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KH-8 ( codinome BYEMAN: Gambit-3) foi a de … KH-8 ( codinome BYEMAN: Gambit-3) foi a designação de uma longa série de satélites de "reconhecimento" da série "Key Hole" (KH) usada pelos Estados Unidos entre julho de 1966 e abril de 1984, também conhecido como "Plataforma de Vigilância de Baixa Altitude" ou "Low Altitude Surveillance Platform" (LASP). O satélite, ejetava cartuchos com o filme que já havia sido exposto, e esses cartuchos, que desciam de paraquedas quando entravam na atmosfera, eram recuperados por um sistema de ganchos em pleno ar. A resolução dos satélites de última geração dessa série, era melhor que 10 metros.ção dessa série, era melhor que 10 metros.
, KH-8 (также — Gambit-3) — серия американск … KH-8 (также — Gambit-3) — серия американских разведывательных спутников детальной оптической фоторазведки типа KH (англ. Key Hole). Другое использовавшееся название LASP (англ. Low Altitude Surveillance Platform) (Низкоорбитальная наблюдательная платформа). Серия стала одной из самых долгоживущих космических программ США. С июля 1966 по апрель 1984 года состоялось 54 пуска. Для съёмки поверхности Земли использовалась фотоплёнка, отснятый материал возвращался на землю в специальных контейнерах. После входа в плотные слои атмосферы должен был раскрываться парашют для обеспечения мягкой посадки. По сообщениям официальных структур, реально достигнутое разрешение аппарата было не хуже полуметра. Аппарат массой 3 тонны производился кампанией Локхид и выводился в космос РН «Титан 3» с космодрома Ванденберг. Аппаратура для съемки производилась подразделением A&O кампании «Истман Кодак». Наименование «Gambit» так же использовалось для обозначения предшественника KH-8 аппарата KH-7.ачения предшественника KH-8 аппарата KH-7.
, Keyhole 8 ou KH-8 (nom de code Gambit 3) e … Keyhole 8 ou KH-8 (nom de code Gambit 3) est une série de satellites de reconnaissance optique américains dont 54 exemplaires ont été placés en orbite entre 1966 et 1984. Placés sur une orbite basse, ces satellites à la durée de vie relativement brève (14 à 122 jours selon les versions) réalisaient des images avec une résolution spatiale pouvant atteindre 15 cm. Ils renvoyaient sur Terre les films argentiques réalisés à l'aide d'une ou deux capsules de retour équipées d'un bouclier thermique et d'un parachute. Les KH-7 qui avaient pris la suite des KH-7/Gambit 1 ont été remplacés par la série des KH-11. ont été remplacés par la série des KH-11.
, The KH-8 (BYEMAN codename Gambit-3) was a … The KH-8 (BYEMAN codename Gambit-3) was a long-lived series of reconnaissance satellites of the "Key Hole" (KH) series used by the United States from July 1966 to April 1984, and also known as Low Altitude Surveillance Platform. The satellite ejected "film-bucket" canisters of photographic film that were retrieved as they descended through the atmosphere by parachute. Ground resolution of the mature satellite system was better than 4 inches (0.10 m). There were 54 launch attempts of the 3,000 kilogram satellites, all from Vandenberg Air Force Base, on variants of the Titan III rocket. Three launches failed to achieve orbit. The first one was satellite #5 on April 26, 1967 which fell into the Pacific Ocean after the Titan second stage developed low thrust. The second was satellite #35 on May 20, 1972 which suffered an Agena pneumatic regulator failure and reentered the atmosphere. A few months later, pieces of the satellite turned up in England and the US managed to arrange for their hasty return. The third failure was satellite #39 on June 26, 1973 which suffered a stuck Agena fuel valve. The Bell 8096 engine failed to start and the satellite burned up in the atmosphere. The KH-8 was manufactured by Lockheed. The camera system/satellite was manufactured by Eastman Kodak's A&O Division in Rochester, New York. The Gambit codename was also used by the satellite's predecessor, the KH-7 Gambit. Gambit 3 satellites were the same width as the Gambit 1 models, but also slightly longer – reaching about 29 feet (9 m) in length. They carried 12,241 feet (3,731 meters) of film and were designed for longer missions of up to 31 days While Gambit was primarily designed and operated as a surveillance satellite, capturing high definition images of specific targets at low orbital altitudes, a single Gambit Block 3 mission was operated in 'dual-mode', orbiting first at a higher altitude to capture wide-area search imagery before lowering its perigee to capture normal surveillance imagery. The first film return capsule failed to separate correctly due to a new pyro mechanism failing to perform correctly. The contingency release mechanism separated the film bucket and parachute from its return capsule, and left the film bucket stranded in orbit. In September 2002, the film bucket re-entered over the South Atlantic into deep water. As the film bucket lacked its protective heatshield or the parachute needed to slow its descent, no attempt was made to recover it.escent, no attempt was made to recover it.
, KH-8 GAMBIT 3 は、1966年7月から1984年4月までの長期にわたり使 … KH-8 GAMBIT 3 は、1966年7月から1984年4月までの長期にわたり使い続けられたアメリカ合衆国の偵察衛星であり、「キーホール」（"Key Hole"、KH）シリーズのうちの一つである。この衛星はまた「低高度監視活動プラットフォーム」（Low Altitude Surveillance Platform）としても知られている。この衛星は写真フィルムとカメラを搭載し、撮影済みのフィルムだけを再突入カプセルに入れて回収する、フィルムリターン方式を採用した偵察衛星だった。カプセルは大気圏内をパラシュートで降下した後、空中回収された。偵察衛星の地上解像度は、最も粗いときでも0.5メートルを確保しており、通常はもっと高精細な画像を送り届けていた。衛星の総重量は3,000キログラムだった。全54回の打ち上げを計画し、すべてヴァンデンバーグ空軍基地からタイタン・ロケットの派生型であるで打ち上げられた。KH-8はロッキードで生産された。カメラシステム及び衛星本体は、KH-7に引き続き、ニューヨーク・ロチェスターにあるイーストマン・コダックのA&O部門で生産された。 「チェスにおける序盤戦の指し手」、「交渉を有利に進めるための駆け引きの技術、話術、会話における話しの切り出し方」を意味することばである"GAMBIT"というコードネームは、前任の偵察衛星であるKH-7 GAMBITから引き継いだものである。コードネームは、前任の偵察衛星であるKH-7 GAMBITから引き継いだものである。
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KH-8 ( codinome BYEMAN: Gambit-3) foi a de … KH-8 ( codinome BYEMAN: Gambit-3) foi a designação de uma longa série de satélites de "reconhecimento" da série "Key Hole" (KH) usada pelos Estados Unidos entre julho de 1966 e abril de 1984, também conhecido como "Plataforma de Vigilância de Baixa Altitude" ou "Low Altitude Surveillance Platform" (LASP). O satélite, ejetava cartuchos com o filme que já havia sido exposto, e esses cartuchos, que desciam de paraquedas quando entravam na atmosfera, eram recuperados por um sistema de ganchos em pleno ar. A resolução dos satélites de última geração dessa série, era melhor que 10 metros.ção dessa série, era melhor que 10 metros.
, KH-8 GAMBIT 3 は、1966年7月から1984年4月までの長期にわたり使 … KH-8 GAMBIT 3 は、1966年7月から1984年4月までの長期にわたり使い続けられたアメリカ合衆国の偵察衛星であり、「キーホール」（"Key Hole"、KH）シリーズのうちの一つである。この衛星はまた「低高度監視活動プラットフォーム」（Low Altitude Surveillance Platform）としても知られている。この衛星は写真フィルムとカメラを搭載し、撮影済みのフィルムだけを再突入カプセルに入れて回収する、フィルムリターン方式を採用した偵察衛星だった。カプセルは大気圏内をパラシュートで降下した後、空中回収された。偵察衛星の地上解像度は、最も粗いときでも0.5メートルを確保しており、通常はもっと高精細な画像を送り届けていた。衛星の総重量は3,000キログラムだった。全54回の打ち上げを計画し、すべてヴァンデンバーグ空軍基地からタイタン・ロケットの派生型であるで打ち上げられた。KH-8はロッキードで生産された。カメラシステム及び衛星本体は、KH-7に引き続き、ニューヨーク・ロチェスターにあるイーストマン・コダックのA&O部門で生産された。ーヨーク・ロチェスターにあるイーストマン・コダックのA&O部門で生産された。
, Keyhole 8 ou KH-8 (nom de code Gambit 3) e … Keyhole 8 ou KH-8 (nom de code Gambit 3) est une série de satellites de reconnaissance optique américains dont 54 exemplaires ont été placés en orbite entre 1966 et 1984. Placés sur une orbite basse, ces satellites à la durée de vie relativement brève (14 à 122 jours selon les versions) réalisaient des images avec une résolution spatiale pouvant atteindre 15 cm. Ils renvoyaient sur Terre les films argentiques réalisés à l'aide d'une ou deux capsules de retour équipées d'un bouclier thermique et d'un parachute. Les KH-7 qui avaient pris la suite des KH-7/Gambit 1 ont été remplacés par la série des KH-11. ont été remplacés par la série des KH-11.
, KH-8 (также — Gambit-3) — серия американск … KH-8 (также — Gambit-3) — серия американских разведывательных спутников детальной оптической фоторазведки типа KH (англ. Key Hole). Другое использовавшееся название LASP (англ. Low Altitude Surveillance Platform) (Низкоорбитальная наблюдательная платформа). Наименование «Gambit» так же использовалось для обозначения предшественника KH-8 аппарата KH-7.ачения предшественника KH-8 аппарата KH-7.
, The KH-8 (BYEMAN codename Gambit-3) was a … The KH-8 (BYEMAN codename Gambit-3) was a long-lived series of reconnaissance satellites of the "Key Hole" (KH) series used by the United States from July 1966 to April 1984, and also known as Low Altitude Surveillance Platform. The satellite ejected "film-bucket" canisters of photographic film that were retrieved as they descended through the atmosphere by parachute. Ground resolution of the mature satellite system was better than 4 inches (0.10 m). There were 54 launch attempts of the 3,000 kilogram satellites, all from Vandenberg Air Force Base, on variants of the Titan III rocket. Three launches failed to achieve orbit. The first one was satellite #5 on April 26, 1967 which fell into the Pacific Ocean after the Titan second stage developed low thrust. The second was satellite #35 on Mathrust. The second was satellite #35 on Ma
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KH-8
, KH-8 Gambit 3
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