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Members of the Catholic Church have been a … Members of the Catholic Church have been active in the elections of the United States since the mid 19th century. The United States has never had religious parties (unlike much of the world, especially in Europe and Latin America). There has never been an American Catholic religious party, either local, state or national. In 1776 Catholics comprised less than 1% of the population of the new nation, but their presence grew rapidly after 1840 with immigration from Germany, Ireland, and later from Italy, Poland and elsewhere in Catholic Europe from 1840 to 1914, and also from Latin America in the 20th and 21st centuries. Catholics now comprise 25% to 27% of the national vote, with over 68 million members today. 85% of today's Catholics report their faith to be "somewhat" to "very important" to them. From the mid-19th century down to 1964 Catholics were solidly Democratic, sometimes at the 80–90% level. From the 1930s to the 1950s Catholics formed a core part of the New Deal Coalition, with overlapping memberships in the church, labor unions, big city machines, and the working class, all of which promoted liberal policy positions in domestic affairs and anti-communism during the Cold War. Since the election of the nation's first Catholic president in 1960, Catholics have split about 50–50 between the two major parties in national elections. Beginning with the decline of unions and big city machines, increased suburbanization and with upward mobility into the middle classes, Catholics have drifted away from liberalism of the Democratic Party and toward conservatism on economic issues (such as taxes). Since the end of the Cold War, their strong anti-Communism has faded in importance. On social issues the Catholic Church takes strong positions against abortion and same-sex marriage and has formed coalitions with Protestant evangelicals. In 2015 Pope Francis declared that man-made climate change is caused by burning fossil fuels. The Pope stated the warming of the planet is rooted in "a throwaway culture" and the developed world's indifference to the destruction of the planet as it pursues short-term economic gains. However, the Pope's statements on climate change were generally met with indifference among Catholics while Catholic commentaries ranged from praise to dismissal, with some stating that it was not binding or magisterial due to its scientific nature. The Pope's statements on these issues were most prominently laid out in encyclical Laudato si'. The publication by Francis had put pressure on Catholics seeking the Republican Party nomination for president of the United States in 2016, including Jeb Bush and Rick Santorum, who "have questioned or denied the established science of human-caused climate change, and have harshly criticized policies designed to tax or regulate the burning of fossil fuels." Religious tensions were major issues in the presidential election of 1928 when the Democrats nominated Al Smith, a Catholic who was defeated, and in 1960 when the Democrats also nominated John F. Kennedy, a Catholic who was elected. For the next three elections, a Catholic would be nominated for the vice presidency by one of the two major parties (Bill Miller in 1964, Ed Muskie in 1968, Tom Eagleton and then Sarge Shriver in 1972), but the ticket would lose. Geraldine Ferraro would continue the tradition in 1984, but she also lost, and the non-Catholic vice-presidential streak was broken in 2008. A Catholic, John Kerry, lost the 2004 election to incumbent George W. Bush, a Methodist, who may have won the majority of Catholic vote. The 2012 election was the first where both major party vice presidential candidates were Catholic, Joe Biden and Paul Ryan. As of August 2021, there are 25 Catholics in the United States Senate, and 131 (out of 435) Catholics in the United States House of Representatives, including the House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and House Minority Whip Steve Scalise. In 2008, Joe Biden became the first Catholic to be elected Vice President of the United States. His successor Mike Pence was raised Catholic but converted to evangelical Protestantism later in life. In 2020, Biden went on to be elected the second Roman Catholic president of the United States.n Catholic president of the United States.
, O catolicismo corresponde, atualmente, a u … O catolicismo corresponde, atualmente, a uma parte significativa da vida política dos Estados Unidos da América, ao contrário do que ocorria quando a nação foi fundada por protestantes. A Igreja Católica é a segunda maior religião cristã dos Estados Unidos, com mais de 68 milhões de membros, atrás apenas do Protestantismo. Para 85% dos católicos, sua fé tem alguma ou grande importância. Nas eleições nacionais mais recentes, os católicos representaram de 25% a 27% dos votos. Entretanto, ao contrário de outros países com grande número de católicos, os Estados Unidos não possui nenhum partido Cristão Democrata grande. Nunca houve, de fato, na política do país, um partido político de orientação cristã similar aos da Europa e da América Latina. Da metade do Século XIX até 1964, os católicos estavam solificadamente ligados ao Partido Democarata. O nível de apoio dos católicos aos democratas chegava a 80% no período. Os católicos eram parte importante da Coalizão do New Deal, lutando por posições liberais na política interna e contra o comunismo na política externa. Desde a eleição de 1968, o voto dos católicos dividiu-se. Em 2004, por exemplo, o republicano conservador George W. Bush ganhou mais votos de católicos do que o democrata liberal John Kerry, apesar deste último ser católico. Isto se explica graças ao declínio dos sindicatos e da mobilidade dos católicos à classe média, o que os afastou do liberalismo, aproximando-os do conservadorismo (principalmente econômico). Desde o fim da Guerra Fria, a grande luta dos católicos contra o comunismo perdeu sentido. Em relação às políticas sociais, a Igreja Católica orienta seus fiéis a votarem contra políticos pró-escolha e a favor do casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo. Entretanto, não é raro a maioria laica ir contra as determinações do Papa em relação ao controle de natalidade. Nas últimas eleições presidenciais, por exemplo, 54% dos católicos votaram em Barack Obama, apesar da orientação de alguns bispos para que os fiéis não votassem nele por este ter defendido o direito ao aborto enquanto Senador. Não são raras, entretanto, as coalizões formadas entre católicos conservadores e evangélicos para se oporem às propostas de legalização do aborto e do casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo. Tais coalizões não são um fenômeno exclusivo da política estadunidense, estando presentes nas casas legislativas de vários países do Ocidente.legislativas de vários países do Ocidente.
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| rdfs:comment |
Members of the Catholic Church have been a … Members of the Catholic Church have been active in the elections of the United States since the mid 19th century. The United States has never had religious parties (unlike much of the world, especially in Europe and Latin America). There has never been an American Catholic religious party, either local, state or national.us party, either local, state or national.
, O catolicismo corresponde, atualmente, a u … O catolicismo corresponde, atualmente, a uma parte significativa da vida política dos Estados Unidos da América, ao contrário do que ocorria quando a nação foi fundada por protestantes. A Igreja Católica é a segunda maior religião cristã dos Estados Unidos, com mais de 68 milhões de membros, atrás apenas do Protestantismo. Para 85% dos católicos, sua fé tem alguma ou grande importância. Nas eleições nacionais mais recentes, os católicos representaram de 25% a 27% dos votos. Entretanto, ao contrário de outros países com grande número de católicos, os Estados Unidos não possui nenhum partido Cristão Democrata grande. Nunca houve, de fato, na política do país, um partido político de orientação cristã similar aos da Europa e da América Latina.similar aos da Europa e da América Latina.
|
| rdfs:label |
Catholic Church and politics in the United States
, Catolicismo e política nos Estados Unidos
|
