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كان الدين في العالم اليوناني الروماني في و … كان الدين في العالم اليوناني الروماني في وقت التحول في القسطنطينية يتألف في الغالب من ثلاثة تيارات رئيسية:
* الديانات التقليدية في اليونان القديمة وروما القديمة.
* عبادة الأباطرة الرومانيون الرسميون.
* العديد من الديانات الغامضة، مثل أسرار ديونيزيان، وأسرار اليوسيس، وأسرار طوائف كوبيلي، والميثرائية، والتوفيق الديني للإلهة إيزيس. نمت المسيحية المبكرة تدريجيًا في روما والإمبراطورية الرومانية من القرن الأول إلى القرن الرابع. في عام 313 أصبحت مقبولة قانونيًا، وفي عام 380 أصبحت كنيسة الدولة للإمبراطورية الرومانية بموجب مرسوم سالونيك. ومع ذلك، نجت تقاليد تعدد آلهة العصر الهلنستي في أراضي اليونان طوال العصور القديمة المتأخرة إلى أن تضاءلت تدريجيًا بعد انتصار المسيحية.لى أن تضاءلت تدريجيًا بعد انتصار المسيحية.
, 당시 에는 세 가지 주류 종교가 있었다.
* 고대 그리스와 로마의 전통적 … 당시 에는 세 가지 주류 종교가 있었다.
* 고대 그리스와 로마의 전통적 다신교(그리스-로마 신화)
* 로마 황제를 현인신으로 모시는
* 수많은 밀교들: , 엘레우시스교, 키벨레교, 미트라교, 이시스교 등 초기 기독교는 1세기에서 4세기까지 로마 제국에서 서서히 세를 불려나가 313년 합법종교로 공인되고 380년에는 테살로니카 칙령으로 로마의 국교가 되었다. 하지만 그리스 다신교는 고대 후기 내내 그리스를 중심으로 존속했고, 기독교의 승리 이후에도 기독교와 계속 경쟁하면서 아주 서서히 쇠퇴했다.고, 기독교의 승리 이후에도 기독교와 계속 경쟁하면서 아주 서서히 쇠퇴했다.
, Pozdně antické náboženství (někdy méně pře … Pozdně antické náboženství (někdy méně přesně též pohanství v pozdní antice) je konvenční novodobé označení pro pestrý a nejednotný soubor náboženských či filosoficko-náboženských nekřesťanských (tj. pohanských) představ a systémů v oblasti tradiční řecko-římské kultury v době, kdy se po vydání milánského ediktu začaly střetávat s křesťanstvím jako rovnoprávným náboženstvím. Zahrnuje širokou škálu kultů, filosofických škol a mysterií nejrůznějšího stáří i původu. Jejich společným znakem bylo to, že byly akceptovanou součástí antické kultury v době, kdy zájem o tradiční náboženské kulty upadal a současně šlo o proudy mimokřesťanské, takže se křesťanství vůči nim v důsledku svého exkluzivního monoteismu negativně vymezovalo. Pozdně antické náboženství se skládalo ze tří forem:
* tradiční polyteistická náboženství především ze starého Řecka a Říma
* císařský kult
* posvátná mystéria či mysterijní náboženství, jednalo se o starobylá Eleusínská mystéria, ale také o různé novější synkretické (původně východní) kulty božstev jako např. Kybelé, Mithry, Isidy aj. Velký vliv na náboženství měly také vliv filosofické školy.oženství měly také vliv filosofické školy.
, The historiography of Christianization of … The historiography of Christianization of the Roman Empire is a review of scholarly explanations of how Christianity grew from its small, relatively obscure origin in the Roman province of Judaea in AD 30–40, as one of many religious options, to become the majority religion of the entire Roman Empire. The process of Christianization proceeded slowly in the first century and was at times met with opposition that occasionally included persecution. Christianity's growth became self-sustaining (able to create continued growth on its own, indefinitely, without outside influence) between 150 and 250. Scholars disagree over the precision of numbers and the length of time Christianization took, but it is generally agreed that Christianity began with fewer than 1,000 people, reached approximately 200,000 converts by the end of the second century, and grew to the bare majority of just over half of the empire's population by 350. It prospered greatly with state support from the reign of Constantine the Great (306 – 337) and his successors for the next century and a half. After the political fall of the western empire in 476, Christianization became nearly universal when state control of religion was asserted by the eastern emperor Justinian I (r. 527 to 565). By the eighth century, the Byzantine papacy, losses to Islam, and changes within Christianity itself, had ended Ancient Christianity as it had existed in the Roman Empire, transforming it into its eclectic medieval forms. From the earliest studies, scholars have sought to understand the conversion of an entire society by asking what sociologist Rodney Stark has described as the central question: "How was it done?" Ancient historian Adam Schor observes that this question has, "more than any other, shadowed the study of late Roman history". Until the last decades of the twentieth century, the primary theory of "how?" focused on the role of Constantine, the first Christian emperor, and his successors imposing Christianity through force. For over 200 years, this "top-down" model and its variations, the conflict model and the legislative model, have provided the major narrative of the conversion of Roman society. In the twenty–first century, new discoveries and new methods have produced additional insights into old theories and some complete alternatives. Both sociology and psychology have offered insight into the processes whereby individuals acquire and transmit certain ideas; the spread of disease has been discussed as a comparison; game theory demonstrates the importance of Roman beliefs about Christians; and many twenty-first century scholars are asserting that sociology's network theory and diffusion of innovation offer the best models for understanding how this extensive social change took place. Other theories argue that Christianity spread as a grass roots movement primarily because it appealed to people over the alternatives. Proposed reasons for this include charity, egalitarianism, accessibility and a clear message.ianism, accessibility and a clear message.
, Declínio do politeísmo greco-romano é um t … Declínio do politeísmo greco-romano é um termo utilizado para designar o processo de ascensão do cristianismo no contexto do Império Romano e seus estados sucessores em detrimento das antigas religiões. A religião, no mundo greco-romano na época da chamada "reviravolta de Constantino", consistia basicamente de três correntes principais. Em primeiro lugar, as religiões tradicionais da Grécia e Roma, em seguida, o culto imperial típico da era imperial romana e, finalmente, as várias religiões de mistério greco-romanas, como os mistérios eleusinos, o culto de Cibele, o mitraísmo e o culto sincrético a Ísis, originalmente uma deusa do Egito Antigo. O cristianismo primitivo cresceu gradualmente em Roma e no Império Romano entre os séculos I e IV, quando foi legalizado e, em sua forma nicena, tornou-se a religião estatal do Império Romano através do Édito de Tessalônica de 380. Tradições helenísticas politeístas sobreviveram em alguns bolsões da Grécia até o século IX. A "Academia" neoplatônica foi obrigada a fechar suas portas em 529 por ordem do imperador bizantino Justiniano I, data que alguns autores consideram como o fim da Antiguidade Clássica.ideram como o fim da Antiguidade Clássica.
, La religión en el Mundo grecorromano en la … La religión en el Mundo grecorromano en la época del cambio constantiniano, comprendía principalmente tres corrientes principales:
* la religión romana tradicional;
* el culto imperial;
* diversas religiones de misterio, como los misterios dionisíacos, eleusinos, mitraicos, etc. El cristianismo primitivo creció gradualmente del siglo I hasta el siglo IV. En el 313 fue publicado el Edicto de Milán con el que se establecía la libertad religiosa y en el 380 se convirtió en la religión estatal con el Edicto de Tesalónica.igión estatal con el Edicto de Tesalónica.
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كان الدين في العالم اليوناني الروماني في و … كان الدين في العالم اليوناني الروماني في وقت التحول في القسطنطينية يتألف في الغالب من ثلاثة تيارات رئيسية:
* الديانات التقليدية في اليونان القديمة وروما القديمة.
* عبادة الأباطرة الرومانيون الرسميون.
* العديد من الديانات الغامضة، مثل أسرار ديونيزيان، وأسرار اليوسيس، وأسرار طوائف كوبيلي، والميثرائية، والتوفيق الديني للإلهة إيزيس.والميثرائية، والتوفيق الديني للإلهة إيزيس.
, La religión en el Mundo grecorromano en la … La religión en el Mundo grecorromano en la época del cambio constantiniano, comprendía principalmente tres corrientes principales:
* la religión romana tradicional;
* el culto imperial;
* diversas religiones de misterio, como los misterios dionisíacos, eleusinos, mitraicos, etc. El cristianismo primitivo creció gradualmente del siglo I hasta el siglo IV. En el 313 fue publicado el Edicto de Milán con el que se establecía la libertad religiosa y en el 380 se convirtió en la religión estatal con el Edicto de Tesalónica.igión estatal con el Edicto de Tesalónica.
, 당시 에는 세 가지 주류 종교가 있었다.
* 고대 그리스와 로마의 전통적 … 당시 에는 세 가지 주류 종교가 있었다.
* 고대 그리스와 로마의 전통적 다신교(그리스-로마 신화)
* 로마 황제를 현인신으로 모시는
* 수많은 밀교들: , 엘레우시스교, 키벨레교, 미트라교, 이시스교 등 초기 기독교는 1세기에서 4세기까지 로마 제국에서 서서히 세를 불려나가 313년 합법종교로 공인되고 380년에는 테살로니카 칙령으로 로마의 국교가 되었다. 하지만 그리스 다신교는 고대 후기 내내 그리스를 중심으로 존속했고, 기독교의 승리 이후에도 기독교와 계속 경쟁하면서 아주 서서히 쇠퇴했다.고, 기독교의 승리 이후에도 기독교와 계속 경쟁하면서 아주 서서히 쇠퇴했다.
, The historiography of Christianization of … The historiography of Christianization of the Roman Empire is a review of scholarly explanations of how Christianity grew from its small, relatively obscure origin in the Roman province of Judaea in AD 30–40, as one of many religious options, to become the majority religion of the entire Roman Empire.ority religion of the entire Roman Empire.
, Pozdně antické náboženství (někdy méně pře … Pozdně antické náboženství (někdy méně přesně též pohanství v pozdní antice) je konvenční novodobé označení pro pestrý a nejednotný soubor náboženských či filosoficko-náboženských nekřesťanských (tj. pohanských) představ a systémů v oblasti tradiční řecko-římské kultury v době, kdy se po vydání milánského ediktu začaly střetávat s křesťanstvím jako rovnoprávným náboženstvím. Zahrnuje širokou škálu kultů, filosofických škol a mysterií nejrůznějšího stáří i původu. Jejich společným znakem bylo to, že byly akceptovanou součástí antické kultury v době, kdy zájem o tradiční náboženské kulty upadal a současně šlo o proudy mimokřesťanské, takže se křesťanství vůči nim v důsledku svého exkluzivního monoteismu negativně vymezovalo.luzivního monoteismu negativně vymezovalo.
, Declínio do politeísmo greco-romano é um t … Declínio do politeísmo greco-romano é um termo utilizado para designar o processo de ascensão do cristianismo no contexto do Império Romano e seus estados sucessores em detrimento das antigas religiões. A religião, no mundo greco-romano na época da chamada "reviravolta de Constantino", consistia basicamente de três correntes principais. Em primeiro lugar, as religiões tradicionais da Grécia e Roma, em seguida, o culto imperial típico da era imperial romana e, finalmente, as várias religiões de mistério greco-romanas, como os mistérios eleusinos, o culto de Cibele, o mitraísmo e o culto sincrético a Ísis, originalmente uma deusa do Egito Antigo., originalmente uma deusa do Egito Antigo.
|
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Declínio do politeísmo greco-romano
, تراجع تعدد الآلهة اليوناني الروماني
, Historiography of Christianization of the Roman Empire
, Pozdně antické náboženství
, Declive del politeísmo grecorromano
, 그리스-로마 다신교의 쇠퇴
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