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Jagdgeschwader II (Fighter Wing II, or JG … Jagdgeschwader II (Fighter Wing II, or JG II) was the Imperial German Air Service's second fighter wing. Established because of the great success of Manfred von Richthofen's preceding Jagdgeschwader I wing, Jagdgeschwader II and Jagdgeschwader III were founded on 2 February 1918. JG II was assigned four squadrons nominally equipped with 14 aircraft each. The new wing was supposed to be fully operational in time for an offensive slated for 21 March 1918. Named to raise and lead it was 23-victory flying ace Hauptmann Adolf von Tutschek. However, he was killed in action on 15 March 1918. His hasty replacement was 28-victory ace Hauptmann Rudolf Berthold. Grounded by wounds that rendered him narcotic-dependent, the Pour le Merite winner nevertheless firmly took charge. Under his leadership, JG II advanced 40 miles (64 kilometers) behind the German offensive. As the ground fighting stalled in early April, air fighting above it intensified. Then, on the night of 12/13 April 1918, a surprise artillery bombardment put 25 of the wing's aircraft—and by extension, the wing—out of action for three weeks. By 26 May, the shortage of available aircraft had grounded two squadrons, and fuel and lubricant supplies began to dwindle. On 28 May, to encourage his wing, Berthold again began flying combat missions despite his poor physical condition. Throughout June and July, shipments of aircraft arrived—new Fokker D.VIIs, unreliable Siemens-Schuckert D.IIIs, and worn Fokker Triplanes. On 14 July 1918, the wing finally standardized on Fokker D.VIIs, just in time for the final German offensive. Intruding French and British formations became larger, more elaborate, harder for JG II to combat. Fresh new American air units began to appear. The Allies launched their final offensive on 8 August, including a huge effort by the Royal Air Force. On 10 August, Berthold scored the last of his 16 victories for the wing, and was then shot down and hospitalized. After his departure, the wing's supplies continued to decline and experienced aces were falling while replacements were scarce. By 12 September, the balance of power had so shifted that the Imperial German Air Service could only muster about 70 fighters at Saint Mihiel to oppose almost 1,500 Allied aircraft. Although the wing fought on, and sometimes had its highest scoring days during September 1918, the scale of the Allied air effort rendered these successes negligible. The wing's fighting abilities ebbed; an Allied formation of 150 bombers on 9 October took a single loss. On 1 November 1918, Jagdgeschwader II retreated to its final base at Carignan. By the time its final victim had been shot down on 6 November, it had tallied at least 339 confirmed aerial victories. When the war ended on 11 November 1918, the wing's personnel began to straggle back to Germany. On 13 November 1918, Jagdgeschwader II was dissolved.ber 1918, Jagdgeschwader II was dissolved.
, La Jagdgeschwader II (JG II) est une escad … La Jagdgeschwader II (JG II) est une escadre de chasse créée par la Luftstreitkräfte (l'armée de l'air allemande) en février 1918 sur le modèle de la (en), commandée par le célèbre Manfred von Richthofen. Comme la (en), fondée le même jour, la JG II a pour but d'augmenter la force de frappe de l'aviation de chasse allemande en prévision de l'opération Michael, déclenchée le 21 mars 1918. Pour cela, l'unité est composée de quatre Jagdstaffeln (Jastas) équipées chacune de 14 appareils. La JG II est censée être opérationnelle pour le déclenchement de l'offensive le 21 mars, mais la mort au combat de son commandant, le jeune as Adolf von Tutschek le 15 mars, compromet ces prévisions. Tutschek est remplacé à la hâte par Rudolf Berthold, un pilote expérimenté (28 victoires) mais ne pouvant piloter en raison d'une grave blessure. Sous son commandement, la JG II suit efficacement l'offensive allemande, qui s'enraye cependant au début du mois d'avril. Les combats aériens, eux, ne font que s'intensifier mais, dans la nuit du 12 au 13 avril 1918, un bombardement d'artillerie détruit une partie de la flotte d'avions de la JG II, la clouant au sol pour trois semaines. Le 26 mai, c'est une pénurie de matériel neuf et de carburant qui immobilise la moitié de l'unité pendant deux semaines. À la fin du mois de mai 1918, pour encourager ses hommes, Berthold recommence à voler, malgré l'avis du corps médical, et parvient à remporter plusieurs victoires en pilotant d'une seule main et malgré l'influence des narcotiques qu'il prend pour atténuer ses douleurs. Dans le même temps, la JG II redevient opérationnelle grâce à la livraison de nouveaux appareils plus ou moins fiables, comme le Fokker D.VII et le Siemens-Schuckert D.III. C'est finalement le premier de ces deux appareils qui est adopté par toute l'unité pour prendre part en juillet aux dernières tentatives d'offensives allemandes. Les pilotes allemands sont cependant dépassés par le nombre et l'organisation de leurs adversaires, d'autant plus que les Américains font leur apparition sur le front. Les Alliés lancent leur offensive finale le 8 août, avec un effort considérable de la Royal Air Force. Le 10 août, Rudolf Berthold est abattu et à nouveau hospitalisé. Après son départ, le ravitaillement de la JG II continue de diminuer et les pilotes expérimentés meurent plus vite que les remplaçants n'arrivent. Le 12 septembre, l'équilibre des forces dans les airs a tellement changé que la Luftstreitkräfte ne peut opposer qu'environ 70 chasseurs aux près de 1500 appareils alliés qui prennent part à la bataille de Saint-Mihiel. Durant tout le mois d'octobre, la capacité de combat de la JG II va en s'amenuisant. Le 1er novembre 1918, la Jagdgeschwader II se replie à Carignan. L'unité remporte sa 339e et dernière victoire le 6 novembre 1918. Dès l'armistice, le personnel de la JG II est rapatrié en Allemagne, et le 13 novembre, elle est dissoute.gne, et le 13 novembre, elle est dissoute.
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La Jagdgeschwader II (JG II) est une escad … La Jagdgeschwader II (JG II) est une escadre de chasse créée par la Luftstreitkräfte (l'armée de l'air allemande) en février 1918 sur le modèle de la (en), commandée par le célèbre Manfred von Richthofen. Comme la (en), fondée le même jour, la JG II a pour but d'augmenter la force de frappe de l'aviation de chasse allemande en prévision de l'opération Michael, déclenchée le 21 mars 1918. Pour cela, l'unité est composée de quatre Jagdstaffeln (Jastas) équipées chacune de 14 appareils.(Jastas) équipées chacune de 14 appareils.
, Jagdgeschwader II (Fighter Wing II, or JG … Jagdgeschwader II (Fighter Wing II, or JG II) was the Imperial German Air Service's second fighter wing. Established because of the great success of Manfred von Richthofen's preceding Jagdgeschwader I wing, Jagdgeschwader II and Jagdgeschwader III were founded on 2 February 1918. JG II was assigned four squadrons nominally equipped with 14 aircraft each. The new wing was supposed to be fully operational in time for an offensive slated for 21 March 1918. Named to raise and lead it was 23-victory flying ace Hauptmann Adolf von Tutschek. However, he was killed in action on 15 March 1918. he was killed in action on 15 March 1918.
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