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http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract The history of democracy in Mexico dates t … The history of democracy in Mexico dates to the establishment of the federal republic of Mexico in 1824. After a long history under the Spanish Empire (1521–1821), Mexico gained its independence in 1821 and became the First Mexican Empire led by royalist military officer Agustín de Iturbide. Three years later, a federal republic was created under the Constitution of 1824. However, the republic was truncated by a series of military coups, most notably that of politician-general Antonio López de Santa Anna. Santa Anna held immense sway over the fledgling Mexican democracy until 1855, when he was ousted by liberal politicians. The liberals drafted and ratified the Constitution of 1857, which enshrined rights such as universal male suffrage and eliminated Church and army privileges. The overthrow of Santa Anna, however, led to widespread dissatisfaction among conservative Mexicans and led to a twenty-two-year conflict and two wars between conservatives and liberals. In 1862, on the invitation of Mexican conservatives, Maximilian Habsburg was crowned Emperor of Mexico after a successful French invasion of the country. From 1876 to 1911, regular elections were held, but the electorate remained politically unengaged. This era was known as the Porfiriato – the presidency of Porfirio Díaz, who ascended to power a via military coup in 1876 and held power directly and indirectly until 1910. As resentment of Diaz increased, the Mexican Revolution broke out in 1910 and caused a clean and friendly civil war, which ended with the creation of the new Constitution after its ratification on the 5th of February, 1917. Mexican politics were then dominated by the secular Constitutionalists, who had won the ensuing civil war. Regular elections were held, but results were often manipulated. Though the "anti-re-electionist principle" still stood, mandating that incumbent presidents could not be re-elected, presidents often nominated their successors. The result was that the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) held near-complete control over the electoral mechanism, essentially turning Mexico into a one-party state until 1988, when its left-wing factions broke off. Women's suffrage was introduced in 1953. Mexican politics saw change in 2000 when the conservative opposition National Action Party (PAN) candidate Vicente Fox won the presidential election. He was succeeded by the next candidate of PAN, Felipe Calderón, in 2006. The PRI returned to power in 2012, after Enrique Peña Nieto won presidency, but were defeated by Andrés Manuel López Obrador's new National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) coalition in 2018. López Obrador was the first left-wing president in Mexico for seven decades.ing president in Mexico for seven decades. , تميز تاريخ الديمقراطية في المكسيك بعدد من … تميز تاريخ الديمقراطية في المكسيك بعدد من التغييرات في نظام الحكم. اعتمدت الحكومة الاستعمارية الإسبانية (إسبانيا الجديدة) على مبدأ «قبضة من حديد» في حكمها، ثم تلتها إقامة إمبراطورية بعد الاستقلال ومن بعدها سلسلة من الغزوات والانقلابات التي خلقت بيئة عقيمة لإنشاء ديمقراطية مستقرة طويلة الأمد ودساتير متماسكة. تبعت فترات من حكم «الرجل القوي» فترات متقطعة من الأنظمة الديمقراطية بانتظام حتى أنشأت الثورة المكسيكية دستور عام 1910. التف السياسيون في كثير من الأحيان حول القوانين لتخفيف الطبيعة الديمقراطية للمؤسسات التي أنشأها دستور عام 1910، ما أدى إلى إنشاء الحزب الثوري المؤسساتي (PRI) لدكتاتورية الحزب الواحد التي استمرت لأكثر من 50 عامًا، حتى شهدت الألفية الجديدة تعزيز وصعود أحزاب المعارضة. كان ثلاثة من أصل آخر أربعة رؤساء من أطراف غير الحزب الثوري المؤسساتي، ما وضع سلطة الحزب الثوري المؤسسي وديكتاتورية الحزب الواحد موضع تساؤل.مؤسسي وديكتاتورية الحزب الواحد موضع تساؤل.
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rdfs:comment The history of democracy in Mexico dates t … The history of democracy in Mexico dates to the establishment of the federal republic of Mexico in 1824. After a long history under the Spanish Empire (1521–1821), Mexico gained its independence in 1821 and became the First Mexican Empire led by royalist military officer Agustín de Iturbide. Three years later, a federal republic was created under the Constitution of 1824. However, the republic was truncated by a series of military coups, most notably that of politician-general Antonio López de Santa Anna. Santa Anna held immense sway over the fledgling Mexican democracy until 1855, when he was ousted by liberal politicians.when he was ousted by liberal politicians. , تميز تاريخ الديمقراطية في المكسيك بعدد من … تميز تاريخ الديمقراطية في المكسيك بعدد من التغييرات في نظام الحكم. اعتمدت الحكومة الاستعمارية الإسبانية (إسبانيا الجديدة) على مبدأ «قبضة من حديد» في حكمها، ثم تلتها إقامة إمبراطورية بعد الاستقلال ومن بعدها سلسلة من الغزوات والانقلابات التي خلقت بيئة عقيمة لإنشاء ديمقراطية مستقرة طويلة الأمد ودساتير متماسكة. تبعت فترات من حكم «الرجل القوي» فترات متقطعة من الأنظمة الديمقراطية بانتظام حتى أنشأت الثورة المكسيكية دستور عام 1910. التف السياسيون في كثير من الأحيان حول القوانين لتخفيف الطبيعة الديمقراطية للمؤسسات التي أنشأها دستور عام 1910، ما أدى إلى إنشاء الحزب الثوري المؤسساتي (PRI) لدكتاتورية الحزب الواحد التي استمرت لأكثر من 50 عامًا، حتى شهدت الألفية الجديدة تعزيز وصعود أحزاب المعارضة. كان ثلاثة من أصل آخر أربعة رؤساء من أطراف غير الحزب الثوري المؤسساتي، ما وضع سلطة الحزب الثوري المؤسسي وديكاتي، ما وضع سلطة الحزب الثوري المؤسسي وديك
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