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Old Mandarin or Early Mandarin was the spe … Old Mandarin or Early Mandarin was the speech of northern China during the Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty and the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (12th to 14th centuries). New genres of vernacular literature were based on this language, including verse, drama and story forms, such as the qu and sanqu. The phonology of Old Mandarin has been inferred from the 'Phags-pa script, an alphabet created in 1269 for several languages of the Mongol empire, including Chinese, and from two rime dictionaries, the Menggu Ziyun (1308) and the Zhongyuan Yinyun (1324). The rhyme books differ in some details but show many of the features characteristic of modern Mandarin dialects, such as the reduction and disappearance of final stops and the reorganization of the four tones of Middle Chinese.ation of the four tones of Middle Chinese.
, Le proto-mandarin est un terme utilisé pou … Le proto-mandarin est un terme utilisé pour désigner une forme ancienne du dialecte le plus parlé de la langue chinoise, connu en français sous le nom de mandarin (Guānhuà / 官话). Techniquement[Quoi ?], c'est la langue parlée à l'époque de la fin de la dynastie Song. Ce « mandarin précoce » est à la base du système de sonorités décrit par le dictionnaire de rimes Zhōngyuán Yīnyùn (中原音韻, littéralement « Sons et rimes dans les plaines centrales ») de la dynastie Yuan tardive, utilisé pour rimer l'Opéra de Pékin à cette époque.
* Portail des langues
* Portail de la ChinePortail des langues
* Portail de la Chine
, 古官話（こかんわ、Old Mandarin）または早期官話（そうきかんわ、Early Mandarin）とは、後期宋、元、明、清の時代の中国語（官話）である。
, 早期官话，又稱近代官話，是官話歷史發展的一個階段。早期官話與同期的粵客贛方言等都是從中古漢語支出的主要分支。早期官话的起點一般定於北宋或宋末元初（詳見宋代汴洛音、元代音系），包括了明清官話（詳見明初官話音系、明清音系），早期官话的研究依據為官話白话文文献。
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早期官话，又稱近代官話，是官話歷史發展的一個階段。早期官話與同期的粵客贛方言等都是從中古漢語支出的主要分支。早期官话的起點一般定於北宋或宋末元初（詳見宋代汴洛音、元代音系），包括了明清官話（詳見明初官話音系、明清音系），早期官话的研究依據為官話白话文文献。
, Old Mandarin or Early Mandarin was the spe … Old Mandarin or Early Mandarin was the speech of northern China during the Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty and the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (12th to 14th centuries). New genres of vernacular literature were based on this language, including verse, drama and story forms, such as the qu and sanqu.and story forms, such as the qu and sanqu.
, Le proto-mandarin est un terme utilisé pou … Le proto-mandarin est un terme utilisé pour désigner une forme ancienne du dialecte le plus parlé de la langue chinoise, connu en français sous le nom de mandarin (Guānhuà / 官话). Techniquement[Quoi ?], c'est la langue parlée à l'époque de la fin de la dynastie Song. Ce « mandarin précoce » est à la base du système de sonorités décrit par le dictionnaire de rimes Zhōngyuán Yīnyùn (中原音韻, littéralement « Sons et rimes dans les plaines centrales ») de la dynastie Yuan tardive, utilisé pour rimer l'Opéra de Pékin à cette époque.
* Portail des langues
* Portail de la ChinePortail des langues
* Portail de la Chine
, 古官話（こかんわ、Old Mandarin）または早期官話（そうきかんわ、Early Mandarin）とは、後期宋、元、明、清の時代の中国語（官話）である。
|
| rdfs:label |
早期官话
, 古官話
, Bahasa Mandarin Kuno
, Old Mandarin
, Proto-mandarin
|
