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Le massacre de Kragujevac (en serbe cyrill … Le massacre de Kragujevac (en serbe cyrillique : крагујевачки масакр), également connu sous le nom d'Octobre de Kragujevac (Крагујевачки октобар), a eu lieu les 20 et 21 octobre 1941 à Kragujevac, en Serbie. Les Allemands y ont massacré entre 2 300 et 5 000 civils, principalement des Serbes et des Roms. Ce fut l'un des plus grands massacres effectués par l'armée d'occupation allemande dans le pays. Staniša Brkić, directeur du Musée du 21 octobre à Kragujevac a publié un livre dans lequel il a recueilli les noms de 2 796 victimes.il a recueilli les noms de 2 796 victimes.
, Kragujevacmassakern ägde rum i Kragujevac … Kragujevacmassakern ägde rum i Kragujevac i centrala Serbien den 20 och 21 oktober 1941. Det är osäkert hur många människor, främst serber och romer, som mötte döden under massakern. Det rör sig dock om mellan 2800 och 7000 personer, och kanske fler. Den 6 april 1941 invaderade Nazityskland Jugoslavien. I början av oktober 1941 drabbade kommunistiska partisaner och rojalistiska tjetniker samman med soldater ur tyska Wehrmacht i närheten av Gornji Milanovac. Ett stort antal tyska soldater dödades, och den tyske generalen i regionen, Franz Böhme, befallde att 100 civila serber skulle skjutas för varje dödad tysk soldat och 50 civilpersoner för varje sårad tysk soldat. Massakern i Kragujevac var en direkt vedergällningsaktion. Tidigt på morgonen den 19 oktober invaderades staden av tyska trupper. Cirka 10 000 personer, mellan 16 och 60 år, arresterades. Aktionen leddes av major Paul König. Flera tusen serber och romer, däribland 300 skolelever och 18 lärare vid stadens gymnasium, fördes ut ur staden och arkebuserades.um, fördes ut ur staden och arkebuserades.
, مجزرة كراغوييفاتس (بالصربية:крагујевац Мас … مجزرة كراغوييفاتس (بالصربية:крагујевац Масакр والألمانية: Kragujevac Massaker) هي عملية تمّ فيها قتل رجال وشباب من مدينة كراغوييفاتس، صربيا، على أيدي جنود ألمانيا النازية في الفترة بين يومي 20–21 أكتوبر 1941. ولقد تمّ تجميع كافة الرجال من المدينة الذين تتراوح أعمارهم من ستة عشر عامًا إلى ستين من خلال القوات الألمانية وأفراد من فرقة المتطوعين الصربيين والحرس الحكومي الصربي بما في ذلك طلاب المدرسة الثانوية، حيث جرى اختيار الضحايا من بين هؤلاء الطلاب. وفي 29 أكتوبر 1941، أوضح فيليكس بنزلر، المفوض من وزارة الخارجية الألمانية بصربيا، أنه قام بإعدام 2300 شخصًا. وفي نفس الوقت، أفادت التحقيقات التالية التي أجرتها الحكومة اليوغوسلافية بعد الحرب عن إعدام ما بين 5000 إلى 7000 شخص، على الرغم من أن هذه الأرقام لم يثبت صحتها مطلقًا. ولاحقًا، اتفق الباحثون الصربيون والألمان على أن عدد الأشخاص الذين أعدموا يصل إلى 2778. أن عدد الأشخاص الذين أعدموا يصل إلى 2778.
, La masacre de Kragujevac fue una matanza e … La masacre de Kragujevac fue una matanza en masa de entre 2.778 y 2.794 civiles serbios, la mayoría: hombres y niños, en Kragujevac por soldados alemanes el 21 de octubre de 1941. El suceso tuvo lugar en el por el III Reich durante la II Guerra Mundial como represalia por los continuos ataques insurgentes en el distrito de Gornji Milanovac, donde se produjeron bajas entre los soldados germanos: diez fallecidos y veintiséis heridos. El número de rehenes a disparar se calculó mediante un ratio de 100 civiles por cada soldado alemán ejecutado, y 50 por cada herido. Tras una operación punitiva en la que fallecieron 422 civiles varones y cuatro localidades fueron arrasadas, otros setenta ciudadanos de origen judío junto con otros de ideología comunista fueron arrestados y ejecutados. Al mismo tiempo, aquellos de entre 16 (incluyendo estudiantes de instituto) y 60 años fueron agrupados por las tropas nazis y por colaboracionistas para después proceder a la selección. Una vez seleccionados, eran forzados a desfilar a los campos a las afueras, donde se procedería a la matanza y el posterior enterramiento en las fosas comunes. De acuerdo con el registro de la época, pudieron haber fallecido 2.300 presos, cifra que aumentó tras la guerra, donde se llegó a afirmar que fueron cerca de 7.000, no obstante, tanto estudiantes alemanes como serbios coincidieron en la primera cifra dada. Entre los fallecidos se encontraron: judíos, gitanos, musulmanes, macedonios, eslovenos y de otras nacionalidades. Del total de muertos, 144 eran estudiantes de secundaria. Varios militares alemanes de mayor rango fueron juzgados y condenados en Núremberg a causa de las acciones llevadas a cabo. La matanza causó un profundo efecto en el transcurso de la guerra en Yugoslavia. Las dos guerrillas: partisanos (de orientación comunista) y los chetniks (nacionalistas serbios) mantuvieron posturas enfrentadas. El líder de estos últimos: Draža Mihajlović aseguró que de producirse más ataques contra los alemanes, estos supondrían un mayor número de cadáveres serbios. Pronto los alemanes encontraron las ejecuciones masivas "improductivas", puesto que la población era acogida por la insurgencia. El ratio de 100 ejecuciones por soldado muerto y 50 por herido fue reducido a la mitad a partir de febrero de 1943.Al menos 31 fosas comunes fueron descubiertas en Kragujevac y sus alrededores después de la guerra.c y sus alrededores después de la guerra.
, The Kragujevac massacre was the mass murde … The Kragujevac massacre was the mass murder of between 2,778 and 2,794 mostly Serb men and boys in Kragujevac by German soldiers on 21 October 1941. It occurred in the German-occupied territory of Serbia during World War II, and came as a reprisal for insurgent attacks in the Gornji Milanovac district that resulted in the deaths of ten German soldiers and the wounding of 26 others. The number of hostages to be shot was calculated as a ratio of 100 hostages executed for every German soldier killed and 50 hostages executed for every German soldier wounded, a formula devised by Adolf Hitler with the intent of suppressing anti-Nazi resistance in Eastern Europe. After a punitive operation was conducted in the surrounding villages, during which over 400 males were shot and four villages burned down, another 70 male Jews and communists who had been arrested in Kragujevac were killed. Simultaneously, males between the ages of 16 and 60, including high school students, were assembled by German troops and local collaborators, and the victims were selected from amongst them. The selected males were then marched to fields outside the city, shot with heavy machine guns, and their bodies buried in mass graves. Contemporary German military records indicate that 2,300 hostages were shot. After the war, inflated estimates ranged as high as 7,000 deaths, but German and Serbian scholars have now agreed on the figure of nearly 2,800 killed, including 144 high school students. As well as Serbs, massacre victims included Jews, Romani people, Muslims, Macedonians, Slovenes, and members of other nationalities. Several senior German military officials were tried and convicted for their involvement in the reprisal shootings at the Nuremberg trials and the subsequent Nuremberg trials. The massacre had a profound effect on the course of the war in Yugoslavia. It exacerbated tensions between the two guerrilla movements, the communist-led Partisans and the royalist, Serbian nationalist Chetniks, and convinced Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović that further attacks against the Germans would only result in more Serb civilian deaths. The Germans soon found mass executions of Serbs to be ineffectual and counterproductive, as they tended to drive the population into the arms of insurgents. The ratio of 100 executions for one soldier killed and 50 executions for one soldier wounded was reduced by half in February 1943, and removed altogether later in the year. The massacre is commemorated by the October in Kragujevac Memorial Park and the co-located 21 October Museum, and has been the subject of several poems and feature films. The anniversary of the massacre is commemorated annually in Serbia as the Day of Remembrance of the Serbian Victims of World War II.ce of the Serbian Victims of World War II.
, Kragujevský masakr je označení pro vyvražd … Kragujevský masakr je označení pro vyvraždění mužů a chlapců v srbském městě Kragujevac, jež se odehrálo ve dnech 20. a 21. října 1941. Vojáci německého Wehrmachtu zavraždili všechny muže a chlapce z města ve věku od 16 do 60 let; v průběhu jednoho dne bylo popraveno přibližně 2 300 civilistů, včetně studentů místního gymnázia.ilistů, včetně studentů místního gymnázia.
, Pembantaian Kragujevac adalah pembantaian … Pembantaian Kragujevac adalah pembantaian yang dilancarkan oleh tentara Jerman Nazi pada tanggal 21 Oktober 1941 di kota Kragujevac selama Perang Dunia II. Pembantaian ini dilakukan sebagai pembalasan terhadap serangan pemberontak di distrik Gornji Milanovac yang menewaskan 10 tentara Jerman dan melukai 26 lainnya. Tentara Jerman sebelumnya telah memperingatkan bahwa mereka akan membunuh 100 orang Serbia untuk setiap tentara Jerman yang tewas dibunuh oleh pemberontak, dan 50 orang Serbia untuk setiap tentara Jerman yang terluka. Pembantaian ini merenggut nyawa antara 2.778 hingga 2.794 laki-laki Serbia. Setelah melancarkan operasi penghukuman di desa-desa sekitar yang menewaskan 422 laki-laki dan menghanguskan empat desa, 70 laki-laki Yahudi dan komunis yang telah ditangkap di Kragujevac ditembak mati oleh Nazi. Pada saat yang sama, laki-laki yang berusia antara 16 hingga 60 tahun (termasuk siswa SMA) dikumpulkan oleh pasukan Jerman dan kolaborator lokal. Laki-laki yang telah dipilih sebagai korban dipaksa berjalan ke lapangan di luar kota. Mereka kemudian ditembak dengan menggunakan senapan mesin berat dan jenazah mereka dimasukkan ke dalam kuburan massal. Menurut catatan militer Jerman pada saat itu, terdapat 2.300 sandera yang ditembak. Setelah perang berakhir, perkiraan yang dilebih-lebihkan melaporkan 7.000 kematian, tetapi para ahli Jerman dan Serbia kini sepakat bahwa jumlah korban yang tewas hampir mencapai 2.800 orang, termasuk 144 siswa SMA. Selain orang Serbia, orang-orang Yahudi, Rom, Muslim, Makedonia, dan suku bangsa lain juga menjadi korban. Beberapa pejabat militer senior Jerman telah diadili akibat keterlibatan mereka dalam peristiwa ini di Pengadilan Nürnberg. Pembantaian ini telah berdampak besar terhadap jalannya Perang Dunia II di Yugoslavia. Pembantaian ini memperburuk pertikaian antara dua kelompok gerilyawan, yaitu kelompok Partisan komunis dan kelompok Chetnik yang nasionalis dan royalis, terutama karena pemimpin Chetnik Draža Mihailović merasa bahwa serangan terhadap Jerman hanya akan mengakibatkan lebih banyak korban jiwa di pihak Serbia. Sementara itu, Jerman belakangan menyadari bahwa pembantaian massal orang Serbia tidak efektif karena malah membuat warga lokal mendukung para pemberontak. Kebijakan pembunuhan 100 orang Serbia untuk setiap tentara Jerman yang tewas dan 50 orang Serbia untuk setiap tentara Jerman yang terluka kemudian dikurangi setengah pada Februari 1943, dan pada musim gugur tahun 1943 sepenuhnya dihapuskan. Peristiwa ini dikenang oleh dan Museum 21 Oktober.a ini dikenang oleh dan Museum 21 Oktober.
, Die Massaker von Kraljevo und Kragujevac ( … Die Massaker von Kraljevo und Kragujevac (serbisch Масакр у Краљеву и Крагујевцу Masakr u Kraljevu i Kragujevcu) waren Kriegsverbrechen der deutschen Wehrmacht im besetzten Serbien. Bei den beiden größten Erschießungen in Serbien wurden im Oktober 1941 mehr als 4000 Zivilisten getötet. Angehörige der 717. Infanteriedivision erschossen als Vergeltung für einen Hinterhalt, in den eine deutsche Kompanie geraten war, 2300 Bürger der Stadt Kragujevac, gleichzeitig fielen 1700 Einwohner des benachbarten Kraljevo einer ähnlichen „Sühneaktion“ zum Opfer. An den Massakern waren Einheiten des kollaborierenden Serbischen Freiwilligenkommandos und der Serbischen Staatswache beteiligt. und der Serbischen Staatswache beteiligt.
, Il massacro di Kragujevac fu l'omicidio di … Il massacro di Kragujevac fu l'omicidio di massa di uomini e ragazzi, da parte dei soldati tedeschi, avvenuto il 21 ottobre 1941 a Kragujevac, per un numero di vittime variabile tra i 2778 e i 2794 persone, per lo più serbi. Il massacro si verificò nel territorio della Serbia occupata dai tedeschi durante la seconda guerra mondiale come rappresaglia per gli attacchi dei ribelli nel distretto di Gornji Milanovac, tali attacchi provocarono la morte di dieci soldati tedeschi e il ferimento di altri 26. Il numero di ostaggi da fucilare fu calcolato come un rapporto di 100 ostaggi giustiziati per ogni soldato tedesco ucciso e 50 ostaggi giustiziati per ogni soldato tedesco ferito, una formula ideata da Adolf Hitler con l'intento di sopprimere la resistenza antinazista nell'Europa orientale. Dopo che fu condotta un'operazione punitiva nei villaggi circostanti, durante la quale furono uccisi oltre 400 maschi e furono bruciati quattro villaggi, furono uccisi altri 70 ebrei e comunisti maschi in precedenza arrestati a Kragujevac. Contemporaneamente, i maschi di età compresa tra i 16 e i 60 anni, compresi gli studenti delle scuole superiori, furono radunati dalle truppe tedesche e dai collaboratori locali e le vittime furono selezionate tra loro. I maschi selezionati furono quindi condotti nei campi fuori città, colpiti da pesanti mitragliatrici e i loro corpi sepolti in fosse comuni. I registri militari tedeschi contemporanei indicarono che furono fucilati 2300 ostaggi. Dopo la guerra, le stime gonfiate arrivarono a 7000 morti, ma studiosi tedeschi e serbi hanno concordato la cifra di quasi 2800 uccisi, inclusi 144 studenti delle scuole superiori. Oltre ai serbi, le vittime del massacro inclusero ebrei, rom, musulmani, macedoni, sloveni e membri di altre nazionalità. Diversi alti funzionari militari tedeschi furono processati e condannati per il loro coinvolgimento nelle sparatorie per rappresaglia al processo di Norimberga e ai successivi processi di Norimberga. Il massacro ebbe un profondo effetto sul corso della guerra in Jugoslavia. Inasprì le tensioni tra i due movimenti di guerriglia, i partigiani a guida comunista e i cetnici nazionalisti serbi monarchici, e convinse il leader cetnico Draža Mihailović che ulteriori attacchi contro i tedeschi avrebbero solo provocato più morti tra i civili serbi. I tedeschi trovarono presto le esecuzioni di massa dei serbi inefficaci e controproducenti, poiché tesero a spingere la popolazione tra le braccia degli insorti. Il rapporto di 100 esecuzioni per un soldato ucciso e 50 esecuzioni per un soldato ferito fu ridotto della metà nel febbraio 1943 e rimosso del tutto nel corso dell'anno. Il massacro è commemorato dalla manifestazione Ottobre nel Parco commemorativo di Kragujevac e dal Museo del 21 ottobre, ed è stato oggetto di numerose poesie e lungometraggi. L'anniversario del massacro viene commemorato ogni anno in Serbia come Giornata in memoria delle vittime serbe della seconda guerra mondiale.ttime serbe della seconda guerra mondiale.
, Массовые расстрелы в Кралеве и Крагуеваце … Массовые расстрелы в Кралеве и Крагуеваце (нем. Massaker von Kraljevo und Kragujevac, серб. Масакр у Краљеву и Крагујевцу), также Крагуевацский октябрь (серб. Крагујевачки октобар) — военные преступления германского вермахта, совершённые во время оккупации Югославии в октябре 1941. При этих наиболее крупных, но далеко не единственных массовых казнях, были расстреляны свыше 7000 заложников, взятых из мирного населения.0 заложников, взятых из мирного населения.
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La masacre de Kragujevac fue una matanza e … La masacre de Kragujevac fue una matanza en masa de entre 2.778 y 2.794 civiles serbios, la mayoría: hombres y niños, en Kragujevac por soldados alemanes el 21 de octubre de 1941. El suceso tuvo lugar en el por el III Reich durante la II Guerra Mundial como represalia por los continuos ataques insurgentes en el distrito de Gornji Milanovac, donde se produjeron bajas entre los soldados germanos: diez fallecidos y veintiséis heridos. El número de rehenes a disparar se calculó mediante un ratio de 100 civiles por cada soldado alemán ejecutado, y 50 por cada herido.do alemán ejecutado, y 50 por cada herido.
, Массовые расстрелы в Кралеве и Крагуеваце … Массовые расстрелы в Кралеве и Крагуеваце (нем. Massaker von Kraljevo und Kragujevac, серб. Масакр у Краљеву и Крагујевцу), также Крагуевацский октябрь (серб. Крагујевачки октобар) — военные преступления германского вермахта, совершённые во время оккупации Югославии в октябре 1941. При этих наиболее крупных, но далеко не единственных массовых казнях, были расстреляны свыше 7000 заложников, взятых из мирного населения.0 заложников, взятых из мирного населения.
, Pembantaian Kragujevac adalah pembantaian … Pembantaian Kragujevac adalah pembantaian yang dilancarkan oleh tentara Jerman Nazi pada tanggal 21 Oktober 1941 di kota Kragujevac selama Perang Dunia II. Pembantaian ini dilakukan sebagai pembalasan terhadap serangan pemberontak di distrik Gornji Milanovac yang menewaskan 10 tentara Jerman dan melukai 26 lainnya. Tentara Jerman sebelumnya telah memperingatkan bahwa mereka akan membunuh 100 orang Serbia untuk setiap tentara Jerman yang tewas dibunuh oleh pemberontak, dan 50 orang Serbia untuk setiap tentara Jerman yang terluka. Pembantaian ini merenggut nyawa antara 2.778 hingga 2.794 laki-laki Serbia.ntara 2.778 hingga 2.794 laki-laki Serbia.
, Kragujevacmassakern ägde rum i Kragujevac … Kragujevacmassakern ägde rum i Kragujevac i centrala Serbien den 20 och 21 oktober 1941. Det är osäkert hur många människor, främst serber och romer, som mötte döden under massakern. Det rör sig dock om mellan 2800 och 7000 personer, och kanske fler. Den 6 april 1941 invaderade Nazityskland Jugoslavien. 1941 invaderade Nazityskland Jugoslavien.
, Il massacro di Kragujevac fu l'omicidio di … Il massacro di Kragujevac fu l'omicidio di massa di uomini e ragazzi, da parte dei soldati tedeschi, avvenuto il 21 ottobre 1941 a Kragujevac, per un numero di vittime variabile tra i 2778 e i 2794 persone, per lo più serbi. Il massacro si verificò nel territorio della Serbia occupata dai tedeschi durante la seconda guerra mondiale come rappresaglia per gli attacchi dei ribelli nel distretto di Gornji Milanovac, tali attacchi provocarono la morte di dieci soldati tedeschi e il ferimento di altri 26. Il numero di ostaggi da fucilare fu calcolato come un rapporto di 100 ostaggi giustiziati per ogni soldato tedesco ucciso e 50 ostaggi giustiziati per ogni soldato tedesco ferito, una formula ideata da Adolf Hitler con l'intento di sopprimere la resistenza antinazista nell'Europa orientale.istenza antinazista nell'Europa orientale.
, Le massacre de Kragujevac (en serbe cyrill … Le massacre de Kragujevac (en serbe cyrillique : крагујевачки масакр), également connu sous le nom d'Octobre de Kragujevac (Крагујевачки октобар), a eu lieu les 20 et 21 octobre 1941 à Kragujevac, en Serbie. Les Allemands y ont massacré entre 2 300 et 5 000 civils, principalement des Serbes et des Roms. Ce fut l'un des plus grands massacres effectués par l'armée d'occupation allemande dans le pays. Staniša Brkić, directeur du Musée du 21 octobre à Kragujevac a publié un livre dans lequel il a recueilli les noms de 2 796 victimes.il a recueilli les noms de 2 796 victimes.
, Die Massaker von Kraljevo und Kragujevac ( … Die Massaker von Kraljevo und Kragujevac (serbisch Масакр у Краљеву и Крагујевцу Masakr u Kraljevu i Kragujevcu) waren Kriegsverbrechen der deutschen Wehrmacht im besetzten Serbien. Bei den beiden größten Erschießungen in Serbien wurden im Oktober 1941 mehr als 4000 Zivilisten getötet. Angehörige der 717. Infanteriedivision erschossen als Vergeltung für einen Hinterhalt, in den eine deutsche Kompanie geraten war, 2300 Bürger der Stadt Kragujevac, gleichzeitig fielen 1700 Einwohner des benachbarten Kraljevo einer ähnlichen „Sühneaktion“ zum Opfer. An den Massakern waren Einheiten des kollaborierenden Serbischen Freiwilligenkommandos und der Serbischen Staatswache beteiligt. und der Serbischen Staatswache beteiligt.
, The Kragujevac massacre was the mass murde … The Kragujevac massacre was the mass murder of between 2,778 and 2,794 mostly Serb men and boys in Kragujevac by German soldiers on 21 October 1941. It occurred in the German-occupied territory of Serbia during World War II, and came as a reprisal for insurgent attacks in the Gornji Milanovac district that resulted in the deaths of ten German soldiers and the wounding of 26 others. The number of hostages to be shot was calculated as a ratio of 100 hostages executed for every German soldier killed and 50 hostages executed for every German soldier wounded, a formula devised by Adolf Hitler with the intent of suppressing anti-Nazi resistance in Eastern Europe.ng anti-Nazi resistance in Eastern Europe.
, مجزرة كراغوييفاتس (بالصربية:крагујевац Мас … مجزرة كراغوييفاتس (بالصربية:крагујевац Масакр والألمانية: Kragujevac Massaker) هي عملية تمّ فيها قتل رجال وشباب من مدينة كراغوييفاتس، صربيا، على أيدي جنود ألمانيا النازية في الفترة بين يومي 20–21 أكتوبر 1941. ولقد تمّ تجميع كافة الرجال من المدينة الذين تتراوح أعمارهم من ستة عشر عامًا إلى ستين من خلال القوات الألمانية وأفراد من فرقة المتطوعين الصربيين والحرس الحكومي الصربي بما في ذلك طلاب المدرسة الثانوية، حيث جرى اختيار الضحايا من بين هؤلاء الطلاب. وفي 29 أكتوبر 1941، أوضح فيليكس بنزلر، المفوض من وزارة الخارجية الألمانية بصربيا، أنه قام بإعدام 2300 شخصًا. وفي نفس الوقت، أفادت التحقيقات التالية التي أجرتها الحكومة اليوغوسلافية بعد الحرب عن إعدام ما بين 5000 إلى 7000 شخص، على الرغم من أن هذه الأرقام لم يثبت صحتها مطلقًا. ولاحقًا، اتفق الباحثون الصربيون والألمان على أن عدد الأشخاص الذين أعدموون والألمان على أن عدد الأشخاص الذين أعدمو
, Kragujevský masakr je označení pro vyvražd … Kragujevský masakr je označení pro vyvraždění mužů a chlapců v srbském městě Kragujevac, jež se odehrálo ve dnech 20. a 21. října 1941. Vojáci německého Wehrmachtu zavraždili všechny muže a chlapce z města ve věku od 16 do 60 let; v průběhu jednoho dne bylo popraveno přibližně 2 300 civilistů, včetně studentů místního gymnázia.ilistů, včetně studentů místního gymnázia.
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| rdfs:label |
Kragujevac massacre
, Massacre de Kragujevac
, Massaker von Kraljevo und Kragujevac
, Massacro di Kragujevac
, Pembantaian Kragujevac
, Kragujevacmassakern
, Массовые расстрелы в Кралеве и Крагуеваце
, Kragujevský masakr
, Masacre de Kragujevac
, مجزرة كراغوييفاتس
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