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| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract | Das Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) w … Das Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) war ein Forschungsinstitut des Departments of Electrical Engineering an der University of Illinois. Es wurde am 1. Januar 1958 vom damaligen Professor for Electrical Engineering Heinz von Foerster gegründet. Er war Leiter des BCL bis zu seiner Emeritierung. Schwerpunkt der Forschung am BCL waren die Systemtheorie und speziell der Bereich selbstorganisierender Systeme und der Bionik, dem Versuch biologische Prozesse zu analysieren, zu formalisieren und auf Rechnern zu implementieren. Damit knüpfte das BCL sowohl an die Ideen von Warren McCulloch als auch an die Macy-Konferenzen an. Das BCL war im ersten Jahrzehnt seines Bestehens hauptsächlich ein Forschungslabor ohne eigene Lehrtätigkeit. Studenten konnten zwar am BCL arbeiten, wurden aber nicht ausgebildet. Bis 1965 hatten viele Forscher eine Gastprofessur am BCL: (England), (England), W. Ross Ashby (England), Gordon Pask (England), Gotthard Günther (USA, Deutschland), (Israel), (Schweden). Ashby (seit 1961) und Gotthard Günther (seit 1967) erhielten reguläre Professuren, Löfgren und Pask blieben auch nach ihrer Gastprofessur in ständigem Kontakt mit dem BCL. Das BCL finanzierte sich vor allem über Drittmittel. Insbesondere die militärischen Organisationen US Air Force und US Navy verfügten in den 50er und 60er Jahren über große Etats für Grundlagenforschung, die auch für nicht-militärische Bereiche zur Verfügung standen. Weitere Geldgeber waren: Department of Health; ; Public Health Service; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation, Washington, Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, New York; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Electronics Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Office of Education, Bureau of Research, Washington, D.C. und , San Francisco, California. Mit Beginn der 1970er Jahre musste die Vergabe militärischer Forschungsgelder aufgrund des Mansfield-Amendments auf Projekte beschränkt werden, die militärisch nutzbare Ergebnisse lieferten. Es gelang Heinz v. Foerster nicht, gleichwertige Sponsoren zu finden. 1974 wurde das BCL auf Grund fehlender Forschungsmittel geschlossen.nd fehlender Forschungsmittel geschlossen. , The Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) w … The Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) was a research institute of the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. It was founded on 1 January 1958, by then Professor of Electrical Engineering Heinz von Foerster. He was head of BCL until his retirement in 1975. The focus of research at BCL was systems theory and specifically the area of self-organizing systems, bionics, and bio-inspired computing; that is, analyzing, formalizing, and implementing biological processes using computers. BCL was inspired by the ideas of Warren McCulloch and the Macy Conferences, as well as many other thinkers in the field of cybernetics. In the first decade of its existence, BCL was primarily a non-teaching research lab. Although students could work at BCL, they were not trained. Until 1965, many researchers had a visiting professorship at BCL: (England), (England), W. Ross Ashby (England), Gordon Pask (England), Gotthard Günther (USA, Germany), Dan Cohen (Israel), Lars Löfgren (Sweden), Humberto Maturana (Chile), Francisco Varela (Chile), Ernst von Glasersfeld (Austria), Stafford Beer (England), John C. Lilly (USA). Ashby (since 1961) and Günther (since 1967) received regular professorships, and Löfgren and Pask remained in constant contact with BCL even after their visiting professorship. BCL was financed primarily by grants. This came in part from military organizations such as U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy which, in the 1950s and 60s, possessed large budgets for basic research. Non-military donors included the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research in New York, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Electronics Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts Office of Education, Bureau of Research, Washington, DC and the Point Foundation in San Francisco, California. With the beginning of the 1970s, military research funding became limited to projects that provided militarily useful results, and von Foerster was unable to identify adequate sponsors. In 1974, the BCL was closed due to lack of research funds. was closed due to lack of research funds. |
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| rdfs:comment | The Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) w … The Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) was a research institute of the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. It was founded on 1 January 1958, by then Professor of Electrical Engineering Heinz von Foerster. He was head of BCL until his retirement in 1975. In the first decade of its existence, BCL was primarily a non-teaching research lab. Although students could work at BCL, they were not trained. could work at BCL, they were not trained. , Das Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) w … Das Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) war ein Forschungsinstitut des Departments of Electrical Engineering an der University of Illinois. Es wurde am 1. Januar 1958 vom damaligen Professor for Electrical Engineering Heinz von Foerster gegründet. Er war Leiter des BCL bis zu seiner Emeritierung. Das BCL war im ersten Jahrzehnt seines Bestehens hauptsächlich ein Forschungslabor ohne eigene Lehrtätigkeit. Studenten konnten zwar am BCL arbeiten, wurden aber nicht ausgebildet. 1974 wurde das BCL auf Grund fehlender Forschungsmittel geschlossen.nd fehlender Forschungsmittel geschlossen. |
| rdfs:label | Biological Computer Laboratory |
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