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Die Geologie des Death Valley kann im Nati … Die Geologie des Death Valley kann im Nationalpark Death Valley (Tal des Todes) nachvollzogen werden. Der Nationalpark umfasst ein Gebiet von 8.367 km², größtenteils in Kalifornien (USA), aber zu einem geringen Teil auch in Nevada. Die stratigraphische Abfolge der Gesteinsschichten und der tektonische Bau des Gebietes spiegelt die lange, abwechslungsreiche und komplexe geologische Entwicklungsgeschichte der Region wider. Bei den ältesten Gesteinen im Gebiet handelt es sich um Metamorphite und Granite des mittleren und späten Proterozoikums, die diskordant (mit einer regionalen Schichtlücke) von vorwiegend marinen Sedimenten überlagert werden (Pahrump-Gruppe). In den obersten Schichten der Pahrump-Gruppe finden sich Indizien für Gletscher-Ablagerungen, die möglicherweise einer spät-präkambrischen Eiszeit zugeordnet werden können (siehe auch Schneeball Erde). Beim Auseinanderbrechen des Superkontinents Rodinia drangen damals zunächst schmale Meeresarme auf die kontinentale Kruste vor. Die Ränder dieser Riftzone sanken ab, bis die kontinentale Erdkruste zerbrach und sich der Pazifik zu öffnen begann. Ein Keil aus klastischen Sedimenten sammelte sich an der Basis der versunkenen Schelfränder und begrub die ersten komplexen Fossilien der Region. Darüber lagerte sich vor rund 550 Millionen Jahren eine Karbonatplattform ab, die für die nächsten 300 Millionen Jahre im Paläozoikum existierte. Der passive Kontinentalrand wandelte sich im frühen und mittleren Mesozoikum in einen aktiven Rand um, als sich die pazifische unter die nordamerikanische Platte schob (Subduktion). Es folgte eine lange Epoche des Vulkanismus und der Gebirgsbildung (Orogenese) entlang der nordamerikanischen Westküste. Im Gebiet des Death Valley produzierte die viele Millionen Jahre anhaltende Erosion der herausgehobenen Gesteinsschichten eine relativ unstrukturierte Ebene. Die erneute Ausdünnung der Kruste unter dem westlichen Nordamerika begann vor etwa 16 Millionen Jahren, vermutlich durch das Emporquellen von Magmen über der vom nordamerikanischen Kontinent überfahrenen Spreizungszone der Farallonplatte. Dieser Prozess hält bis in die Gegenwart an und erzeugte nicht nur die tektonischen Horste und Gräben der Basin and Range-Provinz, sondern setzte auch Lava frei. Vor zwei oder drei Millionen Jahren erreichte der Ausdünnungsprozess auch das Gebiet des heutigen Nationalparks, riss es auseinander, und erzeugte das Death Valley, das Panamint Valley und die umliegenden Gebirgszüge. Diese Täler füllten sich teilweise mit Sedimenten und, während der feuchten Eiszeiten, auch mit Seen. Der größte dieser Seen ist der Lake Manly. Vor 10.500 Jahren wurden die Seen zunehmend vom Schmelzwasser der Gletscher in der Sierra Nevada abgeschnitten, woraufhin sie austrockneten und nur noch Salze und Mineralien zurückblieben. Die heutige Wüstenlandschaft entstand, nachdem die Seen vertrocknet waren.stand, nachdem die Seen vertrocknet waren.
, The exposed geology of the Death Valley ar … The exposed geology of the Death Valley area presents a diverse and complex set of at least 23 formations of sedimentary units, two major gaps in the geologic record called unconformities, and at least one distinct set of related formations geologists call a group. The oldest rocks in the area that now includes Death Valley National Park are extensively metamorphosed by intense heat and pressure and are at least 1700 million years old. These rocks were intruded by a mass of granite 1400 Ma (million years ago) and later uplifted and exposed to nearly 500 million years of erosion. Marine deposition occurred 1200 to 800 Ma, creating thick sequences of conglomerate, mudstone, and carbonate rock topped by stromatolites, and possibly glacial deposits from the hypothesized Snowball Earth event. Rifting thinned huge roughly linear parts of the supercontinent Rodinia enough to allow sea water to invade and divide its landmass into component continents separated by narrow straits. A passive margin developed on the edges of these new seas in the Death Valley region. Carbonate banks formed on this part of the two margins only to be subsided as the continental crust thinned until it broke, giving birth to a new ocean basin. An accretion wedge of clastic sediment then started to accumulate at the base of the submerged precipice, entombing the region's first known fossils of complex life. These sandy mudflats gave way about 550 Ma to a carbonate platform which lasted for the next 300 million years of Paleozoic time. The passive margin switched to active margin in the early-to-mid Mesozoic when the Farallon Plate under the Pacific Ocean started to dive below the North American Plate, creating a subduction zone; volcanoes and uplifting mountains were created as a result. Erosion over many millions of years created a relatively featureless plain. Stretching of the crust under western North America started around 16 Ma and is thought to be caused by upwelling from the subducted spreading-zone of the Farallon Plate. This process continues into the present and is thought to be responsible for creating the Basin and Range province. By 2 to 3 million years ago this province had spread to the Death Valley area, ripping it apart and creating Death Valley, Panamint Valley and surrounding ranges. These valleys partially filled with sediment and, during colder periods during the current ice age, with lakes. Lake Manly was the largest of these lakes; it filled Death Valley during each glacial period from 240,000 years ago to 10,000 years ago. By 10,500 years ago these lakes were increasingly cut off from glacial melt from the Sierra Nevada, starving them of water and concentrating salts and minerals. The desert environment seen today developed after these lakes dried up.oday developed after these lakes dried up.
, La geología expuesta del área de Valle de … La geología expuesta del área de Valle de la Muerte presenta un conjunto diverso y complejo de al menos 23 formaciones de unidades de sedimentación, dos huecos importantes en el registro geológico llamados discordancias, y al menos un conjunto distinto de formaciones geológicas relacionadas llamadas "grupo". Las rocas más viejas en el área que ahora incluye el parque nacional Valle de la Muerte sufrieron extensas modificaciones por presión y calor intensos y tienen al menos 1700 millones de años de antigüedad. Estas rocas provienen de una masa de granito de 1400 Ma (hace millones de años) que más tarde fue expuesta a casi 500 millones de años de erosión.
* Datos: Q1503219
* Multimedia: Geology of the Death Valley area / Q1503219eology of the Death Valley area / Q1503219
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The exposed geology of the Death Valley ar … The exposed geology of the Death Valley area presents a diverse and complex set of at least 23 formations of sedimentary units, two major gaps in the geologic record called unconformities, and at least one distinct set of related formations geologists call a group. The oldest rocks in the area that now includes Death Valley National Park are extensively metamorphosed by intense heat and pressure and are at least 1700 million years old. These rocks were intruded by a mass of granite 1400 Ma (million years ago) and later uplifted and exposed to nearly 500 million years of erosion.ed to nearly 500 million years of erosion.
, La geología expuesta del área de Valle de … La geología expuesta del área de Valle de la Muerte presenta un conjunto diverso y complejo de al menos 23 formaciones de unidades de sedimentación, dos huecos importantes en el registro geológico llamados discordancias, y al menos un conjunto distinto de formaciones geológicas relacionadas llamadas "grupo". Las rocas más viejas en el área que ahora incluye el parque nacional Valle de la Muerte sufrieron extensas modificaciones por presión y calor intensos y tienen al menos 1700 millones de años de antigüedad. Estas rocas provienen de una masa de granito de 1400 Ma (hace millones de años) que más tarde fue expuesta a casi 500 millones de años de erosión.ta a casi 500 millones de años de erosión.
, Die Geologie des Death Valley kann im Nati … Die Geologie des Death Valley kann im Nationalpark Death Valley (Tal des Todes) nachvollzogen werden. Der Nationalpark umfasst ein Gebiet von 8.367 km², größtenteils in Kalifornien (USA), aber zu einem geringen Teil auch in Nevada. Die stratigraphische Abfolge der Gesteinsschichten und der tektonische Bau des Gebietes spiegelt die lange, abwechslungsreiche und komplexe geologische Entwicklungsgeschichte der Region wider.e Entwicklungsgeschichte der Region wider.
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| rdfs:label |
Geology of the Death Valley area
, Geología del área del Valle de la Muerte
, Geologie des Death Valley
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