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قائمة الأحزاب السياسية في هولندا، هولندا بلد متعددة الأحزاب، نادرًا ما يكون لأي حزب فرصة في الحصول على السلطة بمفرده وغالبًا ما تعمل الأحزاب مع بعضها البعض لتشكيل حكومات ائتلافية. لم يفز أي حزب بأغلبية المقاعد منذ .
, В Нидерландах существует многопартийная си … В Нидерландах существует многопартийная система с многочисленными политическими партиями, при которой партии почти не имеют шансов получить власть в одиночку и вынуждены создавать друг с другом коалиционные правительства. Верхняя палата нидерландского парламента, , она же Первая палата, формируется путём непрямых выборов, то есть её членов выбирают не избиратели, а депутаты региональных законодательных органов. Нижняя палата, Палата представителей или Вторая палата, избирается путём прямых всенародных выборов по партийным спискам по системе пропорционального представительства. Особенностью является отсутствие заградительного барьера, что делает возможным получить представительство в парламенте для любой партии, сумевшей набрать не менее 60 000 голосов. С тех пор как эта система была внедрена в 1918 году, ни одна партия не смогла получить абсолютного большинства мест в парламенте. Тем не менее, среди нидерландских партий существует широкий консенсус по основным принципам политической системы, и тем им из них, кто рассчитывает быть частью правительства, приходится идти на взаимные уступки.ства, приходится идти на взаимные уступки.
, Die politischen Parteien in den Niederland … Die politischen Parteien in den Niederlanden haben in dieser parlamentarischen Demokratie eine tragende Rolle. Da es bei den Wahlen keine Sperrklausel gibt, kommen relativ viele Parteien in die bedeutendere Zweite Kammer des niederländischen Parlaments. Im langjährigen Durchschnitt sind es etwa zehn. Theoretisch reichen 0,67 Prozent der Stimmen für einen Sitz aus. Neugründungen, Fusionen und Auflösungen finden daher häufiger statt als beispielsweise in Deutschland. Mehrere Male in der nationalen Regierung waren vertreten:
* Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (VVD, 1948), die (rechten) Liberalen. Den „typischen Rechten“ vermutet man in den Niederlanden vor allem in dieser konservativ-liberalen bzw. wirtschaftsliberalen und immigrationsskeptischen Partei. Ihr politischer Führer Mark Rutte ist seit 2010 im Amt als erster liberaler Ministerpräsident seit 1918.
* Partij van de Arbeid (PvdA, 1946), die Sozialdemokraten. Die PvdA war traditionell der stärkste Widerpart der konfessionellen Parteien. 2002 wurde ihre Fraktion erstmals seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg nicht mehr die größte oder zweitgrößte. Bei den Wahlen 2010 und 2012 lagen die Sozialdemokraten knapp hinter den Rechtsliberalen. PvdA-Ministerpräsident der jüngeren Geschichte war Wim Kok 1994–2002. Von 2007-2010 war Wouter Bos Juniorpartner unter Balkenende, 2012–2017 war es Diederik Samsom unter Rutte.
* Christen-Democratisch Appèl (CDA, gegründet 1980, Wahlliste bereits 1977), die Christdemokraten der rechten Mitte. Der CDA hat die Ministerpräsidenten von 1977–1994 und 2002–2010 gestellt (zuletzt Jan Peter Balkenende). Lange Zeit hatte der CDA die meisten Stimmen erworben, fiel aber 2010 drastisch vom ersten auf den vierten Platz. 2012 verlor die Partei erneut und teilt sich mit SP, PVV und D66 das Niveau einer mittelgroßen Partei.
* Democraten 66 (D66, 1966), die Sozialliberalen, die Partei der politischen Mitte. Sie lagen hinsichtlich der Wählerstimmen lange Zeit deutlich hinter den klassischen großen Drei zurück, gelangten aber 1973–1977, 1981/1982, 1994–2002, 2003–2006 und erneut ab 2017 in die Regierung. Bei der Parlamentswahl 2021 wurden sie erstmals zweitstärkste Kraft.
* ChristenUnie (CU, 2001), eine christliche Partei, vertritt teils konservative, teils soziale Positionen. In den Jahren 2007 bis 2010 und seit 2017 stellte sie Minister. Regierungserfahrung hatten ferner rechtssozialdemokratische DS'70 (1971/1972), linksalternative PPR (1973–1977) und rechtspopulistische LPF (2002–2003). Die rechtspopulistische PVV tolerierte von 2010 bis 2012 das Kabinett von Mark Rutte. Seit 2002 konnten rechtspopulistische Parteien wie die PVV ihren Wähleranhang erheblich steigern. Hinzu kam 2017 Forum voor Democratie. Bereits seit 1918 existiert die ultracalvinistische Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij, die allerdings noch nie in die Regierung gelangt ist. Auf der Linken ist die Socialistische Partij eine länger im Parlament vertretende Oppositionspartei, seit 2006 auch die Tierschutzpartei Partij voor de Dieren. Die niederländische Parteienlandschaft ist vielfältig und von kleinen bis mittelgroßen Parteien geprägt. Die früheren Volksparteien der Christdemokraten und Sozialdemokraten sind in den Jahren nach 2010 auf dieses Niveau gefallen. Von der Größe her stechen nur noch die Rechtsliberalen von Mark Rutte hervor und erreichen weiterhin mehr als 20 Prozent der Stimmen. Niederländische Parteien sind rechtlich wie Vereine organisiert. Sie müssen keinen besonderen Anforderungen genügen, auch nicht etwa demokratisch organisiert sein. Allerdings versucht der Staat über die Parteienfinanzierung die Herkunft der Mittel ansatzweise durchsichtig zu machen. Der Vorsitzende einer niederländischen Partei ist in der Regel nicht der politische Führer, dieser wird gesondert gewählt.che Führer, dieser wird gesondert gewählt.
, This article lists political parties in th … This article lists political parties in the Netherlands, which has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which any one party has little chance of gaining power alone, and parties often work with each other to form coalition governments. The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is no threshold for getting a seat, making it possible for a party to get a seat with only two-thirds percent of the vote—roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes. No party has won a majority of seats since the election of 1894, and no party has even approached the seats needed for a majority since the current proportional representation system was implemented in 1918. All Dutch governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, and all parties must adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.ic chance at being part of the government.
, De lijst van politieke partijen in Nederla … De lijst van politieke partijen in Nederland is een historisch overzicht van politieke partijen die in het heden of het verleden actief zijn geweest in de Nederlandse politiek, op zowel nationaal als lokaal niveau. De lijst van provinciale en lokale (plaatselijke) partijen beperkt zich tot partijen die bij de laatste verkiezingen een of meer zetels hebben gehaald.ezingen een of meer zetels hebben gehaald.
, 네덜란드의 정당 목록이다. 현재 네덜란드의 경우 다당제로 운영하고 있으며, 1946년에 설립된 노동당과 1948년에 설립된 자유민주국민당이 있다.
, Les Pays-Bas sont une monarchie constituti … Les Pays-Bas sont une monarchie constitutionnelle. La consultation de la population par référendum ne s'y fait que très rarement. Les partis politiques néerlandais jouent donc un rôle primordial dans la vie politique, car ils sont les seuls représentants des citoyens dans les prises de décisions à tous niveaux dans le pays. En théorie, selon le mode de scrutin proportionnel, les Néerlandais ne votent donc pas pour une personne mais pour une idéologie exprimée par un parti politique. Au niveau national, le Premier ministre des Pays-Bas est désigné par le roi après les élections parlementaires et un long processus de formation de gouvernement. Traditionnellement, la couronne choisit l'individu dirigeant la formation qui a gagné les élections législatives, le plus grand parti au Parlement. Le nommé va ensuite former une coalition de partis ayant ensemble la majorité au Parlement. Le gouvernement est constitué de personnalités politiques appartenant à ces partis. Ce gouvernement de coalition va ensuite assurer le gouvernement du pays. Actuellement, le pays est dirigé par une coalition de deux partis : le parti libéral VVD et le parti travailliste PvdA. Depuis le début des années 2000, certaines personnalités politiques et leurs discours ont tendance à remplacer la fonction idéologique et organisatrice des formations politiques. En parallèle à cela, on observe un envol des partis à visée locale. Ces partis existaient depuis toujours, avec comme projet de présenter aux élections des habitants du territoire concerné, dont la politique n'est pas le métier. Ils veulent ainsi devenir les porte-parole des électeurs, jouant sur la proximité. Ils connaissent le terrain et leur but est de faire passer au mieux les envies et les projets de la population auprès du conseil communal. Cependant, les campagnes électorales nationales semblent préférer mettre en valeur une personne charismatique au lieu d'un courant idéologique ou politique. Les bourgmestres et les dirigeants de provinces étant nommés par décret royal, seule la tête de liste aux élections législatives est assurée d'obtenir le poste en cas de victoire et de formation de coalition. de victoire et de formation de coalition.
, 荷蘭屬於多黨制，通常由多個政黨組成執政聯盟。
, La listo de politikaj partioj en Nederlando prezentas politikajn partiojn en Nederlando, laŭ la aktuala graveco.
, W Holandii istnieje system wielopartyjny. … W Holandii istnieje system wielopartyjny. Partie konkurują o miejsca w dwóch izbach Stanów Generalnych – 150 osobowej Tweede Kamer (wybory powszechne) i 75-osobowej Eerste Kamer (członkowie delegowani przez parlamenty prowincjonalne). W wyniku wyborów z 2010 w parlamencie znalazło się 10 ugrupowań.0 w parlamencie znalazło się 10 ugrupowań.
, Esta é uma lista dos partidos políticos do … Esta é uma lista dos partidos políticos dos Países Baixos. Os Países Baixos tem um sistema pluripartidário, com vários partidos no qual nenhum partido frequentemente tem a oportunidade de vencer com maioria absoluta, sendo necessário a formação de governo de coligação.ssário a formação de governo de coligação.
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, http://fi.dbpedia.org/resource/Luettelo_Alankomaiden_puolueista +
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This article lists political parties in th … This article lists political parties in the Netherlands, which has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which any one party has little chance of gaining power alone, and parties often work with each other to form coalition governments. The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is no threshold for getting a seat, making it possible for a party to get a seat with only two-thirds percent of the vote—roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.e—roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.
, De lijst van politieke partijen in Nederla … De lijst van politieke partijen in Nederland is een historisch overzicht van politieke partijen die in het heden of het verleden actief zijn geweest in de Nederlandse politiek, op zowel nationaal als lokaal niveau. De lijst van provinciale en lokale (plaatselijke) partijen beperkt zich tot partijen die bij de laatste verkiezingen een of meer zetels hebben gehaald.ezingen een of meer zetels hebben gehaald.
, W Holandii istnieje system wielopartyjny. … W Holandii istnieje system wielopartyjny. Partie konkurują o miejsca w dwóch izbach Stanów Generalnych – 150 osobowej Tweede Kamer (wybory powszechne) i 75-osobowej Eerste Kamer (członkowie delegowani przez parlamenty prowincjonalne). W wyniku wyborów z 2010 w parlamencie znalazło się 10 ugrupowań.0 w parlamencie znalazło się 10 ugrupowań.
, Esta é uma lista dos partidos políticos do … Esta é uma lista dos partidos políticos dos Países Baixos. Os Países Baixos tem um sistema pluripartidário, com vários partidos no qual nenhum partido frequentemente tem a oportunidade de vencer com maioria absoluta, sendo necessário a formação de governo de coligação.ssário a formação de governo de coligação.
, Die politischen Parteien in den Niederland … Die politischen Parteien in den Niederlanden haben in dieser parlamentarischen Demokratie eine tragende Rolle. Da es bei den Wahlen keine Sperrklausel gibt, kommen relativ viele Parteien in die bedeutendere Zweite Kammer des niederländischen Parlaments. Im langjährigen Durchschnitt sind es etwa zehn. Theoretisch reichen 0,67 Prozent der Stimmen für einen Sitz aus. Neugründungen, Fusionen und Auflösungen finden daher häufiger statt als beispielsweise in Deutschland. Mehrere Male in der nationalen Regierung waren vertreten: der nationalen Regierung waren vertreten:
, La listo de politikaj partioj en Nederlando prezentas politikajn partiojn en Nederlando, laŭ la aktuala graveco.
, 네덜란드의 정당 목록이다. 현재 네덜란드의 경우 다당제로 운영하고 있으며, 1946년에 설립된 노동당과 1948년에 설립된 자유민주국민당이 있다.
, В Нидерландах существует многопартийная система с многочисленными политическими партиями, при которой партии почти не имеют шансов получить власть в одиночку и вынуждены создавать друг с другом коалиционные правительства.
, قائمة الأحزاب السياسية في هولندا، هولندا بلد متعددة الأحزاب، نادرًا ما يكون لأي حزب فرصة في الحصول على السلطة بمفرده وغالبًا ما تعمل الأحزاب مع بعضها البعض لتشكيل حكومات ائتلافية. لم يفز أي حزب بأغلبية المقاعد منذ .
, Les Pays-Bas sont une monarchie constituti … Les Pays-Bas sont une monarchie constitutionnelle. La consultation de la population par référendum ne s'y fait que très rarement. Les partis politiques néerlandais jouent donc un rôle primordial dans la vie politique, car ils sont les seuls représentants des citoyens dans les prises de décisions à tous niveaux dans le pays. En théorie, selon le mode de scrutin proportionnel, les Néerlandais ne votent donc pas pour une personne mais pour une idéologie exprimée par un parti politique.idéologie exprimée par un parti politique.
, 荷蘭屬於多黨制，通常由多個政黨組成執政聯盟。
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قائمة الأحزاب السياسية في هولندا
, Liste des partis politiques aux Pays-Bas
, Lijst van politieke partijen in Nederland
, Partie polityczne Holandii
, List of political parties in the Netherlands
, 네덜란드의 정당
, 荷蘭政黨列表
, Lista de partidos políticos nos Países Baixos
, Политические партии Нидерландов
, Politische Parteien in den Niederlanden
, Politikaj partioj en Nederlando
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