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After a series of impressive victories in … After a series of impressive victories in the Great Turkish War, Austria found itself at war with France again along the Grand Alliance. Still, Austria and its allies managed to win impressive victories like Turin & Blenheim, plus the Austrians successfully crushed uprisings in Hungary & Bavaria. However, the French victory at Denain secured the Bourbon throne in Spain. Still, the Austrians fought well and enjoyed great territorial gains in the Treaty of Rastatt. In 1716 the Ottomans once again invaded Austria, but the military genius Prince Eugene of Savoy outmarched them in the battles of Petrovaradin and Belgrade, expanding Austria to its greatest territorial extent. Meanwhile, the Spanish wanted to recapture their lost territories, but Austria and its allies stopped them. In the 1730s the skill of Austrian soldiers & generals would temporarily decline. Crushing defeats against the French & Ottomans at Guastalla & Grocka caused the Austrians to lose most of their previously gained territories. Worse, in 1740 Prussia invaded Silesia to become a great power. Austria's defeat against a tiny country convinced many other countries to finally partition it. Prussia, France, Spain, Bavaria, Saxony, Naples, Sardinia and Modena then created an alliance to finally wipe out Austria from the European map. At first, the invasion of Austria went well: The Franco-Bavarian armies quickly invaded Upper Austria and then took Bohemia along with Saxony. Meanwhile, Maria Theresa called the Hungarians for her help and appointed Ludwig Andreas von Khevenhüller as commander-in-chief. Despite not getting help from Britain, Russia and the Netherlands or the promised 60,000 Hungarian troops (only 1/3 of them were ready for combat) yet, Khevenhüller was able to launch a massive offensive that annihilated huge parts of the Franco-Bavarian armies (alone in Linz 10,000 French surrendered). Munich was taken. However, Prussia was still able to take Silesia and leave the war. Meanwhile, Modena was occupied, Sardinia switched sides, and Spain & Naples were unable to control entire North Italy thanks to Otto Ferdinand von Abensperg und Traun. Saxony switched sides as well in 1743. In 1744 Frederick the Great even tried to conquer Bohemia, but Austro-Saxon forces harassed his supply lines and forced him to retreat. His victory at Hohenfriedberg however allowed him to keep Silesia, despite the decisive Bavarian defeat. The war ended in 1748. Maria Theresa then began massive military reforms. When the Seven Years' War started, Prussia enjoyed initial success by conquering Saxony and Prague. However, the Austrians took advantage of their poor performance and defeated the Prussians at Kolín & Hochkirch. After Kunersdorf the Prussians were so close to defeat that only the Miracle of the House of Brandenburg saved them from certain destruction. In a last-ditch effort, Prussia beat Austria at Torgau and so the war became an inconclusive stalemate, which was arguably still more satisfactory for Prussia. After that, Austria didn't see so much military actions. It joined the Polish partitions (note that Austria was less oppressive to Poles than the other two), fought another inconclusive struggle against Prussia and beat the Ottomans along with Russia in the Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791).sia in the Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791).
, كانت الحدود العسكرية وسيلة مهمة دافعت بها … كانت الحدود العسكرية وسيلة مهمة دافعت بها النمسا عن نفسها ضد العثمانيين. ما يلي هو تاريخ للتاريخ العسكري النمساوي. من 1804 إلى 1867, كان الجيش الإمبراطوري والملكي (Kaiserlich-königliche Armee), وكذلك البحرية، أعضاء في الإمبراطورية النمساوية (1804-1867).
* الجيش الإمبراطوري والملكي أثناء الحروب النابليونية (1773-1815) من عام 1867 إلى عام 1918، كان الجيش النمساوي المجري بمثابة القوة البرية للإمبراطورية النمساوية المجرية. كان يتألف من الجيش المشترك (تم تجنيده من أي مكان), و Landwehr النمساوي (تم تجنيده فقط من سيسليثانيا). و Honvéd المجري (تم تجنيده فقط من Transleithania). هذه أسماء رسمية بالألمانية:
* كانت أفواج الجيش المشترك «الإمبراطورية والملكية» - kaiserlich und königlich (k.u.k.)
* كانت أفواج Landwehr النمساوية «الإمبراطورية الملكية» - kaiserlich-königlich (k.k.).
* كانت أفواج هونفيد الهنغارية «ملكية هنغارية» - königlich ungarisch (k.u.) تواجد هذا الجيش منذ تأسيس النظام الملكي المزدوج عام 1867 حتى نهاية الحرب العالمية الأولى عام 1918. كانت البحرية النمساوية المجرية هي القوة البحرية للإمبراطورية النمساوية المجرية. كان اسمها الرسمي بالألمانية Kaiserlich und königliche Kriegsmarine («البحرية الإمبراطورية والملكية»، والمعروفة أيضًا بالاختصار.k.u.k). بين عامي 1918 و 1921, عرفت القوات العسكرية باسم Volkswehr (دفاع الشعب). من عام 1921 حتى الوقت الحاضر (باستثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية (1938-1945))، كان اسم الجيش النمساوي هو Bundesheer («الجيش الفيدرالي»). الفروع هي القوات البرية (KdoLdSK) والقوات الجوية (KdoLuSK). في عام 1955, أعلنت النمسا حيادها الأبدي وجعلت الحياد قانونًا دستورياً. منذ ذلك الحين، كان الهدف الرئيسي للجيش النمساوي هو حماية حياد النمسا.
* بوابة النمساساوي هو حماية حياد النمسا.
* بوابة النمسا
, Der Artikel Österreichische Militärgeschichte soll einen Überblick über die Entwicklung und den Status der Streitkräfte, der militärischen Einrichtungen und der Rüstungsindustrie in den verschiedenen Epochen geben.
, L'armée autrichienne a reçu différentes dé … L'armée autrichienne a reçu différentes dénominations dans son histoire contemporaine. Ainsi, elle est appelée :
* K. und K. Landwehr (« Armée territoriale impériale et royale ») et armée commune, composantes des forces armées austro-hongroises jusqu'en 1918 ;
* de 1918 à 1921 ;
* Bundesheer de 1921 à aujourd'hui, excepté durant l'Anschluss (de 1938 à 1945, voir Wehrmacht)Anschluss (de 1938 à 1945, voir Wehrmacht)
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Der Artikel Österreichische Militärgeschichte soll einen Überblick über die Entwicklung und den Status der Streitkräfte, der militärischen Einrichtungen und der Rüstungsindustrie in den verschiedenen Epochen geben.
, After a series of impressive victories in … After a series of impressive victories in the Great Turkish War, Austria found itself at war with France again along the Grand Alliance. Still, Austria and its allies managed to win impressive victories like Turin & Blenheim, plus the Austrians successfully crushed uprisings in Hungary & Bavaria. However, the French victory at Denain secured the Bourbon throne in Spain. Still, the Austrians fought well and enjoyed great territorial gains in the Treaty of Rastatt.erritorial gains in the Treaty of Rastatt.
, L'armée autrichienne a reçu différentes dé … L'armée autrichienne a reçu différentes dénominations dans son histoire contemporaine. Ainsi, elle est appelée :
* K. und K. Landwehr (« Armée territoriale impériale et royale ») et armée commune, composantes des forces armées austro-hongroises jusqu'en 1918 ;
* de 1918 à 1921 ;
* Bundesheer de 1921 à aujourd'hui, excepté durant l'Anschluss (de 1938 à 1945, voir Wehrmacht)Anschluss (de 1938 à 1945, voir Wehrmacht)
, كانت الحدود العسكرية وسيلة مهمة دافعت بها … كانت الحدود العسكرية وسيلة مهمة دافعت بها النمسا عن نفسها ضد العثمانيين. ما يلي هو تاريخ للتاريخ العسكري النمساوي. من 1804 إلى 1867, كان الجيش الإمبراطوري والملكي (Kaiserlich-königliche Armee), وكذلك البحرية، أعضاء في الإمبراطورية النمساوية (1804-1867).
* الجيش الإمبراطوري والملكي أثناء الحروب النابليونية (1773-1815) من عام 1867 إلى عام 1918، كان الجيش النمساوي المجري بمثابة القوة البرية للإمبراطورية النمساوية المجرية. كان يتألف من الجيش المشترك (تم تجنيده من أي مكان), و Landwehr النمساوي (تم تجنيده فقط من سيسليثانيا). و Honvéd المجري (تم تجنيده فقط من Transleithania).
* بوابة النمساده فقط من Transleithania).
* بوابة النمسا
|
| rdfs:label |
Histoire de l'armée autrichienne
, تاريخ النمسا العسكري
, Military history of Austria
, Österreichische Militärgeschichte
|
