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Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7 June 182 … Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7 June 1824 at Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher – 12 September 1873 at Vichy) was a French horticulturist and landscape architect. He was the chief gardener of Paris during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III, and was responsible for planting the great gardens of the French Second Empire; the Bois de Boulogne, the Bois de Vincennes, Parc Montsouris, Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, the remaking of the Luxembourg Garden, and many smaller Parisian parks and gardens. He was also responsible for planting trees along the new boulevards of Paris. His landscape gardens, with their lakes, winding paths, sloping lawns, groves of exotic trees and flower beds, had a large influence on public parks throughout Europe and in the United States. Barillet-Deschamps was born in 1824, the son of a gardener. His first job in 1841 was as a monitor and teacher in a revolutionary new kind of prison colony called "La Paternelle," founded near Tours in 1839, where the prisoners learned farming and gardening. From there he went to Bordeaux, where he started a gardening enterprise, and met Baron Haussmann, then the Prefect of the Gironde Department. He also met Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand, an engineer who worked for Haussmann. When the Emperor Napoleon III brought Haussmann to Paris to be the new Prefect of the Seine Department, Haussmann summoned both Alphand and Barillet-Deschamps to Paris. The Emperior had conceived a plan to create large new parks around Paris, to provide green space and recreation for the rapidly growing population of the city. He named Alphand as the head of the new Service des Promenades et Plantations de Paris, and Alphand chose Barillet-Deschamps as the first jardinier en chef, or Chief Gardener of Paris. Barillet-Deschamps worked in close collaboration with Alphand, the engineer Eugene Belgrand (1810-1870), who was charged with providing water to the new parks, and with the architect Gabriel Davioud, who designed all the structures in the parks. Under Alphand's guidance, Barillet-Deschamps created the landscapes of the Bois de Boulogne and the Bois de Vincennes, and then the Luxembourg Garden as it appears today; Parc Monceau; the Parc des Buttes Chaumont; and Parc Montsouris. The scale of the projects was gigantic: For the Bois de Boulogne alone, he planted 420,000 trees and seeded 273 hectares of lawns, using 150 kilograms of seed per hectare. To provide trees, shrubs and flowers for the park, he had gardens and greenhouses built near the racetrack of Longchamps, and at Auteuil. He created another garden at Petit-Bry, on the banks of the Marne River, specially to grow trees to line the boulevards of Paris. At Vincennes, near the fortifications of Paris, he planted another garden especially for cultivating ornamental plants. At Passy, close to the Parc de la Muette, he built another complex of greenhouses, called the Fleuriste de la Muette, especially for flowers and exotic plants. This complex was composed of thirty greenhouses, lit with gas lights, each with its own conditions devoted to different varieties of plants. One group of greenhouses was filled entirely with thousands of fuchsia, chrysanthemum, canna, pelagorium, verveine, calceolaira, and ageratum plants. Individual greenhouses were built to grow palm trees, ficus, camellias, solanum, Caladium, and begonias; and others for banana trees, hibiscus, ferns and other highly specialized plants. There were nearly three million plants in the greenhouses of the Fleuriste de la Muette, tended by about one hundred gardeners. In addition to the large gardens new gardens around the edges of Paris, Barillet-Dechamps was responsible for providing trees to line the newly built avenues that Baron Haussmann was building. A line of holes each three meters wide and one meter deep was dug along each side each boulevard. His gardeners used specially equipped carts, each of which carried one tree. Each cart carrying a tree was positioned over the hole and carefully lowered it into place. The trees came from the garden that Barille-Deschamps had built along the Marne for that purpose. The trees used most often were chestnut trees and platane trees, which Haussmann himself preferred he had seen rows of plantanes in Provence when he was Prefect of the Department of the Var, and he admired their wide leaves and the shade they gave. By 1868, Barillet-Deschamps had planted 102,154 trees along the boulevards of Paris. In addition to his Paris gardens, Barillet-Deschamps traveled widely to advise other cities on their gardens. He helped in the design of gardens in Marseille, in Turin, in Belgium, in Austria, in Prussia, in Turkey, and in Egypt. He began working on a garden for the Khedive of Egypt in 1873, and was still working on it when he became ill, returned to France, and died in Vichy in 1873 at the age of fifty.died in Vichy in 1873 at the age of fifty.
, Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7. června … Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7. června 1824 – 12. září 1873) byl francouzský zahradní architekt, který se podílel na tvorbě mnoha pařížských parků. Syn zahradníka se stal v roce 1841 učitelem zahradničení v zemědělské kolonii sloužící jako výchovný ústav pro mladistvé delikventy, kterou v červnu 1839 založili vikomt de Bretignières de Courteilles a Fráderic-Auguste Demetz. Později Barillet-Deschamps založil zahradnický podnik v Bordeaux. Prefekt Haussmann jej povolal do Paříže, aby se podílel na rozsáhlé urbanistické přestavbě hlavního města. Byl jmenován hlavním zahradníkem parků a zahrad města Paříže. Podílel se na tvorbě a úpravě nejvýznamnějších pařížských parků jako jsou Boulogneský a Vincenneský lesík, jardin du Luxembourg, parc Monceau, parc des Buttes-Chaumont a parc Montsouris. V roce 1865 vytvořil anglickou zahradu pro botanickou zahradu v Le Mans. V Lille navrhl park jardin Vauban a v Roubaix parc Barbieux. Založil Maison d'Architecte Paysagiste (Dům krajinářské architektury), zahradnickou školku a zahradu u pařížského zámku a působil i v zahraničí. Nejprve byl povolán do Marseille a Hyères a poté působil v Itálii (Milán a Turín), Belgii, Rakousku, Prusku a dokud odejel do Egypta, kde byl chedivem povolán do Káhiry. Zde působil od roku 1870 až do své smrti v roce 1875, kdy zemřel na plicní onemocnění. Vytvářel parky, které byly inspirovány anglickou zahradou, a které se vyznačují zvlněnými travnatými plochami, klikatícími se cestami i jezery bohatě doplněné exotickými rostlinami. Tento styl byl někdy kritizován jako eklektický nedbající pravidel anglického parku. Nicméně jeho dílo v 19. století sloužilo jako model nejen pro zahrady ve Francii, ale i v zahraničí.pro zahrady ve Francii, ale i v zahraničí.
, Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (1824 – 1873) è stato un architetto, giardiniere e paesaggista francese.
, Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher, 1824 - Vichèi, 1873) fou un jardiner i paisatgista francès.
, Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7 Juni 1824 – 12 September 1873) merupakan seorang dan arsitek lanskap berkebangsaan Prancis. Ia adalah kepala perajin taman selama masa pemerintahan Kaisar Napoleon III
, Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps ( 1824-1873) foi um jardineiro e paisagista francês.
, Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7 juin 182 … Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7 juin 1824 à Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher - 12 septembre 1873 à Vichy) est un jardinier et paysagiste français. Jardinier en chef de la ville de Paris puis directeur général des promenades et plantations de l'Égypte, il aménage et crée des parcs et jardins, publics et privés, en particulier à Paris avec le préfet Haussmann.ticulier à Paris avec le préfet Haussmann.
, ジャン＝ピエール・バリエ＝デシャン（Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps、1824年 - 1873年）は、フランスの造園家。 オスマン時代のパリ都市改造の際に測量と図面製作から公園緑地までを担当した。パリの公園事業のほかに、エジプトやイタリア・トリノにも招かれ、トリノではポー川のほとりに、ヴァレンティーノ庭園を設計している。
, Jean-Pierre Barillet, nach Heirat Barillet … Jean-Pierre Barillet, nach Heirat Barillet-Deschamps (* 7. Juni 1824 in Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher; † 12. September 1873 in Vichy), war ein französischer Gärtner und Landschaftsarchitekt. Er gestaltete eine große Zahl von Gärten und Parks, so in Paris, Turin und Kairo.n und Parks, so in Paris, Turin und Kairo.
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Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher, 1824 - Vichèi, 1873) fou un jardiner i paisatgista francès.
, Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps ( 1824-1873) foi um jardineiro e paisagista francês.
, Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7 June 182 … Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7 June 1824 at Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher – 12 September 1873 at Vichy) was a French horticulturist and landscape architect. He was the chief gardener of Paris during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III, and was responsible for planting the great gardens of the French Second Empire; the Bois de Boulogne, the Bois de Vincennes, Parc Montsouris, Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, the remaking of the Luxembourg Garden, and many smaller Parisian parks and gardens. He was also responsible for planting trees along the new boulevards of Paris. His landscape gardens, with their lakes, winding paths, sloping lawns, groves of exotic trees and flower beds, had a large influence on public parks throughout Europe and in the United States.hroughout Europe and in the United States.
, Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7. června … Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7. června 1824 – 12. září 1873) byl francouzský zahradní architekt, který se podílel na tvorbě mnoha pařížských parků. Syn zahradníka se stal v roce 1841 učitelem zahradničení v zemědělské kolonii sloužící jako výchovný ústav pro mladistvé delikventy, kterou v červnu 1839 založili vikomt de Bretignières de Courteilles a Fráderic-Auguste Demetz. Později Barillet-Deschamps založil zahradnický podnik v Bordeaux. V roce 1865 vytvořil anglickou zahradu pro botanickou zahradu v Le Mans. V Lille navrhl park jardin Vauban a v Roubaix parc Barbieux.k jardin Vauban a v Roubaix parc Barbieux.
, Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (1824 – 1873) è stato un architetto, giardiniere e paesaggista francese.
, ジャン＝ピエール・バリエ＝デシャン（Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps、1824年 - 1873年）は、フランスの造園家。 オスマン時代のパリ都市改造の際に測量と図面製作から公園緑地までを担当した。パリの公園事業のほかに、エジプトやイタリア・トリノにも招かれ、トリノではポー川のほとりに、ヴァレンティーノ庭園を設計している。
, Jean-Pierre Barillet, nach Heirat Barillet … Jean-Pierre Barillet, nach Heirat Barillet-Deschamps (* 7. Juni 1824 in Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher; † 12. September 1873 in Vichy), war ein französischer Gärtner und Landschaftsarchitekt. Er gestaltete eine große Zahl von Gärten und Parks, so in Paris, Turin und Kairo.n und Parks, so in Paris, Turin und Kairo.
, Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7 Juni 1824 – 12 September 1873) merupakan seorang dan arsitek lanskap berkebangsaan Prancis. Ia adalah kepala perajin taman selama masa pemerintahan Kaisar Napoleon III
, Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7 juin 182 … Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps (7 juin 1824 à Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher - 12 septembre 1873 à Vichy) est un jardinier et paysagiste français. Jardinier en chef de la ville de Paris puis directeur général des promenades et plantations de l'Égypte, il aménage et crée des parcs et jardins, publics et privés, en particulier à Paris avec le préfet Haussmann.ticulier à Paris avec le préfet Haussmann.
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