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La Farm Security Administration (FSA) est … La Farm Security Administration (FSA) est un organisme américain créé par le ministère de l'Agriculture en 1937, chargé d'aider les fermiers les plus pauvres touchés par la Grande Dépression. La FSA est le successeur de la Resettlement Administration, créée en 1935 (mais le nom étant peu utilisé, on utilisera le sigle FSA indifféremment pour l'un ou l'autre des programmes). Il s'agit de l'un des programmes du New Deal mis en place par Roosevelt à la suite de la Grande Dépression. Ce projet sera mené jusqu'en 1943. Dirigée par l'économiste Rexford Tugwell, l'agence est chargée de l'aide à l'agriculture sous forme de subventions aux petits paysans, mais également de mener des programmes de planification culturale et de création de coopératives agricoles. Pour mieux promouvoir ses réformes auprès du grand public et du Congrès, l'agence crée en son sein une division de l'Information, laquelle comprend une section Historique, chargée de réunir tous les documents possibles sur l'agence, pour l'information immédiate comme pour la postérité.rmation immédiate comme pour la postérité.
, FSAプロジェクト（えふえすえいプロジェクト）とは、アメリカ合衆国のFSA（Farm Security Administration; 農業安定局または農業保障局）が、1929年の世界恐慌勃発後のアメリカの（主として南部）農村の惨状およびその復興を記録するため（一方で、農民救済の必要性を訴え、一方で、ニューディール政策の効果をアピールするため）に行ったプロジェクト（1935年から1944年）である。
, Farm Security Administration var en amerik … Farm Security Administration var en amerikansk myndighet, som inrättades i samband med New Deal 1937 för att bekämpa fattigdom under Den stora depressionen. Den efterträdde Resettlement Administration, som verkade 1935–1937. Myndigheten upphörde 1946. De projekt som sammanfördes 1935 i Resettlement Administration påbörjades 1933 av Federal Emergency Relief Administration. Myndighetens chef Rexford Tugwell avgick efter kritik från olika håll 1937, varefter myndigheten omorganiserades under en ny chef under namnet Farm Security Administration. Denna fortsatte samma sorts verksamhet för att omlokalisera människor till ny stadsbebyggelse, ordna läger med rimlig standard för migranter, köpa ut småjordbruk i områden där lönsam odlingsmöjlighet upphört, upprätta jordbrukskollektiv och på andra sätt bekämpa fattigdom på landsbygden. Klimatfenomenet Dust Bowl på slättområdena Great Plains ledde till att tusentals arrendatorer, torpare och lantarbetare flyttade till Kalifornien.ch lantarbetare flyttade till Kalifornien.
, Администрация по защите фермерских хозяйст … Администрация по защите фермерских хозяйств (англ. Farm Security Administration, FSA/ФСА) — американское федеральное агентство, созданное в период Нового курса Франклина Рузвельта, в сентябре 1937 года; заменило собой сменил Администрацию по переселению, действовавшую в 1935—1937 годах. Целью FSA была борьбы с сельской бедностью в США во время Великой депрессии. FSA стала известна своим небольшим — 175 000 черно-белых негативов — но влиятельным фото-проектом, в котором освещались проблемы сельской Америки: фотографии представляют собой детальную иллюстрацию истории жизни американцев в период с 1935 по 1944 год. FSA предпринимала усилия по «сельскому восстановлению», направленные на улучшение жизни беднейших землевладельцев, а также — реализовывала программу по приобретению земельных участков и расселению фермеров в коллективные (групповые) хозяйства, расположенные на землях, более подходящих для эффективного ведения сельхоздеятельности. Критики FSA выступали против подобных инициатив, видя в них эксперимент по коллективизации в США. Постепенно FSA стала программой помощи бедным фермерам в приобретении земли — в таком виде она продолжает действовать и в XXI веке.е она продолжает действовать и в XXI веке.
, Die Farm Security Administration (FSA) wur … Die Farm Security Administration (FSA) wurde 1937 als Nachfolgerin der Resettlement Administration (RA) während der Politik des New Deal unter Franklin D. Roosevelt gegründet. Ihr Ziel war es, den Kleinbauern und der armen Landbevölkerung zu helfen. Die FSA wurde im Jahr 1946 aufgelöst. In Europa ist sie für ihre fotografische Dokumentation des ländlichen Amerika während dieser Zeit bekannt.ichen Amerika während dieser Zeit bekannt.
, Farm Security Administration, (FSA, Hospod … Farm Security Administration, (FSA, Hospodářská bezpečnostní správa) je společnost, která byla vytvořena v USA v roce 1935 v rámci New Deal. Úkolem bylo v krizi pomáhat proti americké venkovské chudobě. FSA podporovalo skupování okrajových pozemků, práci na polích s moderními stroji a kolektivizaci.polích s moderními stroji a kolektivizaci.
, A Farm Security Administration foi um orga … A Farm Security Administration foi um organismo criado em 1937 nos Estados Unidos da América durante a Grande Depressão. O objetivo do programa era promover o desenvolvimento de áreas agrícolas, que tinham grande discrepância em relação à qualidade de vida dos habitantes das cidades norte-americanas. Precedido pela Resettlement Administration (R.A.), surgida em Abril de 1935, que era um conjunto de medidas integradas ao New Deal encarregado de estudar e procurar soluções para os problemas que afetavam as populações rurais, ambos foram uma proposta do presidente Frank Delano Roosevelt, que coordenava todas as ajudas realizadas nos vários departamentos governamentais, como, por exemplo, o Agricultural Adjustment Administration e o Federal Emergency Relief Administration. A R.A., que, em 1937 viria a se chamar Farm Security Administration, orientava os agricultures em dificuldades para locais mais economicamente viáveis e com trabalho industrial. A Farm Security Administration, também chamada de F.S.A., ficou muito conhecida pelo trabalho documental desenvolvido no Departamento Histórico, pelo editor de fotografia Roy Stryker, que recolheu cerca de 270 mil negativos, que, atualmente, encontram-se na Biblioteca do Congresso. O projeto do departamento histórico era, em partes, para afirmar a necessidade do projeto, mostrando aos cidadãos do país as condições em que as pessoas das áreas rurais viviam. Alguns dos fotógrafos mais famosos que passaram pela F.S.A. foram Dorothea Lange, Walker Evans, Gordon Parkse Russell Lee. Eles recebiam instruções detalhadas de Stryker, conhecidas como "shooting scripts", nas quais continham informações do que ele desejava catalogar. O projetofotográfivo foi criticado como "propaganda ideológica pelos opositores do governo, justamente por mostrar as necessidades e resultados dos projetos de Roosevelt. Os fotógrafos recebiam bastante liberdade em campo, podendo passar meses em missão para depois retornarem a Washington e entregar os negativos; porém, tudo tinha de ser justificado e refletir em fotos: por se tratar de uma organização governamental, a burocracia era grande e, no caso de Evans, por exemplo, a qualidade de suas fotos era de certa forma ignorada pelos superiores de Stryker e só observavam a pouca quantidade pelo tempo demandado, o que causou o rompimento do fotógrafo com a agência governamental. Porém, o valor estético das fotos era apreciado em exposições organizadas pela própria F.S.A., tanto nos lugares fotografados quanto em grandes cidades. Algumas das fotos foram expostas na exposição The Family of Man, organizada pelo curador Edward Steichen no Museu de Arte Moderna (Nova Iorque); outra exposição grande, desta vez apenas da F.S.A., foi realizada no , em Nova York. Os fotógrafos Walker Evans e Dorothea Lange também fizeram exposições e livros solo com fotos do projeto. Boa parte das fotografias podem ser encontradas online no site da Biblioteca do Congresso.online no site da Biblioteca do Congresso.
, The Farm Security Administration (FSA) was … The Farm Security Administration (FSA) was a New Deal agency created in 1937 to combat rural poverty during the Great Depression in the United States. It succeeded the Resettlement Administration (1935–1937). The FSA is famous for its small but highly influential photography program, 1935–44, that portrayed the challenges of rural poverty. The photographs in the FSA/Office of War Information Photograph Collection form an extensive pictorial record of American life between 1935 and 1944. This U.S. government photography project was headed for most of its existence by Roy Stryker, who guided the effort in a succession of government agencies: the Resettlement Administration (1935–1937), the Farm Security Administration (1937–1942), and the Office of War Information (1942–1944). The collection also includes photographs acquired from other governmental and nongovernmental sources, including the News Bureau at the Offices of Emergency Management (OEM), various branches of the military, and industrial corporations. In total, the black-and-white portion of the collection consists of about 175,000 black-and-white film negatives, encompassing both negatives that were printed for FSA-OWI use and those that were not printed at the time. Color transparencies also made by the FSA/OWI are available in a separate section of the catalog: FSA/OWI Color Photographs. The FSA stressed "rural rehabilitation" efforts to improve the lifestyle of very poor landowning farmers, and a program to purchase submarginal land owned by poor farmers and resettle them in group farms on land more suitable for efficient farming. Reactionary critics, including the Farm Bureau, strongly opposed the FSA as an alleged experiment in collectivizing agriculture—that is, in bringing farmers together to work on large government-owned farms using modern techniques under the supervision of experts. After the Conservative coalition took control of Congress, it transformed the FSA into a program to help poor farmers buy land, and that program continues to operate in the 21st century as the Farmers Home Administration.entury as the Farmers Home Administration.
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Farm Security Administration, (FSA, Hospod … Farm Security Administration, (FSA, Hospodářská bezpečnostní správa) je společnost, která byla vytvořena v USA v roce 1935 v rámci New Deal. Úkolem bylo v krizi pomáhat proti americké venkovské chudobě. FSA podporovalo skupování okrajových pozemků, práci na polích s moderními stroji a kolektivizaci.polích s moderními stroji a kolektivizaci.
, A Farm Security Administration foi um orga … A Farm Security Administration foi um organismo criado em 1937 nos Estados Unidos da América durante a Grande Depressão. O objetivo do programa era promover o desenvolvimento de áreas agrícolas, que tinham grande discrepância em relação à qualidade de vida dos habitantes das cidades norte-americanas. Precedido pela Resettlement Administration (R.A.), surgida em Abril de 1935, que era um conjunto de medidas integradas ao New Deal encarregado de estudar e procurar soluções para os problemas que afetavam as populações rurais, ambos foram uma proposta do presidente Frank Delano Roosevelt, que coordenava todas as ajudas realizadas nos vários departamentos governamentais, como, por exemplo, o Agricultural Adjustment Administration e o Federal Emergency Relief Administration.o Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
, La Farm Security Administration (FSA) est … La Farm Security Administration (FSA) est un organisme américain créé par le ministère de l'Agriculture en 1937, chargé d'aider les fermiers les plus pauvres touchés par la Grande Dépression. La FSA est le successeur de la Resettlement Administration, créée en 1935 (mais le nom étant peu utilisé, on utilisera le sigle FSA indifféremment pour l'un ou l'autre des programmes). Il s'agit de l'un des programmes du New Deal mis en place par Roosevelt à la suite de la Grande Dépression. Ce projet sera mené jusqu'en 1943.ession. Ce projet sera mené jusqu'en 1943.
, Администрация по защите фермерских хозяйст … Администрация по защите фермерских хозяйств (англ. Farm Security Administration, FSA/ФСА) — американское федеральное агентство, созданное в период Нового курса Франклина Рузвельта, в сентябре 1937 года; заменило собой сменил Администрацию по переселению, действовавшую в 1935—1937 годах. Целью FSA была борьбы с сельской бедностью в США во время Великой депрессии. FSA стала известна своим небольшим — 175 000 черно-белых негативов — но влиятельным фото-проектом, в котором освещались проблемы сельской Америки: фотографии представляют собой детальную иллюстрацию истории жизни американцев в период с 1935 по 1944 год.и американцев в период с 1935 по 1944 год.
, Die Farm Security Administration (FSA) wur … Die Farm Security Administration (FSA) wurde 1937 als Nachfolgerin der Resettlement Administration (RA) während der Politik des New Deal unter Franklin D. Roosevelt gegründet. Ihr Ziel war es, den Kleinbauern und der armen Landbevölkerung zu helfen. Die FSA wurde im Jahr 1946 aufgelöst. In Europa ist sie für ihre fotografische Dokumentation des ländlichen Amerika während dieser Zeit bekannt.ichen Amerika während dieser Zeit bekannt.
, Farm Security Administration var en amerikansk myndighet, som inrättades i samband med New Deal 1937 för att bekämpa fattigdom under Den stora depressionen. Den efterträdde Resettlement Administration, som verkade 1935–1937. Myndigheten upphörde 1946.
, The Farm Security Administration (FSA) was … The Farm Security Administration (FSA) was a New Deal agency created in 1937 to combat rural poverty during the Great Depression in the United States. It succeeded the Resettlement Administration (1935–1937). In total, the black-and-white portion of the collection consists of about 175,000 black-and-white film negatives, encompassing both negatives that were printed for FSA-OWI use and those that were not printed at the time. Color transparencies also made by the FSA/OWI are available in a separate section of the catalog: FSA/OWI Color Photographs.of the catalog: FSA/OWI Color Photographs.
, FSAプロジェクト（えふえすえいプロジェクト）とは、アメリカ合衆国のFSA（Farm Security Administration; 農業安定局または農業保障局）が、1929年の世界恐慌勃発後のアメリカの（主として南部）農村の惨状およびその復興を記録するため（一方で、農民救済の必要性を訴え、一方で、ニューディール政策の効果をアピールするため）に行ったプロジェクト（1935年から1944年）である。
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Администрация по защите фермерских хозяйств
, Farm Security Administration
, FSAプロジェクト
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