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O edifício Monadnock é um arranha-céu em C … O edifício Monadnock é um arranha-céu em Chicago, caracterizado como pertencente à Escola de Chicago. O edifício de 17 pavimentos é constituído de duas partes. A parte norte foi construída de 1889 a 1891 por Burnham & , e a parte sul de 1891 a 1893 por & . Com 60 metros de altura é na atualidade um dos mais altos edifícios do mundo construído em alvenaria estrutural. mundo construído em alvenaria estrutural.
, The Monadnock Building (historically the M … The Monadnock Building (historically the Monadnock Block; pronounced /məˈnædnɒk/ mə-NAD-nok) is a 16-story skyscraper located at 53 West Jackson Boulevard in the south Loop area of Chicago. The north half of the building was designed by the firm of Burnham & Root and built starting in 1891. The tallest load-bearing brick building ever constructed, it employed the first portal system of wind bracing in America. Its decorative staircases represent the first structural use of aluminum in building construction. The later south half, constructed in 1893, was designed by Holabird & Roche and is similar in color and profile to the original, but the design is more traditionally ornate. When completed, it was the largest office building in the world. The success of the building was the catalyst for an important new business center at the southern end of the Loop. The building was remodeled in 1938 in one of the first major skyscraper renovations ever undertaken—a bid, in part, to revolutionize how building maintenance was done and halt the demolition of Chicago's aging skyscrapers. It was sold in 1979 to owners who restored the building to its original condition, in one of the most comprehensive skyscraper restorations attempted as of 1992. The project was recognized as one of the top restoration projects in the US by the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 1987. The building is divided into offices from 250 square feet (23 m2) to 6,000 square feet (560 m2) in size, and primarily serves independent professional firms. It was listed for sale in 2007. The north half is an unornamented vertical mass of purple-brown brick, flaring gently out at the base and top, with vertically continuous oriel windows projecting out. The south half is vertically divided by brickwork at the base and rises to a large copper cornice at the roof. Projecting oriel windows in both halves allow large exposures of glass, giving the building an open appearance despite its mass. The Monadnock is part of the Printing House Row District, which also includes the Fisher Building, the Manhattan Building, and the Old Colony Building. When it was built, many critics called the building too extreme, and lacking in style. Others found in its lack of ornamentation the natural extension of its commercial purpose and an expression of modern business life. Early 20th-century European architects found inspiration in its attention to purpose and functional expression. It was one of the first buildings named a Chicago Architectural Landmark in 1958. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and named as part of the National Historic Landmark South Dearborn Street – Printing House Row North Historic District in 1976. Modern critics have called it a "classic", a "triumph of unified design", and "one of the most exciting aesthetic experiences America's commercial architecture produced".erica's commercial architecture produced".
, Мо́наднок-би́лдинг (англ. Monadnock Buildi … Мо́наднок-би́лдинг (англ. Monadnock Building) — одно из первых зданий в Чикаго, получивших название «небоскрёб», и последнее высотное здание, выполненное в старой традиции кирпичной архитектуры, использующей кирпичные стены в качестве несущей конструкции высотных домов. Занимает половину квартала в деловом центре города (между рекой Чикаго и озером Мичиган), выходит фасадом на Дирборн-стрит между улицами Джексона и Ван Бюрена. Согласно сложившейся традиции начала XX века, здания выше 10 этажей называли «небоскрёбами» (англ. skyscraper). Оно состоит из 16 этажей (17 этаж — пентхаус) и имеет 65,5 метров в высоту. Небоскрёб был не самым высоким зданием в Чикаго, но его толстые каменные стены и сдержанный дизайн сделали его одной из городских достопримечательностей. Здание возводилось по проекту архитекторов Даниела Хадсона Бёрнема и Джона Уилтона Рута (John Wellborn Root), представителей Чикагской архитектурной школы. Название небоскрёб получил по наименованию горы Монаднок в Нью-Гэмпшире. Северная часть здания построена в 1891 году, южная — в 1893 году. Южная половина Монаднок-билдинга имеет карнизы и аркадоподобные дополнения, вопреки традициям чикагской архитектурной школы. На момент постройки это было крупнейшее офисное здание в мире.В 1958 году здание включено в список архитектурных достопримечательностей Чикаго (Chicago Landmarks), в 1970 году — в Национальный реестр исторических мест США.Национальный реестр исторических мест США.
, 모내드녹 빌딩(Monadnock)은 미국 시카고에 위치하는 빌딩이다. 건설된 … 모내드녹 빌딩(Monadnock)은 미국 시카고에 위치하는 빌딩이다. 건설된지(1891년 건설) 100년이 넘었으며, 현재까지 남아있는 건물중에서 가장 오래된 고층건물이다. 총 16층으로 구성되어 있다. 이때는 초고층건물을 짓는 기술이 지금과는 많이 달라서 모내드녹은 전부 벽돌로 지어졌다고 한다. 벽돌만으로 건물 위쪽의 무게를 감당하기 위해서 어마어마한 양의 벽돌이 들어갔다. 이 건물의 아래쪽 벽은 두께만 해도 무려 1.8m나 된다. 이렇게 벽을 두껍게 만든 이유는 벽돌로 건물의 무게를 지탱하기 위해서 있어야 하는 것이 바로 ‘내력벽’이기 때문이다. 여기서 내력벽이란 ‘건물의 무게를 지탱하는 벽’을 말한다.’이기 때문이다. 여기서 내력벽이란 ‘건물의 무게를 지탱하는 벽’을 말한다.
, De Monadnock Building is een 17 verdieping … De Monadnock Building is een 17 verdiepingen hoog appartementengebouw in de Amerikaanse stad Chicago. Het bijzondere aan dit gebouw is dat de noordelijke helft volledig van metselwerk is gebouwd. Het gebouw bevat dus geen staalcontructie. Het gebouw is vernoemd naar de geologische term Monadnock (in het Nederlands Inselberg) die wordt gebruikt voor een alleenstaande berg die midden tussen het laagland staat. Met de hoogte van dit gebouw is het uiterste uit de normale metseltechniek gehaald. Om het geheel te kunnen dragen hebben de muren aan de onderkant een dikte van bijna twee meter. Het gebouw werd gebouwd in de periode 1889 tot 1893. Eerst werd het noordelijke deel gebouwd. Dit was zo zwaar dat het gebouw tijdens de bouw meer dan een meter in de grond wegzakte. Toen men in 1891 aan het zuidelijke deel begon besloot men om toch maar een stalen geraamte te gebruiken. hierdoor heeft het zuidelijke deel dunnere muren en grotere ramen. Op 20 november 1970 is het gebouw toegevoegd aan het National Register of Historic Places. het National Register of Historic Places.
, Il Monadnock Building è un grattacielo sit … Il Monadnock Building è un grattacielo situato al numero 53 di West Jackson Boulevard, nella zona sud di Chicago, Illinois. In parte è stato progettato dallo studio Burnham & Root, e fu eretto nel 1891 con il record imbattuto di più alto edificio con telaio in ferro e struttura portante in mattoni. Le sue scale interne detengono un altro primato: si tratta infatti del primo impiego strutturale in architettura dell'alluminio leggero.le in architettura dell'alluminio leggero.
, The Monadnock Building (historiskt namn: M … The Monadnock Building (historiskt namn: Monadnock Block), är en amerikansk skyskrapa på 53 West Jackson Boulevard i Chicago, Illinois. Den norra delen av byggnaden designades av Burnham & Root och byggdes i tegel 1891 och när den södra delen byggdes två år senare hade byggnadstekniken utvecklats. Den andra delen av byggnaden, som ritades av Holabird & Roche, är en stålbyggnad med fasad i tegel. Byggnaden registrerades i National Register of Historic Places 1970 och utnämndes till National Historic Landmark som en del av South Dearborn Street – Printing House Row North Historic District 1976.ng House Row North Historic District 1976.
, Monadnock Building – zbudowany w Chicago w … Monadnock Building – zbudowany w Chicago w latach 1891–1893 protowieżowiec. Jest najwyższym budynkiem o konstrukcji murowanej, ma 16 kondygnacji, a jego wysokość wynosi 60 metrów. Jego projektantem był . Po ukończeniu był największym budynkiem biurowym na świecie.największym budynkiem biurowym na świecie.
, Le Monadnock Building, parfois connu sous … Le Monadnock Building, parfois connu sous le nom de Monadnock Block, est un bâtiment historique de la ville de Chicago, aux États-Unis. D'une hauteur de 65,75 mètres pour 17 étages, le bâtiment est situé au 53 West Jackson Boulevard dans le district historique de Printing House Row District, dans le secteur du Loop (Downtown Chicago). À proximité immédiate se trouvent la Harold Washington Library (à l'est) et Federal Plaza (au nord) avec le Dirksen Federal Building et le Kluczynski Federal Building, tous deux conçus par l'architecte allemand Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Dans la moitié nord les murs de maçonnerie ont 2 mètres d'épaisseur à la base et diminuent de largeur à chaque étage, tandis que dans la moitié sud les murs à armature métallique sont beaucoup moins larges et les étages plus uniformes. Il s'est enfoncé de 1,50 m en un siècle[réf. nécessaire]. La moitié nord du bâtiment a été réalisée par Daniel Burnham et John Wellborn Root en 1889-1891 ; la moitié sud par Holabird & Roche en 1891-1893. C'est actuellement le plus ancien gratte-ciel de Chicago, les Home Insurance Building et Montauk Building ayants été démolis. À son achèvement, de nombreuses critiques qualifiaient le bâtiment de trop massif et manquant d'originalité. D'autres trouvèrent dans son absence d'ornementation le prolongement naturel de son objectif commercial et une expression de l'architecture commerciale moderne. Les architectes européens du début du XXe siècle se sont inspirés de l'attention portée à l'objectif et à l'expression fonctionnelle du bâtiment. Le Monadnock Building a été ajouté sur le Registre national des lieux historiques (National Register of Historic Places) le 20 novembre 1970 par le National Park Service, et désigné comme faisant partie du district historique de South Dearborn Street - Printing House Row North en 1976. Il a également été classé sur la liste des monuments historiques de la ville (Chicago Landmark) le 14 novembre 1973 par le conseil municipal de Chicago. Les critiques contemporaines le qualifie de « classique », de « triomphe de la conception unifiée » et de « l'une des expériences esthétiques les plus passionnantes produites par l'architecture commerciale américaine ».r l'architecture commerciale américaine ».
, Das Monadnock Building ist ein Hochhaus in … Das Monadnock Building ist ein Hochhaus in Chicago, das zur Chicagoer Schule gerechnet wird. Das 17 Stockwerke hohe Bürogebäude besteht aus zwei Teilen. Der nördliche Teil wurde 1889–91 von Burnham & Root errichtet, der südliche 1891–93 von Holabird & Roche. Mit 60 Metern Höhe ist es bis heute eines der höchsten Hochhäuser der Welt mit einem tragenden Mauerwerk.er der Welt mit einem tragenden Mauerwerk.
, El Monadnock Building (históricamente, el … El Monadnock Building (históricamente, el Bloque Monadnock) es un rascacielos situado en el 53 West Jackson Boulevard en el área de la comunidad de South Loop de Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos. La mitad norte del edificio fue diseñada por la firma de Burnham & Root y, más tarde, construida en 1891. En el más alto edificio comercial de mampostería portante que se haya construido se empleó el sistema de primer portal de viento preparado en Estados Unidos. Sus escaleras decorativas representan el primer uso de aluminio en la construcción de edificios. La mitad sur, construida en 1893, fue diseñada por el Holabird & Roche y es similar en color y en perfil a la original, pero el diseño es más tradicional. Cuando se completó, fue el edificio de oficinas más grande del mundo. El éxito de la construcción fue el catalizador de un importante centro de negocios nuevos en el extremo sur del Loop. El edificio fue remodelado en 1938, una de las primeras renovaciones de grandes rascacielos que se hicieron - un intento, en parte, de revolucionar la forma en que se realizaba el mantenimiento de edificios y detener la demolición de los viejos rascacielos de Chicago. Fue vendido en 1979 a los propietarios que restauraron el edificio a su estado original, una de las restauraciones rascacielos más completa tratándose de 1992. El proyecto fue reconocido como uno de los proyectos de restauración más importantes del país por el Fondo Nacional para la Preservación Histórica en 1987. El edificio está dividido sirve principalmente a firmas profesionales independientes. Se encuentra a la venta en 2007 en las oficinas de 250 metros cuadrados (23 m²) a 6.000 pies cuadrados (560 m²) de tamaño. La mitad norte es una masa sin adornos verticales de ladrillo de color púrpura-marrón, quema suavemente en la base y la parte superior, con ventanales verticales continuas, que sobresalen. La mitad sur se encuentra dividida verticalmente por ladrillo en la base y se eleva a una cornisa grande de cobre en el techo. Proyección de las bahías ventana en dos mitades permitirá a los grandes riesgos de vidrio, dando al edificio un aspecto abierto a pesar de su masa. El Monadnock es parte de la Imprenta de fila del Distrito, que también incluye la construcción de Fisher, el Manhattan Building, y el Old Colony Building. Cuando se construyó, muchos críticos llamaban al edificio extremo, y carente de estilo. Otros encontraron en su falta de ornamentación la prolongación natural de su finalidad comercial y una expresión de la vida empresarial moderna. Principios de siglo XX arquitectos europeos del siglo encontró la inspiración en su atención al propósito y la expresión funcional. Fue uno de los primeros edificios de arquitectura de Chicago nombró a un lugar de referencia en 1958. Se añadió a Registro Nacional de Lugares Históricos en 1970, y nombró como parte del Monumento Histórico Nacional South Dearborn Street, Imprenta de fila del Norte del Distrito Histórico en 1976. Los críticos modernos lo han llamado un "clásico", un "triunfo de diseño unificado", y "una de las experiencias estéticas más emocionantes que la arquitectura comercial de Estados Unidos haya producido".ercial de Estados Unidos haya producido".
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Burnham & Root and Holabird & Roche
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1891
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Sketch of vastly simplified 1889 design, abolishing ornamentation entirely in favor of plain contoured brick
, Building seen from Dearborn Street in 2005. The north half in the foreground is the earliest section .
, 1885
, Restored corridor showing marble wainscot, oak and chipped glass partitions, full ceiling height, and open ornamental stairs
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Chicago Landmark
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Chicago Landmark
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horizontal
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Detail of replica ceiling fixture, mosaic tile, and wall fixture found in the retail lobby in 2010
, "Progressive styling" of older offices into more modern art deco suites in 1938 included replacing small partitioned spaces with larger offices and sheer plaster walls, and installing closets, cabinets, and radiator covers.
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220
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Chicago, Illinois, US
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USA Illinois#United States Chicago Loop
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Monadnock Block
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Il Monadnock Building è un grattacielo sit … Il Monadnock Building è un grattacielo situato al numero 53 di West Jackson Boulevard, nella zona sud di Chicago, Illinois. In parte è stato progettato dallo studio Burnham & Root, e fu eretto nel 1891 con il record imbattuto di più alto edificio con telaio in ferro e struttura portante in mattoni. Le sue scale interne detengono un altro primato: si tratta infatti del primo impiego strutturale in architettura dell'alluminio leggero.le in architettura dell'alluminio leggero.
, De Monadnock Building is een 17 verdieping … De Monadnock Building is een 17 verdiepingen hoog appartementengebouw in de Amerikaanse stad Chicago. Het bijzondere aan dit gebouw is dat de noordelijke helft volledig van metselwerk is gebouwd. Het gebouw bevat dus geen staalcontructie. Het gebouw is vernoemd naar de geologische term Monadnock (in het Nederlands Inselberg) die wordt gebruikt voor een alleenstaande berg die midden tussen het laagland staat. Met de hoogte van dit gebouw is het uiterste uit de normale metseltechniek gehaald. Om het geheel te kunnen dragen hebben de muren aan de onderkant een dikte van bijna twee meter. onderkant een dikte van bijna twee meter.
, 모내드녹 빌딩(Monadnock)은 미국 시카고에 위치하는 빌딩이다. 건설된 … 모내드녹 빌딩(Monadnock)은 미국 시카고에 위치하는 빌딩이다. 건설된지(1891년 건설) 100년이 넘었으며, 현재까지 남아있는 건물중에서 가장 오래된 고층건물이다. 총 16층으로 구성되어 있다. 이때는 초고층건물을 짓는 기술이 지금과는 많이 달라서 모내드녹은 전부 벽돌로 지어졌다고 한다. 벽돌만으로 건물 위쪽의 무게를 감당하기 위해서 어마어마한 양의 벽돌이 들어갔다. 이 건물의 아래쪽 벽은 두께만 해도 무려 1.8m나 된다. 이렇게 벽을 두껍게 만든 이유는 벽돌로 건물의 무게를 지탱하기 위해서 있어야 하는 것이 바로 ‘내력벽’이기 때문이다. 여기서 내력벽이란 ‘건물의 무게를 지탱하는 벽’을 말한다.’이기 때문이다. 여기서 내력벽이란 ‘건물의 무게를 지탱하는 벽’을 말한다.
, Das Monadnock Building ist ein Hochhaus in … Das Monadnock Building ist ein Hochhaus in Chicago, das zur Chicagoer Schule gerechnet wird. Das 17 Stockwerke hohe Bürogebäude besteht aus zwei Teilen. Der nördliche Teil wurde 1889–91 von Burnham & Root errichtet, der südliche 1891–93 von Holabird & Roche. Mit 60 Metern Höhe ist es bis heute eines der höchsten Hochhäuser der Welt mit einem tragenden Mauerwerk.er der Welt mit einem tragenden Mauerwerk.
, Monadnock Building – zbudowany w Chicago w … Monadnock Building – zbudowany w Chicago w latach 1891–1893 protowieżowiec. Jest najwyższym budynkiem o konstrukcji murowanej, ma 16 kondygnacji, a jego wysokość wynosi 60 metrów. Jego projektantem był . Po ukończeniu był największym budynkiem biurowym na świecie.największym budynkiem biurowym na świecie.
, The Monadnock Building (historiskt namn: M … The Monadnock Building (historiskt namn: Monadnock Block), är en amerikansk skyskrapa på 53 West Jackson Boulevard i Chicago, Illinois. Den norra delen av byggnaden designades av Burnham & Root och byggdes i tegel 1891 och när den södra delen byggdes två år senare hade byggnadstekniken utvecklats. Den andra delen av byggnaden, som ritades av Holabird & Roche, är en stålbyggnad med fasad i tegel. Byggnaden registrerades i National Register of Historic Places 1970 och utnämndes till National Historic Landmark som en del av South Dearborn Street – Printing House Row North Historic District 1976.ng House Row North Historic District 1976.
, O edifício Monadnock é um arranha-céu em C … O edifício Monadnock é um arranha-céu em Chicago, caracterizado como pertencente à Escola de Chicago. O edifício de 17 pavimentos é constituído de duas partes. A parte norte foi construída de 1889 a 1891 por Burnham & , e a parte sul de 1891 a 1893 por & . Com 60 metros de altura é na atualidade um dos mais altos edifícios do mundo construído em alvenaria estrutural. mundo construído em alvenaria estrutural.
, Le Monadnock Building, parfois connu sous … Le Monadnock Building, parfois connu sous le nom de Monadnock Block, est un bâtiment historique de la ville de Chicago, aux États-Unis. D'une hauteur de 65,75 mètres pour 17 étages, le bâtiment est situé au 53 West Jackson Boulevard dans le district historique de Printing House Row District, dans le secteur du Loop (Downtown Chicago). À proximité immédiate se trouvent la Harold Washington Library (à l'est) et Federal Plaza (au nord) avec le Dirksen Federal Building et le Kluczynski Federal Building, tous deux conçus par l'architecte allemand Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.hitecte allemand Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
, The Monadnock Building (historically the M … The Monadnock Building (historically the Monadnock Block; pronounced /məˈnædnɒk/ mə-NAD-nok) is a 16-story skyscraper located at 53 West Jackson Boulevard in the south Loop area of Chicago. The north half of the building was designed by the firm of Burnham & Root and built starting in 1891. The tallest load-bearing brick building ever constructed, it employed the first portal system of wind bracing in America. Its decorative staircases represent the first structural use of aluminum in building construction. The later south half, constructed in 1893, was designed by Holabird & Roche and is similar in color and profile to the original, but the design is more traditionally ornate. When completed, it was the largest office building in the world. The success of the building was the catalyst forccess of the building was the catalyst for
, El Monadnock Building (históricamente, el … El Monadnock Building (históricamente, el Bloque Monadnock) es un rascacielos situado en el 53 West Jackson Boulevard en el área de la comunidad de South Loop de Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos. La mitad norte del edificio fue diseñada por la firma de Burnham & Root y, más tarde, construida en 1891. En el más alto edificio comercial de mampostería portante que se haya construido se empleó el sistema de primer portal de viento preparado en Estados Unidos. Sus escaleras decorativas representan el primer uso de aluminio en la construcción de edificios. La mitad sur, construida en 1893, fue diseñada por el Holabird & Roche y es similar en color y en perfil a la original, pero el diseño es más tradicional. Cuando se completó, fue el edificio de oficinas más grande del mundo. El éxito de la coas más grande del mundo. El éxito de la co
, Мо́наднок-би́лдинг (англ. Monadnock Buildi … Мо́наднок-би́лдинг (англ. Monadnock Building) — одно из первых зданий в Чикаго, получивших название «небоскрёб», и последнее высотное здание, выполненное в старой традиции кирпичной архитектуры, использующей кирпичные стены в качестве несущей конструкции высотных домов. Занимает половину квартала в деловом центре города (между рекой Чикаго и озером Мичиган), выходит фасадом на Дирборн-стрит между улицами Джексона и Ван Бюрена.стрит между улицами Джексона и Ван Бюрена.
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Monadnock Building
, Edifício Monadnock
, 모내드녹 빌딩
, Монаднок-билдинг
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