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Over the past two centuries, the relations … Over the past two centuries, the relationship between black people and Mormonism has included both official and unofficial discrimination. From the mid-1800s to 1978, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) prevented most men of black African descent from being ordained to the church's lay priesthood, barred black men and women from participating in the ordinances of its temples and opposed interracial marriage. Since black men of African descent could not receive the priesthood, they were excluded from holding leadership roles and performing these rituals. However, in 1978, the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve issued Official Declaration 2, which officially ended the LDS Church's temple and priesthood restrictions. The LDS Church's stance towards slavery also alternated several times during its history, from one of neutrality, to one of anti-slavery, to one of pro-slavery. Many leaders, including Ezra Taft Benson, were vocally opposed to the civil rights movement. At times, Joseph Smith advocated both for and against slavery. The LDS Church taught its members that temple ordinances such as the endowment and marriage sealings are necessary for the highest level of salvation. As early as 1844, leaders suggested that black people were less valiant in the pre-existence. The church's first presidents, Joseph Smith and Brigham Young, claimed that black skin was the result of the Curse of Cain or the Curse of Ham. In recent decades, the LDS Church has condemned racism and it has also increased its proselytization efforts and outreach in black communities. It still faces accusations of perpetuating implicit racism by not acknowledging, apologizing or adequately paying for its past discriminatory practices and beliefs. Under church president Russell M. Nelson, the church launched initiatives to cooperate with the NAACP in 2019, leading Nelson to speak at the NAACP national convention in 2019 and leading the church to issue joint statements with the national leaders of the NAACP in 2020. In June 2020, a spokesperson for the NAACP criticized the LDS Church for not taking more action. In the church's October 2020 general conference, multiple leaders spoke against racism. In June 2021, the LDS Church announced plans to spend over $9 million in cooperation with the NAACP and the United Negro College Fund over the next three years. In 2008, there were about one million black LDS Church members worldwide. There are also at least five operating LDS Church temples in Africa with 14 more temples in some stage of development or construction, in addition to temples in the Dominican Republic, Haiti and several other temples in the African diaspora. The priesthoods of most other Mormon denominations, such as the Community of Christ, Bickertonite, and Strangite, have always been open to members of all races. always been open to members of all races.
, La situation des Noirs dans le mormonisme au sein de l’Église de Jésus-Christ des saints des derniers jours a longtemps fait l’objet de controverses, principalement en raison du refus, jusqu’en 1978, d’ordonner des personnes noires à la prêtrise.
, Von der Mitte der 1800er Jahre bis 1978 ve … Von der Mitte der 1800er Jahre bis 1978 vertrat die Kirche Jesu Christi der Heiligen der Letzten Tage die Position, dass Männer mit afrikanischer Abstammung das Priestertum nicht erhalten durften.:213 Schwarzen Mitgliedern war es auch nicht erlaubt, an den meisten Tempelzeremonien teilzunehmen.:198 Diese Glaubensansichten beeinflussten die Ansichten der Bürgerrechte.:75 Unter dem ersten Präsidenten der Kirche Jesu Christi, Joseph Smith, wurden schwarze Mitglieder zum Priesteramt in der Kirche ordiniert. Diese Praxis wurde unter dem zweiten Präsidenten, Brigham Young, im Jahr 1852 abgeändert. In den meisten anderen mormonischen Kirchen wie zum Beispiel der Gemeinschaft Christi war eine Priesterumsordinierung für schwarze Mitglieder weiterhin möglich. Nach der Ermordung Joseph Smiths und der Ankunft der Mitglieder im Salzseetal in Utah lehrte Brigham Young, dass Schwarze kein Wahlrecht haben sollten, dass sie keine öffentlichen Ämter ausführen dürften und dass Gott Mischehen verbieten würde.:39 Diese Ansichten wurden von den Gegnern der Sklaverei zu dieser Zeit kritisiert. Brigham Young lehrte jedoch auch, dass die Priestertumseinschränkung eines Tages aufgehoben werden würde.:66 Brigham Young hatte eine wichtige Funktion bei der kurzzeitigen Legalisierung der Sklaverei im Utah-Territorium und begründete dies mitunter mit dem Priestertumsverbot. Obwohl die Mitgliedschaft allen Ethnien offenstand, schlossen sich bis 1978 nur wenige Schwarze der Kirche Jesu Christi an. Auch von der Bürgerrechtsbewegung wurden die Ansichten der Kirche Jesu Christi kaum bemerkt und deshalb nicht herausgefordert. Mit Beginn der 1960er Jahre wurde die Position der Kirche Jesu Christi zunehmend kritisch gesehen. Bei einem Versuch, das Verbot aufzuheben, stimmten jedoch nicht alle Mitglieder der Ersten Präsidentschaft und des Kollegiums der Zwölf Apostel einer Änderung zu, sodass die damalige Position der Kirche beibehalten wurde.:64 Im Jahr 1978 erklärte die Kirche Jesu Christi unter ihrem damaligen Präsidenten, Spencer W. Kimball, dass eine Offenbarung zum Priestertum empfangen und die Einschränkung von afrikanischen Mitgliedern hinsichtlich der Ordinierung zum Priesteramt aufgehoben wurde. Gleichzeitig wurden die Segnungen des Tempels allen würdigen Mitgliedern der Kirche, Männern wie Frauen, zugänglich gemacht. Im Jahr 1997 gab es circa 500.000 schwarze Mitglieder in der Kirche Jesu Christi. Dies entspricht einem Anteil von 5 %. Bis ins Jahr 2008 ist die Anzahl der schwarzen Mitglieder weltweit auf eine Million angestiegen.der weltweit auf eine Million angestiegen.
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Over the past two centuries, the relations … Over the past two centuries, the relationship between black people and Mormonism has included both official and unofficial discrimination. From the mid-1800s to 1978, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) prevented most men of black African descent from being ordained to the church's lay priesthood, barred black men and women from participating in the ordinances of its temples and opposed interracial marriage. Since black men of African descent could not receive the priesthood, they were excluded from holding leadership roles and performing these rituals. However, in 1978, the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve issued Official Declaration 2, which officially ended the LDS Church's temple and priesthood restrictions.urch's temple and priesthood restrictions.
, Von der Mitte der 1800er Jahre bis 1978 ve … Von der Mitte der 1800er Jahre bis 1978 vertrat die Kirche Jesu Christi der Heiligen der Letzten Tage die Position, dass Männer mit afrikanischer Abstammung das Priestertum nicht erhalten durften.:213 Schwarzen Mitgliedern war es auch nicht erlaubt, an den meisten Tempelzeremonien teilzunehmen.:198 Diese Glaubensansichten beeinflussten die Ansichten der Bürgerrechte.:75 Unter dem ersten Präsidenten der Kirche Jesu Christi, Joseph Smith, wurden schwarze Mitglieder zum Priesteramt in der Kirche ordiniert. Diese Praxis wurde unter dem zweiten Präsidenten, Brigham Young, im Jahr 1852 abgeändert. In den meisten anderen mormonischen Kirchen wie zum Beispiel der Gemeinschaft Christi war eine Priesterumsordinierung für schwarze Mitglieder weiterhin möglich. Nach der Ermordung Joseph Smiths und der. Nach der Ermordung Joseph Smiths und der
, La situation des Noirs dans le mormonisme au sein de l’Église de Jésus-Christ des saints des derniers jours a longtemps fait l’objet de controverses, principalement en raison du refus, jusqu’en 1978, d’ordonner des personnes noires à la prêtrise.
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