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Après la bataille de la Moskova (ou de Bor … Après la bataille de la Moskova (ou de Borodino), livrée le 7 septembre 1812, l'armée russe se replie en abandonnant la capitale du gouvernement de Moscou. La prise de Moscou par l'armée de Napoléon Ier, le 14 septembre 1812, se fait sans combat mais la ville est ravagée par un grand incendie. Son occupation dure jusqu’au 23 octobre 1812, Napoléon attendant une capitulation russe qui n'arrive pas.t une capitulation russe qui n'arrive pas.
, French Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte's Grande … French Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte's Grande Armée occupied Moscow from 14 September to 19 October 1812 during the Napoleonic Wars. It marked the summit of the French invasion of Russia. During the occupation, which lasted 36 days, the city was devastated by fire and looted by both Russian peasants and the French. Napoleon's invasion of Russia began in June of 1812, and he had made considerable progress by fall. With French victory in the Battle of Borodino on 7 September, the way to Moscow was open. The opposing Russian army under Mikhail Kutuzov had suffered heavy losses and chose to retreat. A week of close escapes on the part of the Russian army followed. Napoleon and Kutuzov even slept on the same bed in the manor of Bolshiye Vyazyomy just one night apart, as the French chased the Russians down. Napoleon and his army entered Moscow on 14 September. To Napoleon's surprise, Kutuzov had abandoned the city, and it fell without a fight. Hundreds of thousands of civilians fled along with the retreating Russian army, leaving the city nearly empty. The capture of the city was a hollow victory for the French, as the Russians—most likely on orders of governor Fyodor Rostopchin—set much of the city on fire in a scorched earth tactic (though the cause of the fire is disputed). For four days until 18 September, the city burned. The French, who had intended to pilfer the city for supplies, were now deep in enemy territory without adequate food as winter was approaching. The French thoroughly looted what had not burned, including ransacking churches. French misery was compounded by guerilla warfare by the Cossacks against French supplies, and total war by peasants. This kind of attrition war weakened the French army at its most vulnerable point: logistics. On 19 October, after losing Battle of Tarutino, Napoleon and his Grande Armée, slowly weakened by the attrition warfare against him, lacking provisions, and facing the first snows, abandoned the city voluntarily and marched southwards until the Battle of Maloyaroslavets stopped the advance. The retreating French set further fires in the city, and blew up monuments. The Russians retook the city on 19 October, and quelled rioting and looting by peasants. The destruction of the city was considerable: it would take more than half a century to return to its pre-war population.ntury to return to its pre-war population.
, أُحتِلت موسكو في 14 سبتمبر عام 1812 من قبل … أُحتِلت موسكو في 14 سبتمبر عام 1812 من قبل الجيش الكبير للإمبراطور الفرنسي نابليون بونابرت خلال الحروب النابليونية. كما اعتُبر احتلال موسكو ذُروَة الغزو الفرنسي لروسيا. وأثناء الاحتلال الذي استمر 36 يومًا، دُمرت المدينة بالنيران لمدة ستة أيام ونُهبت. بعد استمرار «عملية تأخير» باركلي، والتي تُعرَّف على أنها «نظريًا عملية تستبدل فيها قوة تحت الضغط المساحة بالزمن عن طريق إبطاء اندفاع العدو وإلحاق أقصى قدر من الضرر به، دون الانخراط بشكل حاسم»، وحتى معركة بورودينو كجزء من حرب الاستنزاف، استخدم كوتوزوف الكونت فيودور روستوبشين لحرق موارد موسكو كجزء من إستراتيجية الأرض المحروقة، ولجأ لحرب العصابات التي شنها القوزاق ضد الإمدادات الفرنسية، والحرب الشاملة من قبل الفلاحين ضد الناهبين. أضعف هذا النوع من الحرب الجيش الفرنسي في أكثر نقاطه استهدافًا: اللوجستيات. في 19 أكتوبر 1812، بعد معركة تاروتينو الخاسرة، ضعف الجيش الفرنسي بسبب الاستنزاف والافتقار إلى المؤن، وبعد أن حُذر من أول تساقط للثلوج، هجر المدينة طواعية.ر من أول تساقط للثلوج، هجر المدينة طواعية.
, Оккупа́ция Москвы́ великой армией под кома … Оккупа́ция Москвы́ великой армией под командованием императора Наполеона продолжалась чуть больше месяца, со 2 (14) сентября по 8 (20) октября 1812 года, и стала переломным моментом Отечественной войны 1812 года. За время оккупации город был разграблен и опустошён пожаром, причины которого вызывают споры у историков. В последний раз перед этим Москва была занята иностранными войсками ровно за 200 лет до этого.анными войсками ровно за 200 лет до этого.
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--08-16
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, Warsaw December 1812: Napoleon's retreat
, October 1812: Napoleon's Retreat
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, November 1812: : Napoleon's retreat
, --10-24
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, --09-14
, --08-12
, --07-26
, Drohiczyn June 1812: Schwarzenberg's Austrians crossed the border
, --09-07
, --06-24
, --12-30
, --11-29
, --07-24
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French Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte's Grande … French Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte's Grande Armée occupied Moscow from 14 September to 19 October 1812 during the Napoleonic Wars. It marked the summit of the French invasion of Russia. During the occupation, which lasted 36 days, the city was devastated by fire and looted by both Russian peasants and the French.d by both Russian peasants and the French.
, Après la bataille de la Moskova (ou de Bor … Après la bataille de la Moskova (ou de Borodino), livrée le 7 septembre 1812, l'armée russe se replie en abandonnant la capitale du gouvernement de Moscou. La prise de Moscou par l'armée de Napoléon Ier, le 14 septembre 1812, se fait sans combat mais la ville est ravagée par un grand incendie. Son occupation dure jusqu’au 23 octobre 1812, Napoléon attendant une capitulation russe qui n'arrive pas.t une capitulation russe qui n'arrive pas.
, أُحتِلت موسكو في 14 سبتمبر عام 1812 من قبل الجيش الكبير للإمبراطور الفرنسي نابليون بونابرت خلال الحروب النابليونية. كما اعتُبر احتلال موسكو ذُروَة الغزو الفرنسي لروسيا. وأثناء الاحتلال الذي استمر 36 يومًا، دُمرت المدينة بالنيران لمدة ستة أيام ونُهبت.
, Оккупа́ция Москвы́ великой армией под кома … Оккупа́ция Москвы́ великой армией под командованием императора Наполеона продолжалась чуть больше месяца, со 2 (14) сентября по 8 (20) октября 1812 года, и стала переломным моментом Отечественной войны 1812 года. За время оккупации город был разграблен и опустошён пожаром, причины которого вызывают споры у историков. В последний раз перед этим Москва была занята иностранными войсками ровно за 200 лет до этого.анными войсками ровно за 200 лет до этого.
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, Французская оккупация Москвы
, Prise de Moscou
, الاحتلال الفرنسي لموسكو
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