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المحاكم المختلطة في مصر (بالفرنسية: Tribun … المحاكم المختلطة في مصر (بالفرنسية: Tribunaux Mixtes d'Egypte، وبالإنجليزية: Mixed Courts of Egypt) هي محاكم أنشئت في مصر في القرن التاسع عشر ليتقاضى إليها رعايا الدول الأوروبية، الذين كانت المعاهدات تمنع تعاملهم مع القضاء المصري المحلي. افتتح المحاكم المختلطة الخديو إسماعيل في 28 يونيو 1875، في حفل أقيم بسراي رأس التين بالإسكندرية، وكان ناظر الحقانية آنذاك هو شريف باشا، وشهد الحفل توفيق باشا (الخديو توفيق فيما بعد) بصفته ناظرًا للداخلية، ونوبار باشا، والأمير منصور باشا، وإسماعيل صديق باشا ناظر المالية، ولفيف من الأمراء والوجهاء وقناصل الدول الأجنبية. خصص لمحكمة مصر المختلطة دار الحكومة بحارة العسيلي بالموسكي، وعُقدت أول جلساتها في أول فبراير 1876. ألغيت المحاكم المختلطة والقضاء القنصلي اعتبارًا من 15 أكتوبر 1949، بموجب القانون رقم 115 الصادر في 12 يوليو 1948 (5 رمضان 1367 هـ).الصادر في 12 يوليو 1948 (5 رمضان 1367 هـ).
, Die Gemischten Gerichtshöfe in Ägypten war … Die Gemischten Gerichtshöfe in Ägypten waren Gerichte in Ägypten während der britischen Herrschaft und der sich daran anschließenden Zeit des Königreichs Ägypten, die vor allem der Verhandlung von zivil- und wirtschaftsrechtlichen Streitfällen zwischen Einheimischen und Ausländern sowie zwischen Ausländern verschiedener Nationalitäten dienten. Eine geplante Zuständigkeit im Bereich des Strafrechts wurde hingegen in der Praxis nicht realisiert. Die aus zwei Instanzen bestehenden Gerichtshöfe waren sowohl mit ausländischen als auch mit einheimischen Richtern besetzt. Sie hatten ihren Sitz in Alexandria, Kairo sowie al-Mansura und existierten von 1876 bis 1949.Mansura und existierten von 1876 bis 1949.
, The Mixed Courts of Egypt (Arabic: المحاكم … The Mixed Courts of Egypt (Arabic: المحاكم المختلطة, transliterated: Al-Maḥākim al-Mukhṭaliṭah, French: Tribunaux Mixtes d'Egypte) were founded in October 1875 by the Khedive Isma'il Pasha. Designed by Nubar Nubarian Pasha to be part of the Khedive's great plans for Egypt, the Mixed Courts led to a radical reform of Egypt's chaotic nineteenth century legal system, where Consular courts competed with Government tribunals and religious courts for jurisdiction. The completion of the Suez Canal (1869) and the development of the cotton trade had attracted many foreign interests and foreign nationals to Egypt. The Mixed Courts had Codes, based on a civil law format inspired by the French Civil Code and British common law but with significant Islamic and local principles. Without suppressing the Consular courts - which would have been diplomatically impossible - the Mixed Courts were intended to streamline legal issues between foreign nationals, and between foreigners and Egyptians. Three courts were established in Cairo, Mansoura and in Alexandria; the proceedings were held in French. Judges were appointed by the Khedive from leading Egyptian and foreign candidates. "The judiciary was at all times under the authority of the rulers of Egypt." There were three districts. The establishment of the courts, hearing disputes between Egyptians and foreigners and between foreigners of different nationalities, was so successful that new, so-called Native courts were set up in 1883, after the British Occupation of 1882. The 1883 Codes were based on those of 1875, and the judges, mostly Egyptian, tended to follow the Mixed Courts’ interpretation of the law. The Mixed Courts, by being the foremost judicial authority between 1875 and 1949 (when their functions were transferred to new National Courts) sat in times of political and social change in Egypt. Their decisions reflect the human and commercial history of the area, and involved complicated issues of law. The problems of sovereign immunity, sequestration of enemy property, international banking and maritime commerce were shadowed by the recognition and enforcement of divorces, legitimacy, and marriage contracts affecting people of different religions and nationalities. In between were a whole range of the usual types of legal disputes, such as trademarks and patents, and industrial injuries, without any developed theories at all that could be drawn upon for inspiration, either from inside or outside the country.either from inside or outside the country.
, De Gemengde rechtbanken van Egypte waren bijzondere rechtbanken die in Egypte werkzaam waren van 1875 tot 1949.
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Die Gemischten Gerichtshöfe in Ägypten war … Die Gemischten Gerichtshöfe in Ägypten waren Gerichte in Ägypten während der britischen Herrschaft und der sich daran anschließenden Zeit des Königreichs Ägypten, die vor allem der Verhandlung von zivil- und wirtschaftsrechtlichen Streitfällen zwischen Einheimischen und Ausländern sowie zwischen Ausländern verschiedener Nationalitäten dienten. Eine geplante Zuständigkeit im Bereich des Strafrechts wurde hingegen in der Praxis nicht realisiert. Die aus zwei Instanzen bestehenden Gerichtshöfe waren sowohl mit ausländischen als auch mit einheimischen Richtern besetzt. Sie hatten ihren Sitz in Alexandria, Kairo sowie al-Mansura und existierten von 1876 bis 1949.Mansura und existierten von 1876 bis 1949.
, The Mixed Courts of Egypt (Arabic: المحاكم … The Mixed Courts of Egypt (Arabic: المحاكم المختلطة, transliterated: Al-Maḥākim al-Mukhṭaliṭah, French: Tribunaux Mixtes d'Egypte) were founded in October 1875 by the Khedive Isma'il Pasha. Designed by Nubar Nubarian Pasha to be part of the Khedive's great plans for Egypt, the Mixed Courts led to a radical reform of Egypt's chaotic nineteenth century legal system, where Consular courts competed with Government tribunals and religious courts for jurisdiction. The completion of the Suez Canal (1869) and the development of the cotton trade had attracted many foreign interests and foreign nationals to Egypt. interests and foreign nationals to Egypt.
, De Gemengde rechtbanken van Egypte waren bijzondere rechtbanken die in Egypte werkzaam waren van 1875 tot 1949.
, المحاكم المختلطة في مصر (بالفرنسية: Tribun … المحاكم المختلطة في مصر (بالفرنسية: Tribunaux Mixtes d'Egypte، وبالإنجليزية: Mixed Courts of Egypt) هي محاكم أنشئت في مصر في القرن التاسع عشر ليتقاضى إليها رعايا الدول الأوروبية، الذين كانت المعاهدات تمنع تعاملهم مع القضاء المصري المحلي. افتتح المحاكم المختلطة الخديو إسماعيل في 28 يونيو 1875، في حفل أقيم بسراي رأس التين بالإسكندرية، وكان ناظر الحقانية آنذاك هو شريف باشا، وشهد الحفل توفيق باشا (الخديو توفيق فيما بعد) بصفته ناظرًا للداخلية، ونوبار باشا، والأمير منصور باشا، وإسماعيل صديق باشا ناظر المالية، ولفيف من الأمراء والوجهاء وقناصل الدول الأجنبية.من الأمراء والوجهاء وقناصل الدول الأجنبية.
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Mixed Courts of Egypt
, Gemischte Gerichtshöfe in Ägypten
, محاكم مختلطة (مصر)
, Gemengde rechtbanken van Egypte
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