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La rivolta del giugno 1941 nell'Erzegovina … La rivolta del giugno 1941 nell'Erzegovina orientale fu la rivolta dei serbi dell'Erzegovina orientale contro le autorità dello Stato Indipendente di Croazia (croato Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH), uno stato fantoccio dell'Asse costituito nel corso della seconda guerra mondiale nel territorio dello sconfitto Regno di Jugoslavia. A seguito dell'imposizione dell'autorità dell'NDH, alcuni membri del partito di governo fascista Ustascia iniziarono una campagna persecutoria contro i serbi in tutto il paese. Nell'Erzegovina orientale, gli Ustascia misero in atto una serie di stragi e attentati contro la popolazione serba maggioritaria, a partire dalla prima settimana di giugno. Tra il 3 e il 22 giugno 1941, nella regione si verificarono scontri spontanei tra le autorità dell'NDH e gruppi di serbi. L'invasione tedesca dell'Unione sovietica ebbe inizio il 22 giugno. Per i due giorni successivi, le rivolte sporadiche dei serbi contro l'NDH nell'Erzegovina orientale sfociarono in una ribellione di massa, scatenata dalla persecuzione degli Ustascia, dalla solidarietà dei serbi verso la popolazione russa, dall'odio e dal terrore verso le autorità dell'NDH e da altri fattori. I ribelli serbi, sotto la guida di serbi del luogo e montenegrini, assaltarono la polizia, la gendarmeria, gli Ustascia e le forze della Guardia interna croata nella regione. Nei primi giorni, i ribelli catturarono le postazioni della gendarmeria in diversi villaggi, istituirono posti di blocco lungo le strade principali e tesero agguati a numerosi veicoli militari, La notte del 26 giugno, i ribelli lanciarono un attacco prolungato contro la città di Nevesinje nel tentativo di catturarla, ma la guarnigione resistette fino alla mattina del 28 giugno, quando le truppe dell'NDH sfondarono i blocchi dei ribelli. Il 28 giugno, l'agguato dei ribelli a danno di un camion di soldati italiani portò il comandante italiano dell'NDH ad avvertire il governo dell'NDH che avrebbe agito unilateralmente per garantire le vie di comunicazione. Un'altra postazione della gendarmeria fu distrutta dai ribelli, che la sera catturarono la cittadina di , saccheggiandola e mettendola a fuoco, e uccisero decine di civili non serbi. L'indomani, una colonna italiana cacciò i ribelli da Avtovac e diede rinforzi alla guarnigione dell'NDH nella cittadina di Gacko. Dal 3 luglio, una forza dell'NDH di oltre 2000 uomini partì da Nevesinje, liberando città e strade dai ribelli. Le forze ribelli non opposero una reazione significativa all'operazione, ritirandosi in Montenegro o nascondendo le armi sulle montagne e facendo ritorno a casa. Il 7 luglio, le forze dell'NDH avevano ormai ripreso il completo controllo su tutte le città e le principali vie di comunicazione dell'Erzegovina orientale.i comunicazione dell'Erzegovina orientale.
, In June 1941, Serbs in eastern Herzegovina … In June 1941, Serbs in eastern Herzegovina rebelled against the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia (Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH), an Axis puppet state established during World War II on the territory of the defeated and occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia. As the NDH imposed its authority, members of the fascist Ustaše ruling party began a genocidal campaign against Serbs throughout the country. In eastern Herzegovina, the Ustaše perpetrated a series of massacres and attacks against the majority Serb population commencing in the first week of June. Between 3 and 22 June 1941, spontaneous clashes occurred between NDH authorities and groups of Serbs in the region. The German invasion of the Soviet Union began on 22 June. Over the next two days, the sporadic revolts by Serbs against the NDH in eastern Herzegovina erupted into mass rebellion, triggered by Ustaše persecution, Serb solidarity with the Russian people, hatred and fear of the NDH authorities, and other factors. Serb rebels, under the leadership of both local Serbs and Montenegrins, attacked police, gendarmerie, Ustaše and Croatian Home Guard forces in the region. In the first few days, the rebels captured gendarmerie posts in several villages, set up roadblocks on the major roads and ambushed several military vehicles. On the night of 26 June, the rebels mounted a sustained attack on the town of Nevesinje in an attempt to capture it, but the garrison held out until the morning of 28 June when NDH troops broke through the rebel roadblocks. On 28 June, the rebels ambushed a truckload of Italian soldiers, prompting the Italian Army commander in the NDH to warn the NDH government that he would take unilateral action to secure communication routes. A further gendarmerie post was destroyed by the rebels, and in the evening the rebels captured the village of Avtovac, looting and burning it, and killing dozens of non-Serb civilians. The following day an Italian column cleared the rebels from Avtovac and relieved the hard-pressed NDH garrison in the town of Gacko. From 3 July, an NDH force of over 2,000 fanned out from Nevesinje, clearing towns, villages and routes of rebels. The rebel forces did not put up any significant opposition to the clearing operation, and either retreated into nearby Montenegro, or hid their weapons in the mountains and went home. By 7 July, NDH forces had regained full control of all towns and major transport routes in eastern Herzegovina.r transport routes in eastern Herzegovina.
, En junio de 1941, los serbios del este de … En junio de 1941, los serbios del este de Herzegovina se rebelaron contra las autoridades del Estado Independiente de Croacia (NDH, del croata Nezavisna Država Hrvatska), un régimen títere del Eje que se había establecido durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial en el territorio del derrotado y ocupado Reino de Yugoslavia. Con el asentamiento del NDH, algunos miembros del partido fascista Ustacha iniciaron una campaña de persecución de los serbios a lo largo del país. En el este de Herzegovina, perpetraron a partir de junio de 1941 una serie de masacres y ataques contra la población, de mayoría serbia. Entre el 3 y el 22 de ese mes, tuvieron lugar varios choques entre autoridades del NDH y grupos serbios de la zona. Los alemanes comenzaron la invasión de la Unión Soviética el 22 de junio. A lo largo de los dos días siguientes, las revueltas —hasta entonces esporádicas— de los serbios contra el NDH en el este de Herzegovina se multiplicaron y dieron lugar a una rebelión en masa, avivada por las persecuciones de la Ustacha, la solidaridad de los serbios para con la población soviética, el odio y el miedo hacia las autoridades del NDH, y otros factores. Los rebeldes serbios, encabezados por conciudadanos serbios y montenegrinos, atacaron a la policía, a los gendarmes, a la Ustacha y a las fuerzas de la Guardia Nacional Croata de la región. En los primeros días, los rebeldes se hicieron con puestos de la gendarmería en varias localidades, bloquearon las carreteras y asaltaron varios vehículos militares. En la noche del 26 de junio, organizaron un ataque sostenido contra el pueblo de Nevesinje, en un intento por hacerse con su control, pero la guarnición aguantó hasta la mañana del 28, cuando las tropas del NDH consiguieron romper el bloqueo de las carreteras ejercido por los rebeldes. El 28 de junio, los rebeldes tendieron una emboscada a un camión en el que viajaban soldados italianos, lo que provocó que el comandante del Regio Esercito avisara al Gobierno del NDH de que emprendería acciones unilaterales para asegurar las rutas. Los rebeldes destruyeron otro puesto de la gendarmería y, durante la tarde, tomaron, saquearon e incendiaron el pueblo de Avtovac y mataron a decenas de civiles no serbios. Al día siguiente, una columna italiana ahuyentó a los rebeldes de Avtovac y alivió la presión sobre la guarnición del NDH instalada en el pueblo de Gacko. Desde el 3 de julio, una fuerza del NDH integrada por dos mil personas y desplegada desde Nevesinje fue liberando ciudades, pueblos y rutas tomados por los rebeldes. Estos no opusieron resistencia considerable y, o bien se retiraron hacia el colindante Montenegro, o bien escondieron sus armas en las montañas y regresaron a sus casas. Llegado el 7 de julio, el NDH había recuperado por completo el control de todas las localidades y las principales rutas del este de Herzegovina.principales rutas del este de Herzegovina.
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Uprising suppressed
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2,362 men
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Map of the eastern half of the NDH showing the locations of Trebinje, Nevesinje, Bileća, and Gacko and Avtovac
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The capture of the gendarmerie post in Gornji Lukavac was one of the first actions of the uprising
, Map showing the locations of Ustaše massacres in eastern Herzegovina prior to the uprising
, Map showing the locations of Croatian Home Guard garrisons in eastern Herzegovina at the time of the uprising
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Serb rebels from eastern Herzegovina and Montenegro
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June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina
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A map of the NDH showing the location of Nevesinje, eastern Herzegovina in the southeastern corner of the country near the Adriatic coast
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Location of the town of Nevesinje in eastern Herzegovina. The dashed line denotes the boundary between the German and Italian zones.
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68
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*Elements of Adriatic Command
**six Home Guard battalions
**one Home Guard company
**four 100mm howitzers
**ZNDH ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft
*
*Gendarmerie
**2nd Regiment
**4th Regiment
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La rivolta del giugno 1941 nell'Erzegovina … La rivolta del giugno 1941 nell'Erzegovina orientale fu la rivolta dei serbi dell'Erzegovina orientale contro le autorità dello Stato Indipendente di Croazia (croato Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH), uno stato fantoccio dell'Asse costituito nel corso della seconda guerra mondiale nel territorio dello sconfitto Regno di Jugoslavia.torio dello sconfitto Regno di Jugoslavia.
, In June 1941, Serbs in eastern Herzegovina … In June 1941, Serbs in eastern Herzegovina rebelled against the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia (Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH), an Axis puppet state established during World War II on the territory of the defeated and occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia. As the NDH imposed its authority, members of the fascist Ustaše ruling party began a genocidal campaign against Serbs throughout the country. In eastern Herzegovina, the Ustaše perpetrated a series of massacres and attacks against the majority Serb population commencing in the first week of June. Between 3 and 22 June 1941, spontaneous clashes occurred between NDH authorities and groups of Serbs in the region.orities and groups of Serbs in the region.
, En junio de 1941, los serbios del este de … En junio de 1941, los serbios del este de Herzegovina se rebelaron contra las autoridades del Estado Independiente de Croacia (NDH, del croata Nezavisna Država Hrvatska), un régimen títere del Eje que se había establecido durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial en el territorio del derrotado y ocupado Reino de Yugoslavia. Con el asentamiento del NDH, algunos miembros del partido fascista Ustacha iniciaron una campaña de persecución de los serbios a lo largo del país. En el este de Herzegovina, perpetraron a partir de junio de 1941 una serie de masacres y ataques contra la población, de mayoría serbia. Entre el 3 y el 22 de ese mes, tuvieron lugar varios choques entre autoridades del NDH y grupos serbios de la zona.dades del NDH y grupos serbios de la zona.
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June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina
, Rivolta del giugno 1941 nell'Erzegovina orientale
, Rebelión en el este de Herzegovina de junio de 1941
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, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Genocide_of_Serbs +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Independent_State_of_Croatia +
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