'Asse. L'operazione ebbe un vasto successo: interrogato dopo essere stato catturato, il generale tedesco Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma dichiarò che le forze dell'Asse avevano conteggiato una divisione corazzata in più di quanto gli Alleati disponessero in realtà, e che l'attenzione per l'offensiva di Montgomery era concentrata sul settore sud invece che a nord.entrata sul settore sud invece che a nord.
, L'Opération Bertram est une opération de d … L'Opération Bertram est une opération de diversion ayant accompagné la Seconde bataille d'El Alamein, opposant la 8e armée (Royaume-Uni)#:~:text=La VIIIe armée du,de la campagne d'Italie.7e 8ème armée britannique du général Bernard Montgomery à l'Afrika Korps du maréchal Erwin Rommel en Égypte en novembre 1942. Elle a consisté à simuler la préparation d'une attaque au sud du dispositif allemand en y installant des faux canons en bois et à supprimer celle de l'attaque au nord en maquillant les blindés en camions, tout en fabriquant autant de faux chars en bois que ceux qui avaient disparu. Aucun document officiel ne fait part de son nom, mais un des artisans de cette manipulation serait un magicien professionnel, Jasper Maskelyne.Jasper Maskelyne, connu à l'époque pour être le fils et le petit fils de magiciens et illusionnistes très célèbres au Royaume Uni, serait selon ses propres mots, un grand artisan de cette Opération.mots, un grand artisan de cette Opération.
, Operasi Bertram merupakan operasi dalam Pe … Operasi Bertram merupakan operasi dalam Perang Dunia Kedua yang dilakukan oleh pasukan Sekutu di Mesir yang dipimpin oleh Bernard Montgomery beberapa bulan menjelang Pertempuran El Alamein Kedua pada tahun 1942. Operasi Bertram dirancang oleh untuk mengecoh Erwin Rommel mengenai waktu dan lokasi serangan Sekutu. Operasi ini terdiri dari penipuan fisik menggunakan model palsu dan kamuflase, yang dirancang dan dibuat oleh Direktorat Komando Kamuflase Timur Tengah Inggris yang dipimpin oleh . Operasi ini juga memakai tipuan elektromagnetik nama sandi "Operasi Canwell" menggunakan lalu lintas radio palsu. Semua ini direncanakan untuk membuat musuh percaya bahwa serangan itu akan mengambil tempat di selatan, jauh dari pantai, jalan dan kereta api, dan sekitar dua hari kemudian dari serangan yang sebenarnya.ri kemudian dari serangan yang sebenarnya.
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Constructing a dummy tank at the Camouflage Training & Development Centre at Helwan, near Cairo, photo by Captain Gerald Leet
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September–October 1942
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Operation Bertram war ein großangelegtes T … Operation Bertram war ein großangelegtes Täuschungsmanöver durch die alliierten Streitkräfte in Ägypten während des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Operation Bertram wurde 1942 unter der Leitung von Bernard Montgomery in den Monaten vor der zweiten Schlacht von El Alamein durchgeführt. Die Operation wurde von entwickelt, um Erwin Rommel über den Zeitpunkt und Ort des alliierten Angriffs zu täuschen. Sie bestand aus physikalischen Täuschungen mit Attrappen und Tarnmaterial, entworfen und hergestellt durch das britische Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate unter der Leitung von . Die Täuschungsmanöver wurden durch elektromagnetische Täuschungen unter dem Codenamen „Operation Canwell“ mit falschem Funkverkehr begleitet. Das Manöver wurde geplant, um den Feind glauben zu lassen, dass der Angriff imind glauben zu lassen, dass der Angriff im
, Operation Bertram was a Second World War d … Operation Bertram was a Second World War deception operation practised by the Allied forces in Egypt led by Bernard Montgomery, in the months before the Second Battle of El Alamein in 1942. Bertram was devised by Dudley Clarke to deceive Erwin Rommel about the timing and location of the Allied attack. The operation consisted of physical deceptions using dummies and camouflage, designed and made by the British Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate led by Geoffrey Barkas. These were accompanied by electromagnetic deceptions codenamed Operation Canwell, using false radio traffic. All of these were planned to make the Axis believe that the attack would take place to the south, far from the coast road and railway, about two days later than the real attack.about two days later than the real attack.
, L'Opération Bertram est une opération de d … L'Opération Bertram est une opération de diversion ayant accompagné la Seconde bataille d'El Alamein, opposant la 8e armée (Royaume-Uni)#:~:text=La VIIIe armée du,de la campagne d'Italie.7e 8ème armée britannique du général Bernard Montgomery à l'Afrika Korps du maréchal Erwin Rommel en Égypte en novembre 1942. Elle a consisté à simuler la préparation d'une attaque au sud du dispositif allemand en y installant des faux canons en bois et à supprimer celle de l'attaque au nord en maquillant les blindés en camions, tout en fabriquant autant de faux chars en bois que ceux qui avaient disparu.hars en bois que ceux qui avaient disparu.
, Operazione Bertram era il nome in codice d … Operazione Bertram era il nome in codice di una delle maggiori operazioni di inganno militare messe in atto dalle forze degli Alleati durante la seconda guerra mondiale: l'operazione aveva lo scopo di sviare le forze dell'Asse dislocate in Egitto dai preparativi per una nuova offensiva dell'Ottava Armata britannica del generale Bernard Law Montgomery, poi sfociata nella seconda battaglia di El Alamein (23 ottobre - 5 novembre 1942).El Alamein (23 ottobre - 5 novembre 1942).
, Operasi Bertram merupakan operasi dalam Pe … Operasi Bertram merupakan operasi dalam Perang Dunia Kedua yang dilakukan oleh pasukan Sekutu di Mesir yang dipimpin oleh Bernard Montgomery beberapa bulan menjelang Pertempuran El Alamein Kedua pada tahun 1942. Operasi Bertram dirancang oleh untuk mengecoh Erwin Rommel mengenai waktu dan lokasi serangan Sekutu. Operasi ini terdiri dari penipuan fisik menggunakan model palsu dan kamuflase, yang dirancang dan dibuat oleh Direktorat Komando Kamuflase Timur Tengah Inggris yang dipimpin oleh . Operasi ini juga memakai tipuan elektromagnetik nama sandi "Operasi Canwell" menggunakan lalu lintas radio palsu. Semua ini direncanakan untuk membuat musuh percaya bahwa serangan itu akan mengambil tempat di selatan, jauh dari pantai, jalan dan kereta api, dan sekitar dua hari kemudian dari serangan y sekitar dua hari kemudian dari serangan y
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, Operation Bertram
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, Opération Bertram
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