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Maut Hitam adalah salah satu pandemi palin … Maut Hitam adalah salah satu pandemi paling menghancurkan dalam sejarah manusia, yang mengakibatkan kematian sekitar 75 hingga 200 juta orang di Eurasia, dan memuncak di Eurasia dari tahun 1321 hingga 1353. Migrasinya mengikuti rute perdagangan laut dan darat di dunia abad pertengahan. Migrasi ini telah dipelajari selama berabad-abad sebagai contoh bagaimana penyebaran penyakit menular dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat dan ekonomi manusia. Wabah ini disebabkan oleh bakteri Yersinia pestis, yang banyak terdapat pada tikus di kawasan Asia Tengah. Morelli et al. (2010) meneliti bahwa bakteri tersebut berasal dari Cina lalu menyebar ke Asia Tengah, dan menuju Eropa. Wabah ini dari daerah Asia Tengah, dibawa menuju ke arah timur dan barat dengan melalui Jalur Sutra. Para pembawanya adalah pedagang yang memanfaatkan izin bebas untuk melintas di daerah Mongol (Pax Mongolica), dan tentara Mongol yang sedang menginvasi Eropa Timur. Wabah ini pertama kali tiba di Eropa pada tahun 1347 di kota Caffa di Krimea. Wabah ini tercatat karena pada saat itu, kota Caffa sedang berada dalam pengepungan oleh tentara Mongol yang sedang menderita karena wabah tersebut. Para tentara Mongol, mulai melemparkan mayat prajurit mereka yang mati karena wabah, kedalam benteng kota Caffa. Setelah para penghuni kota tersebut terinfeksi, para pedagang Genoa yang berada di dalam kota pun mengungsi dan membawa wabah tersebut menuju Sisilia dan Eropa Selatan. Sementara itu, di Cina, penyerangan yang dilakukan oleh Mongol, kelaparan, dan cuaca, dan penyebaran wabah, membuat keadaan masyarakat menjadi sangat mengkhawatirkan. Populasi berkurang dari 120 juta orang menjadi 60 juta. dalam waktu singkat.rang menjadi 60 juta. dalam waktu singkat.
, The Black Death was one of the most devast … The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia, and peaking in Eurasia from 1321 to 1353. Its migration followed the sea and land trading routes of the medieval world. This migration has been studied for centuries as an example of how the spread of contagious diseases is impacted by human society and economics. Plague is caused by Yersinia pestis, and is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of ground rodents in Central Asia. While initial phylogenetic studies suggested that the plague bacillus evolved 2,000 years ago near China, specifically in the Tian Shan mountains on the border between modern-day China and Kyrgyzstan, this view has been contested by recent molecular studies which have indicated that the plague was present in Scandinavia 3,000 years earlier. Likewise, the immediate origins of the Black Death are also uncertain. The pandemic has often been assumed to have started in China, but lack of physical and specific textual evidence for it in 14th century China has resulted in continued disputes on the origin to this day. Other theories of origin place the first cases in the steppes of Central Asia or the Near East. Historians Michael W. Dols and Ole Benedictow argue that the historical evidence concerning epidemics in the Mediterranean and specifically the Plague of Justinian point to a probability that the Black Death originated in Central Asia, where it then became entrenched among the rodent population. According to eastern origin theories, it has been assumed that the plague transferred from Central Asia east and west along the Silk Road, by Mongol armies and traders making use of the opportunities of free passage within the Mongol Empire offered by the Pax Mongolica. It was reportedly first introduced to Europe when Mongols lobbed plague-infected corpses during the siege of the city of Caffa in the Crimea in 1347. The Genoese traders fled, bringing the plague by ship into Sicily and Southern Europe, whence it spread. However even the Silk Road spread theory is disputed, as others point out that the Pax Mongolica had already broken down by 1325, when Western and Persian traders found it difficult to conduct trade in the region, and impossible by 1340.ade in the region, and impossible by 1340.
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The Black Death was one of the most devast … The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia, and peaking in Eurasia from 1321 to 1353. Its migration followed the sea and land trading routes of the medieval world. This migration has been studied for centuries as an example of how the spread of contagious diseases is impacted by human society and economics.s impacted by human society and economics.
, Maut Hitam adalah salah satu pandemi palin … Maut Hitam adalah salah satu pandemi paling menghancurkan dalam sejarah manusia, yang mengakibatkan kematian sekitar 75 hingga 200 juta orang di Eurasia, dan memuncak di Eurasia dari tahun 1321 hingga 1353. Migrasinya mengikuti rute perdagangan laut dan darat di dunia abad pertengahan. Migrasi ini telah dipelajari selama berabad-abad sebagai contoh bagaimana penyebaran penyakit menular dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat dan ekonomi manusia.aruhi oleh masyarakat dan ekonomi manusia.
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, Black Death migration
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