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Una rete micorrizica (definita anche come … Una rete micorrizica (definita anche come Common Mycorrhizal Network o CMN) si crea allorché gli apparati radicali di due piante sono "colonizzati" dallo stesso fungo micorrizico e quest'ultimo costituisce il "canale di comunicazione" tra i due individui vegetali permettendo il transito di acqua, carbonio, azoto, nutrienti e mediatori chimici.nio, azoto, nutrienti e mediatori chimici.
, Em botânica, Wood World Web (termo inglês … Em botânica, Wood World Web (termo inglês que, em português, pode se traduz por "Teia mundial madeireira"), também conhecida como rede subterrânea florestal é o processo onde árvores de diferentes espécies trocam de carbono através de uma internet de fungos que ligam as suas raízes. O processo demostrou que certos tipos de fungos comuns existem em uma sutil simbiose com as plantas, provocando não infecção, mas ligação. Estes fungos enviam finos tubos de seda de fungos chamados hifas, que se infiltram no solo e se entrelaçam em um nível celular nas pontas das raízes das plantas. Raízes e fungos se combinam para formar o que é chamado de micorriza.Desta forma, as plantas individuais são unidas umas às outras por uma complexa e colaborativa rede subterrânea de hifasa e colaborativa rede subterrânea de hifas
, Sieci mikoryzowe (ang. mycorrhizal network … Sieci mikoryzowe (ang. mycorrhizal networks, CMN – common mycorrhizal networks) – sieć pośrednich połączeń pomiędzy roślinami z udziałem grzybów mikoryzowych. Połączenia takie występują we wszystkich ważniejszych ekosystemach lądowych. Strzępki grzybni umożliwiają wymianę szeregu substancji chemicznych pomiędzy elementami sieci. Przenoszone mogą być: związki węgla, sole mineralne, woda, substancje sygnałowe oraz allelopatiny. Sieci mikoryzowe łączą rośliny autotroficzne, myko-heterotrofy oraz częściowe myko-heterotrofy. Połączenie różnorodnych organizmów przez strzępki grzybów ułatwia im przetrwanie i wzrost, zapewniając różnorodnej gatunkowo grupie wspólną stabilność w zmieniających się warunkach środowiska. Około 75% badanych gatunków roślin korzysta z sieci mikoryzowych.nków roślin korzysta z sieci mikoryzowych.
, A Mycorrhizal network (also known as a com … A Mycorrhizal network (also known as a common mycorrhizal network or CMN) is an underground network found in forests and other plant communities, created by the hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi joining with plant roots. This network connects individual plants together and transfers water, carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients and minerals between participants. Several studies have demonstrated that mycorrhizal networks can transport carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, water, defense compounds, and allelochemicals from plant to plant. The flux of nutrients and water through hyphal networks has been proposed to be driven by a source–sink model, where plants growing under conditions of relatively high resource availability (e.g., high-light or high-nitrogen environments) transfer carbon or nutrients to plants located in less favorable conditions. A common example is the transfer of carbon from plants with leaves located in high-light conditions in the forest canopy, to plants located in the shaded understory where light availability limits photosynthesis. In natural ecosystems, plants may be dependent on fungal symbionts for 90% of their phosphorus requirements and 80% of their nitrogen requirements. Mycorrhizal relationships are most commonly mutualistic, with both partners benefiting, but can be commensal or parasitic. The formation and nature of these networks is context-dependent, and can be influenced by factors such as soil fertility, resource availability, host or myco-symbiont genotype, disturbance and seasonal variation. Some plant species, such as buckhorn plantain, a common lawn and agricultural weed, benefit from mycorrhizal relationships in conditions of low soil fertility, but are harmed in higher soil fertility. Both plants and fungi associate with multiple symbiotic partners at once, and both plants and fungi are capable of preferentially allocating resources to one partner over another. Referencing an analogous function served by the World Wide Web in human communities, the many roles that mycorrhizal networks appear to play in woodland have earned them a colloquial nickname: the Wood Wide Web. a colloquial nickname: the Wood Wide Web.
, Un réseau mycorhizien se forme lorsque les … Un réseau mycorhizien se forme lorsque les racines de deux plantes sont colonisées par un même champignon mycorhizien et reliées entre elles. Ce phénomène affecte grandement la survie, la nutrition minérale et l’établissement des plantes dans un écosystème.Ce réseau optimise le développement de la plante via deux voies principales : la stimulation de la nutrition minérale (transfert de ressources telles que le carbone, l’azote et le phosphore entre les différents partenaires) ; meilleure tolérance ou résistance de la plante vis-à-vis de stress biotiques (impacts de microorganismes pathogènes fongiques, bactériens ou de nématodes phytoparasites) et/ou abiotiques (stress salin, hydrique, métaux lourds). Ainsi, ce phénomène écologique pourrait jouer un rôle important dans les mécanismes d’assemblage de communautés. A ce titre, les études menées sur cette thématique se sont focalisées sur différentes problématiques : 1.
* valider son existence au sein d’un écosystème ; 2.
* démontrer le transfert des ressources entre les partenaires ; 3.
* étudier ses caractères morphologiques et architecturaux ; 4.
* établir son influence écologique. Ces interactions entre les systèmes racinaires forment un réseau écologique essentiellement souterrain, que certains biologistes ont nommé le wood-wide web (en référence au « World wide web »). C'est la chercheuse canadienne Suzanne Simard qui est la première à mettre en évidence en 1997 ce réseau avec le transfert mycorhizien du carbone entre des arbres en conditions naturelles.entre des arbres en conditions naturelles.
, شبكات مايكورهيزال (المعروف أيضا باسمالشبكا … شبكات مايكورهيزال (المعروف أيضا باسمالشبكات المشتركة لمايكورهيزال و CMN) التي هي تحت الأرض خيط فطري الشبكات التي تم إنشاؤها بواسطة مايكورهيزال الفطريات التي تربط النباتات الفردية معا ونقل المياه والكربون والنيتروجين وغيرها من العناصر الغذائية والمعادن. تشكيل هذه الشبكات يعتمد على السياق، يمكن أن تتأثر بعوامل مثل خصوبة التربة وتوافر الموارد والمضيفة للنمط الجيني أوالمتكافل الفطري، والاضطرابات التغيرات الموسمية (بسبب تخصيب النيتروجين في التربة التي تؤثر على المجتمعات المتكافئة أو تأثير الأنشطة اللتي يقوم بها الإنسان والتي تؤثر على دورة النيتروجين). قياسا إلى العديد من الأدوار االتي توسطت فيها عن طريق الشبكة العالمية في المجتمعات البشرية، فإن العديد من الأدوار لشبكات مايكورهيزال التي تلعبها في الغابات قد اكسب لهم اللقب العالمي: شبكة الإنترنت الخشبيه الواسعة.قب العالمي: شبكة الإنترنت الخشبيه الواسعة.
, 우드 와이드 웹(Wood Wide Web, WWW) 또는 균사체망 또는 일반 … 우드 와이드 웹(Wood Wide Web, WWW) 또는 균사체망 또는 일반 균근 네트워크(common mycorrhizal networks 또는 CMN)는 개별 식물을 연결하고 물, 탄소, 질소 및 기타 영양소와 미네랄을 상호 전달하는 균근 균류(곰팡이)에 의해 생성된 지표면 지하 균사 네트워크이다. 이러한 네트워크의 형성은 상황에 따라 다르며 토양 비옥도, 자원 가용성, 숙주 또는 마이코 심 비온 유전자형, 교란 및 계절적 변화와 같은 요인에 의해 영향을받을 수 있다.(토양의 질소 농축으로 인해 균사공동체 또는 인간 활동이 질소 순환에 영향을 미침) 인간 공동체에서 월드 와이드 웹(WWW)에 의해 중개되는 많은 역할과 유사하게, 균근 네트워크가 삼림 지대에서 수행하는 것으로 보이는 많은 역할은 구어체 별명인 우드 와이드 웹(Wood Wide Web)을 얻었다..역할은 구어체 별명인 우드 와이드 웹(Wood Wide Web)을 얻었다..
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Una rete micorrizica (definita anche come … Una rete micorrizica (definita anche come Common Mycorrhizal Network o CMN) si crea allorché gli apparati radicali di due piante sono "colonizzati" dallo stesso fungo micorrizico e quest'ultimo costituisce il "canale di comunicazione" tra i due individui vegetali permettendo il transito di acqua, carbonio, azoto, nutrienti e mediatori chimici.nio, azoto, nutrienti e mediatori chimici.
, Un réseau mycorhizien se forme lorsque les … Un réseau mycorhizien se forme lorsque les racines de deux plantes sont colonisées par un même champignon mycorhizien et reliées entre elles. Ce phénomène affecte grandement la survie, la nutrition minérale et l’établissement des plantes dans un écosystème.Ce réseau optimise le développement de la plante via deux voies principales : la stimulation de la nutrition minérale (transfert de ressources telles que le carbone, l’azote et le phosphore entre les différents partenaires) ; meilleure tolérance ou résistance de la plante vis-à-vis de stress biotiques (impacts de microorganismes pathogènes fongiques, bactériens ou de nématodes phytoparasites) et/ou abiotiques (stress salin, hydrique, métaux lourds). Ainsi, ce phénomène écologique pourrait jouer un rôle important dans les mécanismes d’assn rôle important dans les mécanismes d’ass
, Em botânica, Wood World Web (termo inglês … Em botânica, Wood World Web (termo inglês que, em português, pode se traduz por "Teia mundial madeireira"), também conhecida como rede subterrânea florestal é o processo onde árvores de diferentes espécies trocam de carbono através de uma internet de fungos que ligam as suas raízes. O processo demostrou que certos tipos de fungos comuns existem em uma sutil simbiose com as plantas, provocando não infecção, mas ligação. Estes fungos enviam finos tubos de seda de fungos chamados hifas, que se infiltram no solo e se entrelaçam em um nível celular nas pontas das raízes das plantas. Raízes e fungos se combinam para formar o que é chamado de micorriza.Desta forma, as plantas individuais são unidas umas às outras por uma complexa e colaborativa rede subterrânea de hifasa e colaborativa rede subterrânea de hifas
, Sieci mikoryzowe (ang. mycorrhizal network … Sieci mikoryzowe (ang. mycorrhizal networks, CMN – common mycorrhizal networks) – sieć pośrednich połączeń pomiędzy roślinami z udziałem grzybów mikoryzowych. Połączenia takie występują we wszystkich ważniejszych ekosystemach lądowych. Strzępki grzybni umożliwiają wymianę szeregu substancji chemicznych pomiędzy elementami sieci. Przenoszone mogą być: związki węgla, sole mineralne, woda, substancje sygnałowe oraz allelopatiny. Sieci mikoryzowe łączą rośliny autotroficzne, myko-heterotrofy oraz częściowe myko-heterotrofy. Połączenie różnorodnych organizmów przez strzępki grzybów ułatwia im przetrwanie i wzrost, zapewniając różnorodnej gatunkowo grupie wspólną stabilność w zmieniających się warunkach środowiska. Około 75% badanych gatunków roślin korzysta z sieci mikoryzowych.nków roślin korzysta z sieci mikoryzowych.
, 우드 와이드 웹(Wood Wide Web, WWW) 또는 균사체망 또는 일반 … 우드 와이드 웹(Wood Wide Web, WWW) 또는 균사체망 또는 일반 균근 네트워크(common mycorrhizal networks 또는 CMN)는 개별 식물을 연결하고 물, 탄소, 질소 및 기타 영양소와 미네랄을 상호 전달하는 균근 균류(곰팡이)에 의해 생성된 지표면 지하 균사 네트워크이다. 이러한 네트워크의 형성은 상황에 따라 다르며 토양 비옥도, 자원 가용성, 숙주 또는 마이코 심 비온 유전자형, 교란 및 계절적 변화와 같은 요인에 의해 영향을받을 수 있다.(토양의 질소 농축으로 인해 균사공동체 또는 인간 활동이 질소 순환에 영향을 미침) 인간 공동체에서 월드 와이드 웹(WWW)에 의해 중개되는 많은 역할과 유사하게, 균근 네트워크가 삼림 지대에서 수행하는 것으로 보이는 많은 역할은 구어체 별명인 우드 와이드 웹(Wood Wide Web)을 얻었다..역할은 구어체 별명인 우드 와이드 웹(Wood Wide Web)을 얻었다..
, A Mycorrhizal network (also known as a com … A Mycorrhizal network (also known as a common mycorrhizal network or CMN) is an underground network found in forests and other plant communities, created by the hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi joining with plant roots. This network connects individual plants together and transfers water, carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients and minerals between participants. Several studies have demonstrated that mycorrhizal networks can transport carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, water, defense compounds, and allelochemicals from plant to plant. The flux of nutrients and water through hyphal networks has been proposed to be driven by a source–sink model, where plants growing under conditions of relatively high resource availability (e.g., high-light or high-nitrogen environments) transfer carbon or nutrients toironments) transfer carbon or nutrients to
, شبكات مايكورهيزال (المعروف أيضا باسمالشبكا … شبكات مايكورهيزال (المعروف أيضا باسمالشبكات المشتركة لمايكورهيزال و CMN) التي هي تحت الأرض خيط فطري الشبكات التي تم إنشاؤها بواسطة مايكورهيزال الفطريات التي تربط النباتات الفردية معا ونقل المياه والكربون والنيتروجين وغيرها من العناصر الغذائية والمعادن. تشكيل هذه الشبكات يعتمد على السياق، يمكن أن تتأثر بعوامل مثل خصوبة التربة وتوافر الموارد والمضيفة للنمط الجيني أوالمتكافل الفطري، والاضطرابات التغيرات الموسمية (بسبب تخصيب النيتروجين في التربة التي تؤثر على المجتمعات المتكافئة أو تأثير الأنشطة اللتي يقوم بها الإنسان والتي تؤثر على دورة النيتروجين).ا الإنسان والتي تؤثر على دورة النيتروجين).
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Sieci mikoryzowe
, Wood World Web
, Mycorrhizal network
, Réseau mycorhizien
, Rete micorrizica
, شبكات المايكورهيزال
, 우드 와이드 웹
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