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Genetic studies on Jews are part of the po … Genetic studies on Jews are part of the population genetics discipline and are used to analyze the chronology of Jewish migration accompanied by research in other fields, such as history, linguistics, archaeology, and paleontology. These studies investigate the origins of various Jewish ethnic divisions. In particular, they examine whether there is a common genetic heritage among them. Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities with most in a community sharing significant ancestry. For populations of the Jewish diaspora, the genetic composition of Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jewish populations show significant amounts of shared Middle Eastern ancestry. According to geneticist Doron Behar and colleagues (2010), this is "consistent with a historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelites of the Levant" and "the dispersion of the people of ancient Israel throughout the Old World". Jews living in the North African, Italian, and Iberian regions show variable frequencies of admixture with the historical non-Jewish population along the maternal lines. In the case of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews (in particular Moroccan Jews), who are closely related, the source of non-Jewish admixture is mainly southern European. Behar and colleagues have remarked on an especially close relationship between Ashkenazi Jews and modern Italians. Some studies show that the Bene Israel and Cochin Jews of India, and the Beta Israel of Ethiopia, while very closely resembling the local populations of their native countries, may have some ancient Jewish descent.ies, may have some ancient Jewish descent.
, تعد الدراسات الوراثية على اليهود جزءًا من … تعد الدراسات الوراثية على اليهود جزءًا من علم الوراثة السكانية، وهي تستخدم لفهم التسلسل الزمني لهجرة هذه المجموعة الإثنية الدينية الذي توفره الأبحاث في مجالات أخرى، مثل التاريخ وعلم الآثار واللغويات وعلم الحفريات. تبحث هذه الدراسات في أصول السكان اليهود اليوم. وعلى وجه الخصوص، يستكشفون ما إذا كان هناك أصل وراثي مشترك بين مختلف اليهود حول العالم. تُظهر دراسات الحمض النووي الوراثي، الذي ينظر إلى مزيج الحمض النووي بأكمله، أن السكان اليهود كانوا يميلون إلى تكوين مجموعات وثيقة الصلة نسبياً في مجتمعات مستقلة مع معظمهم في مجتمع يتشاركون في نسب كبيرة. بالنسبة إلى سكان الشتات اليهودي، فإن التركيب الجيني للأشكناز والسفارديون والمزراحيون اليهود تدلل على وجود درجات كبيرة من الأصول المشتركة المنحدرة من الشرق الأوسط. وفقًا لما قاله الباحث بيهار وزملاؤه (2010)، فإن هذا «يتوافق مع صيغة تاريخية للشعب اليهودي باعتباره ينحدر من العبرانيين والإسرائيليين القدماء في بلاد الشام» ومن ثم «تشتت شعب بنو إسرائيل القدماء في جميع أنحاء العالم القديم». يُظهر اليهود الذين يعيشون في مناطق شمال إفريقيا وإيطاليا وإيبريا تكرارات متباينة من الاختلاط مع السكان التاريخيين غير اليهود على طول خطوط الأم. في حالة اليهود الأشكناز والسفارديون (ولا سيما اليهود المغاربة)، الذين يرتبطون ارتباطًا وثيقًا، فإن مصدر الخليط غير اليهودي هو جنوب أوروبي بصورة أساسية. لاحظ الباحث بيهار وزملاؤه علاقة وثيقة خاصة بين اليهود الأشكناز والإيطاليين الحديثين. تُظهر بعض الدراسات أن بني إسرائيل وإيهود كوشين في الهند وبيتا إسرائيل في إثيوبيا، رغم أنهم يشبهون السكان الأصليين في بلدانهم الأصلية؛ إلَّا أنهم ينحدرون من أصول يهودية قديمة.؛ إلَّا أنهم ينحدرون من أصول يهودية قديمة.
, Les études génétiques sur les Juifs s'insc … Les études génétiques sur les Juifs s'inscrivent dans le cadre de la génétique des populations. L'intérêt de ces études est d'essayer de mieux appréhender l'origine des différentes populations juives d'aujourd'hui. En particulier, elles tentent de déterminer si elles sont significativement issues du Moyen-Orient ou non. D'autre part, elles cherchent à savoir si un patrimoine génétique commun aux différentes populations juives est décelable. Ces études montrent les lignées variées des populations juives modernes. Toutefois, la plupart de ces populations ont un patrimoine génétique paternel commun qui remonte à une population ancienne dont les membres se séparèrent et suivirent une évolution différente. Ces découvertes font remonter des lignées paternelles des Juifs à des ancêtres issus du Moyen-Orient. Si elles ne sont pas en contradiction avec les traditions juives qui situent l'origine du peuple juif dans des populations hébraïques qui se sont installées au Pays de Canaan, elles dessinent une aire géographique d'origine plus large que ces traditions. Les lignées maternelles sont globalement plus hétérogènes. Elles présentent souvent une particularité originale qui est le phénomène des « fondatrices ». Dans un grand nombre de communautés, un nombre limité de femmes est à l'origine d'une grande partie de ces communautés. La plupart du temps, l'origine de ces fondatrices est inconnue ou contestée. Les études réalisées sur un très grand nombre de gènes (non sexués) montrent que Juifs ashkénazes, séfarades (Grèce, Turquie), marocains, syriens et moyen-orientaux (Iran, Irak) font partie d'un groupe génétique commun ayant des origines au Moyen-Orient. Ce groupe est divisé en deux sous-groupes, les Juifs ashkénazes-séfarades-marocains-syriens d'une part et les Juifs moyen-orientaux d'autre part. La différence entre ces deux sous-groupes est l'apport génétique moyen-oriental et sud-européen (en particulier italien) tous deux plus ou moins important dans le premier, et l'apport génétique moyen-oriental dans le second. Un article de Nature résume ainsi en 2013 les connaissances sur les origines des Juifs ashkénazes : « Alors que les lignées masculines remontent significativement à des ancêtres venus du Proche-Orient (et peut-être d'Europe orientale ou du Caucase), les lignées féminines remontent à l'Europe occidentale préhistorique. Ces résultats mettent en lumière l'importance du recrutement de femmes indigènes et des conversions dans la formation des communautés ashkénazes. »la formation des communautés ashkénazes. »
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September 2022
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Previous Y-chromosome studies have demonst … Previous Y-chromosome studies have demonstrated that Ashkenazi Levites, members of a paternally inherited Jewish priestly caste, display a distinctive founder event within R1a, the most prevalent Y-chromosome haplogroup in Eastern Europe. Here we report the analysis of 16 whole R1 sequences and show that a set of 19 unique nucleotide substitutions defines the Ashkenazi R1a lineage. While our survey of one of these, M582, in 2,834 R1a samples reveals its absence in 922 Eastern Europeans, we show it is present in all sampled R1a Ashkenazi Levites, as well as in 33.8% of other R1a Ashkenazi Jewish males and 5.9% of 303 R1a Near Eastern males, where it shows considerably higher diversity. Moreover, the M582 lineage also occurs at low frequencies in non-Ashkenazi Jewish populations. In contrast to the previously suggested Eastern European origin for Ashkenazi Levites, the current data are indicative of a geographic source of the Levite founder lineage in the Near East and its likely presence among pre-Diaspora Hebrews.ikely presence among pre-Diaspora Hebrews.
, Because haplogroups R-M17 and R-P25 are … Because haplogroups R-M17 and R-P25 are present in non-Ashkenazi Jewish populations
and in non-Jewish Near Eastern populations , it is likely that they were also
present at low frequency in the AJ founding population. The admixture analysis shown in Table 6
suggests that 5%–8% of the Ashkenazi gene pool is, indeed, Y chromosomes that may have introgressed from non-Jewish European populations.ssed from non-Jewish European populations.
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تعد الدراسات الوراثية على اليهود جزءًا من … تعد الدراسات الوراثية على اليهود جزءًا من علم الوراثة السكانية، وهي تستخدم لفهم التسلسل الزمني لهجرة هذه المجموعة الإثنية الدينية الذي توفره الأبحاث في مجالات أخرى، مثل التاريخ وعلم الآثار واللغويات وعلم الحفريات. تبحث هذه الدراسات في أصول السكان اليهود اليوم. وعلى وجه الخصوص، يستكشفون ما إذا كان هناك أصل وراثي مشترك بين مختلف اليهود حول العالم. تُظهر دراسات الحمض النووي الوراثي، الذي ينظر إلى مزيج الحمض النووي بأكمله، أن السكان اليهود كانوا يميلون إلى تكوين مجموعات وثيقة الصلة نسبياً في مجتمعات مستقلة مع معظمهم في مجتمع يتشاركون في نسب كبيرة. بالنسبة إلى سكان الشتات اليهودي، فإن التركيب الجيني للأشكناز والسفارديون والمزراحيون اليهود تدلل على وجود درجات كبيرة من الأصول المشتركة المنحدرة من الشرق الأوسط. وفقًا لما قاله الباحث بيهار وزملاؤه (2010)، فإن هذا «يتوافق مع صيغة تاريخية للشعب اليهوإن هذا «يتوافق مع صيغة تاريخية للشعب اليهو
, Les études génétiques sur les Juifs s'insc … Les études génétiques sur les Juifs s'inscrivent dans le cadre de la génétique des populations. L'intérêt de ces études est d'essayer de mieux appréhender l'origine des différentes populations juives d'aujourd'hui. En particulier, elles tentent de déterminer si elles sont significativement issues du Moyen-Orient ou non. D'autre part, elles cherchent à savoir si un patrimoine génétique commun aux différentes populations juives est décelable.férentes populations juives est décelable.
, Genetic studies on Jews are part of the po … Genetic studies on Jews are part of the population genetics discipline and are used to analyze the chronology of Jewish migration accompanied by research in other fields, such as history, linguistics, archaeology, and paleontology. These studies investigate the origins of various Jewish ethnic divisions. In particular, they examine whether there is a common genetic heritage among them.e is a common genetic heritage among them.
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| rdfs:label |
Études génétiques sur les Juifs
, الدراسات الوراثية على اليهود
, Genetic studies on Jews
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http://dbpedia.org/resource/Genetic_history_of_the_Middle_East +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Judaism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Matrilineality +
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