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La certitude est l'assurance pleine et entière de l'exactitude de quelque chose.
, اليقين في اللغة العلم الذي لا شك معه. وفي الاصطلاح اعتقاد الشيء بأنه كذا مع اعتقاد أنه لا يمكن إلا كذا، مطابقا للواقع غير ممكن الزوال؛ والقيد الأول جنس يشتمل إلى الظن أيضا، والثاني يخرج الظن، والثالث يخرج الجهل، والرابع يخرج اعتقاد المقلد المصيب.
, Jistota je nepochybná pravda, pevné o něče … Jistota je nepochybná pravda, pevné o něčem, nepochybnost. Jistota je stav mysli toho, kdo s plným souhlasem považuje nějaký soud za jistý a na základě toho věří, že má pravdu. Jistota je pevný souhlas odůvodněn evidencí . Základní filozofickou jistotou je jistota nejistoty.ilozofickou jistotou je jistota nejistoty.
, Der Ausdruck Gewissheit bezeichnet alltags … Der Ausdruck Gewissheit bezeichnet alltagssprachlich meist die subjektive Sicherheit bezüglich bestimmter, für gut gerechtfertigt gehaltener Überzeugungen, die sich z. B. auf natürliche oder moralische Sachverhalte beziehen können. Sprachlicher Gegensatz ist die Ungewissheit, die in der Entscheidungstheorie von Bedeutung ist. In verschiedenen Wissenschaften wird „Gewissheit“ darüber hinaus in engerer, präziserer oder teils auch abweichender Bedeutung verwendet. So wird beispielsweise in der philosophischen Erkenntnistheorie von einigen Theoretikern Gewissheit für eines der Kriterien für Wissen gehalten. Viele diesbezügliche Debatten stehen in engem Zusammenhang zum Problem des Skeptizismus. Außerdem wird diskutiert, welche Elemente welche Rolle für das Zustandekommen subjektiver Gewissheit spielen, darunter etwa „Beweise“, Verlässlichkeit von „Expertenmeinungen“, äußere Umstände wie Häufigkeit der gebrachten Argumente oder innere Modalitäten wie emotionale Stabilität. Darüber hinaus findet der Ausdruck Gewissheit oder Sicherheit Anwendung u. a. in verschiedenen Ansätzen der Theorie der praktischen Rationalität, der Argumentationstheorie, Entscheidungstheorie, unterschiedlichen Teilbereichen der modernen Logik, in der Informationstheorie und Automatentheorie, der Ökonomie und Psychologie.atentheorie, der Ökonomie und Psychologie.
, 확정성 (確定性) 또는 확실성 (確實性)은 오류로부터 완전한 보증을 가지고 … 확정성 (確定性) 또는 확실성 (確實性)은 오류로부터 완전한 보증을 가지고 있거나, 의심의 여지 없이 존재하는 정신 상태를 가진 완전한 지식이다. 실제 세계에 대한 확정성을 구하는 것은 역사적으로 실패한 활동이라고 널리 평가된다. 이는 대부분 데이비드 흄의 귀납의 문제가 가진 힘에서 기인한다. 물리학자 카를로 로벨리는 실세계에서 확정성은 불필요하거나 때로는 해롭기까지 하다고 덧붙인다. (모든 결함으로부터의 완전한 보증이라는 개념은 불가능하며, 완전한 의심의 결여는 부당하다.)터의 완전한 보증이라는 개념은 불가능하며, 완전한 의심의 결여는 부당하다.)
, 確定性可被定義為「毫無誤差的完美知識」或「沒有疑惑的精神狀態」。換句話說，確定性即「在所有基礎質詢裡連貫性和正確性的總和」。
, Pewność – pojęcie z zakresu teorii decyzji … Pewność – pojęcie z zakresu teorii decyzji, oznaczające sytuację, w której wybranie danego wariantu na pewno pociąga za sobą określone, znane konsekwencje. Formalnie, decyzjami podejmowanymi w warunkach pewności nazywamy taką klasę problemów decyzyjnych, w której dla każdej decyzji prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia jej konsekwencji wynosi 1. Przykład: Decydujemy jakim środkiem transportu dotrzemy na miejsce, zbierając informacje wybieramy spośród następujących środków: pociąg (cena dojazdu na miejsce: 35 zł), samochód (50 zł), samolot (100 zł). Jedynym kryterium oceny decyzji jest minimalizacja kosztów przejazdu. Wybieramy pociąg. Każda decyzja na pewno pociągała za sobą określone konsekwencje, zatem decyzja została podjęta w warunkach pewności. Pewność występuje też w sytuacji gdy określamy jakieś cechy zjawisk (np. "ogień parzy" albo "ten kolor to czerwony"). Jej źródłem nie są wtedy informacje zebrane na potrzeby podjęcia stojącej przed nami decyzji lecz towarzyszący nam przez całe życie proces poznawczy polegający na doznaniach własnych jak w przypadku ognia oraz na obserwacji sposobu definiowania zjawisk przez środowisko jak np. nazwa dla konkretnej długości fali świetlnej (czerwony).retnej długości fali świetlnej (czerwony).
, Um argumento é uma certeza se, e somente s … Um argumento é uma certeza se, e somente se, a hipótese das premissas do argumento se tornou uma verdade, depois da conclusão provada. Veja este exemplo: Sem olhar, Laurêncio tirou 100 bolinhas de um saco de 100. Das bolinhas que Laurêncio tirou, 100 eram vermelhas.Laurêncio colocou todas as bolinhas de volta no saco.Portanto, a próxima bola que Laurêncio puxar para fora da bolsa será vermelha. A premissa da hipótese tornou-se, realmente, uma conclusão provada. Portanto, esse argumento é uma certeza. Veja no verbete convicção as diferenças entre este termo e a certeza.s diferenças entre este termo e a certeza.
, Säkerhet är den epistemiska egenskapen att en viss tro eller mängd trosuppfattningar inte kan rationellt betvivlas av en viss person. En tro är säker om och endast om personen som håller den tron inte kan vara misstagen om dess sanning.
, La certezza (dal latino certus, metatesi d … La certezza (dal latino certus, metatesi di cretus, participio di cerno, "vaglio, risolvo, discerno") è lo stato, di solito effetto di un'evidenza, in cui l'individuo acquisisce la convinzione soggettiva, la persuasione, di aver raggiunto la sicura conoscenza di un fatto oggettivo.. sicura conoscenza di un fatto oggettivo..
, La certeza es la seguridad factual (constatación) que se tiene como garantía de un enunciado, del grado de verdad o falsedad, de la tautología proposicional en un silogismo o en general del conocimiento sobre un asunto.
, Ziurtasuna zerbaiti buruzko jakintza zehat … Ziurtasuna zerbaiti buruzko jakintza zehatza da, zalantza eta errorerik gabea. Ziurtasun mota zebait daude: pertsona bat ziur da psikologikoki, sinesmen bati buruz erabat konbentziturik dagoenean, sinesmen hori baztertu ezin duenean; epistemologian, berriz, zerbait ziurra da horri buruz erabateko jakintza dagoenean. Aipatu izan da balitekeela ziurtasun epistemikoa zirutasun psikologikorik gabe egotea, zalantzarako bidea irekita utziz beti. Ziurtasun moral ere aipatu izan da, zerbait baieztatu edo nolabait jokatzearen komenigarritasunarekin sinesten denean, ziurtasun psikologikorik gabe. Probabilitatean, gertakizun ziurra aipatzen da, 1 probabilitatea duen gertakizunari buruz.1 probabilitatea duen gertakizunari buruz.
, Certainty (also known as epistemic certain … Certainty (also known as epistemic certainty or objective certainty) is the epistemic property of beliefs which a person has no rational grounds for doubting. One standard way of defining epistemic certainty is that a belief is certain if and only if the person holding that belief could not be mistaken in holding that belief. Other common definitions of certainty involve the indubitable nature of such beliefs or define certainty as a property of those beliefs with the greatest possible justification. Certainty is closely related to knowledge, although contemporary philosophers tend to treat knowledge as having lower requirements than certainty. Importantly, epistemic certainty is not the same thing as psychological certainty (also known as subjective certainty or certitude), which describes the highest degree to which a person could be convinced that something is true. While a person may be completely convinced that a particular belief is true, and might even be psychologically incapable of entertaining its falsity, this does not entail that the belief is itself beyond rational doubt or incapable of being false. While the word "certainty" is sometimes used to refer to a person's subjective certainty about the truth of a belief, philosophers are primarily interested in the question of whether any beliefs ever attain objective certainty. The philosophical question of whether one can ever be truly certain about anything has been widely debated for centuries. Many proponents of philosophical skepticism deny that certainty is possible, or claim that it is only possible in a priori domains such as logic or mathematics. Historically, many philosophers have held that knowledge requires epistemic certainty, and therefore that one must have infallible justification in order to count as knowing the truth of a proposition. However, many philosophers such as René Descartes were troubled by the resulting skeptical implications, since all of our experiences at least seem to be compatible with various skeptical scenarios. It is generally accepted today that most of our beliefs are compatible with their falsity and are therefore fallible, although the status of being certain is still often ascribed to a limited range of beliefs (such as "I exist"). The apparent fallibility of our beliefs has led many contemporary philosophers to deny that knowledge requires certainty.to deny that knowledge requires certainty.
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La certitude est l'assurance pleine et entière de l'exactitude de quelque chose.
, 確定性可被定義為「毫無誤差的完美知識」或「沒有疑惑的精神狀態」。換句話說，確定性即「在所有基礎質詢裡連貫性和正確性的總和」。
, Pewność – pojęcie z zakresu teorii decyzji … Pewność – pojęcie z zakresu teorii decyzji, oznaczające sytuację, w której wybranie danego wariantu na pewno pociąga za sobą określone, znane konsekwencje. Formalnie, decyzjami podejmowanymi w warunkach pewności nazywamy taką klasę problemów decyzyjnych, w której dla każdej decyzji prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia jej konsekwencji wynosi 1.two wystąpienia jej konsekwencji wynosi 1.
, Um argumento é uma certeza se, e somente s … Um argumento é uma certeza se, e somente se, a hipótese das premissas do argumento se tornou uma verdade, depois da conclusão provada. Veja este exemplo: Sem olhar, Laurêncio tirou 100 bolinhas de um saco de 100. Das bolinhas que Laurêncio tirou, 100 eram vermelhas.Laurêncio colocou todas as bolinhas de volta no saco.Portanto, a próxima bola que Laurêncio puxar para fora da bolsa será vermelha. A premissa da hipótese tornou-se, realmente, uma conclusão provada. Portanto, esse argumento é uma certeza. Veja no verbete convicção as diferenças entre este termo e a certeza.s diferenças entre este termo e a certeza.
, اليقين في اللغة العلم الذي لا شك معه. وفي الاصطلاح اعتقاد الشيء بأنه كذا مع اعتقاد أنه لا يمكن إلا كذا، مطابقا للواقع غير ممكن الزوال؛ والقيد الأول جنس يشتمل إلى الظن أيضا، والثاني يخرج الظن، والثالث يخرج الجهل، والرابع يخرج اعتقاد المقلد المصيب.
, Säkerhet är den epistemiska egenskapen att en viss tro eller mängd trosuppfattningar inte kan rationellt betvivlas av en viss person. En tro är säker om och endast om personen som håller den tron inte kan vara misstagen om dess sanning.
, La certeza es la seguridad factual (constatación) que se tiene como garantía de un enunciado, del grado de verdad o falsedad, de la tautología proposicional en un silogismo o en general del conocimiento sobre un asunto.
, Certainty (also known as epistemic certain … Certainty (also known as epistemic certainty or objective certainty) is the epistemic property of beliefs which a person has no rational grounds for doubting. One standard way of defining epistemic certainty is that a belief is certain if and only if the person holding that belief could not be mistaken in holding that belief. Other common definitions of certainty involve the indubitable nature of such beliefs or define certainty as a property of those beliefs with the greatest possible justification. Certainty is closely related to knowledge, although contemporary philosophers tend to treat knowledge as having lower requirements than certainty. having lower requirements than certainty.
, Jistota je nepochybná pravda, pevné o něče … Jistota je nepochybná pravda, pevné o něčem, nepochybnost. Jistota je stav mysli toho, kdo s plným souhlasem považuje nějaký soud za jistý a na základě toho věří, že má pravdu. Jistota je pevný souhlas odůvodněn evidencí . Základní filozofickou jistotou je jistota nejistoty.ilozofickou jistotou je jistota nejistoty.
, Der Ausdruck Gewissheit bezeichnet alltags … Der Ausdruck Gewissheit bezeichnet alltagssprachlich meist die subjektive Sicherheit bezüglich bestimmter, für gut gerechtfertigt gehaltener Überzeugungen, die sich z. B. auf natürliche oder moralische Sachverhalte beziehen können. Sprachlicher Gegensatz ist die Ungewissheit, die in der Entscheidungstheorie von Bedeutung ist.er Entscheidungstheorie von Bedeutung ist.
, Ziurtasuna zerbaiti buruzko jakintza zehat … Ziurtasuna zerbaiti buruzko jakintza zehatza da, zalantza eta errorerik gabea. Ziurtasun mota zebait daude: pertsona bat ziur da psikologikoki, sinesmen bati buruz erabat konbentziturik dagoenean, sinesmen hori baztertu ezin duenean; epistemologian, berriz, zerbait ziurra da horri buruz erabateko jakintza dagoenean. Aipatu izan da balitekeela ziurtasun epistemikoa zirutasun psikologikorik gabe egotea, zalantzarako bidea irekita utziz beti. Ziurtasun moral ere aipatu izan da, zerbait baieztatu edo nolabait jokatzearen komenigarritasunarekin sinesten denean, ziurtasun psikologikorik gabe. Probabilitatean, gertakizun ziurra aipatzen da, 1 probabilitatea duen gertakizunari buruz.1 probabilitatea duen gertakizunari buruz.
, 확정성 (確定性) 또는 확실성 (確實性)은 오류로부터 완전한 보증을 가지고 … 확정성 (確定性) 또는 확실성 (確實性)은 오류로부터 완전한 보증을 가지고 있거나, 의심의 여지 없이 존재하는 정신 상태를 가진 완전한 지식이다. 실제 세계에 대한 확정성을 구하는 것은 역사적으로 실패한 활동이라고 널리 평가된다. 이는 대부분 데이비드 흄의 귀납의 문제가 가진 힘에서 기인한다. 물리학자 카를로 로벨리는 실세계에서 확정성은 불필요하거나 때로는 해롭기까지 하다고 덧붙인다. (모든 결함으로부터의 완전한 보증이라는 개념은 불가능하며, 완전한 의심의 결여는 부당하다.)터의 완전한 보증이라는 개념은 불가능하며, 완전한 의심의 결여는 부당하다.)
, La certezza (dal latino certus, metatesi d … La certezza (dal latino certus, metatesi di cretus, participio di cerno, "vaglio, risolvo, discerno") è lo stato, di solito effetto di un'evidenza, in cui l'individuo acquisisce la convinzione soggettiva, la persuasione, di aver raggiunto la sicura conoscenza di un fatto oggettivo.. sicura conoscenza di un fatto oggettivo..
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| rdfs:label |
Certeza y opinión
, Gewissheit
, Certainty
, Säkerhet (filosofi)
, Jistota
, Certeza
, 確定性
, Certitude
, 확정성
, يقين
, Ziurtasun
, Certeco
, Certezza
, Pewność (teoria decyzji)
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| rdfs:seeAlso |
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Inductive_reasoning +
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