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The Belen Pass (Turkish: Belen Geçidi), kn … The Belen Pass (Turkish: Belen Geçidi), known in antiquity as the Syrian Gates (Greek: Συρίαι πύλαι, Syríai Pýlai; Latin: Syriae Portae), is a pass through the Nur Mountains located in the Belen District of Hatay Province in south-central Turkey. Ancient geographers described the pass through what was then known as the Amanus Mountains as 300 paces across. Historically, it and the Amanian Gate to its north formed the most important route between the regions of Cilicia and Syria. Near the western end of the pass is the Pillar of Jonah, marking the spot where the Hebrew prophet was supposedly disgorged by the great fish that had consumed him. Around 401 BC, Cyrus the Younger passed through the Syrian Gates without a fight when his army of 100,000—including the ten thousand Greek mercenaries immortalized by Xenophon's Anabasis—compelled the Persian general opposing them to order his garrison to retreat. After the 333 BC Battle of Issus, Alexander the Great's army pursued Darius III through the pass. In 39 BC, it was the scene of the Battle of Amanus Pass between Roman forces under P. Ventidius Bassus and Parthian forces under . The Romans completely routed the Parthian army and killed its commander, compelling Pacorus I to withdraw across the Euphrates and allow the Romans to restore their rule over Syria over the course of the next year. During the 12th and 13th centuries, the Crusaders of Antioch and Armenians of Cilicia built several fortresses along and nearby the Syrian Gates, including Trapessac at the northeast approach; Çalan, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) north of what is now Belen; Sarı Seki at the northwest approach; and Bagras guarding an alternate southern route between Antioch and Cilicia. The Crusader fortification at Çalan was surveyed in 1979. The pass received its present name following its conquest by the Turks. On July 28, 1832, a major battle took place at the pass between the Ottoman and Egyptian armies, where the forces of Ibrahim Pasha defeated the Turks.orces of Ibrahim Pasha defeated the Turks.
, Las Puertas Sirias, o Paso de Belén (en tu … Las Puertas Sirias, o Paso de Belén (en turco Belen Geçidi), son un paso de montaña ubicado en el distrito de Belén, provincia de Hatay (Turquía). El estrecho paso entre los montes Amanus, o montes Nur, es el camino más importante para pasar de la región costera de Cilicia al interior de Siria. El paso es conocido por su importancia estratégica, ya que en la antigüedad fue usado como vía de penetración de expediciones militares procedentes de Grecia que se dirigían a Mesopotamia: hubo varias batallas de Iso en la llanura situada al oeste por el control de este paso, la más conocida de las cuales fue la que enfrentó a Alejandro Magno contra Darío III. También el 28 de julio de 1832 tuvo lugar una batalla en la que las fuerzas de Ibrahim bajá de Egipto derrotaron al ejército otomano. Junto al extremo oeste del paso está el , que conmemora el lugar en el que supuestamente Jonás fue vomitado por la ballena que se lo había tragado.o por la ballena que se lo había tragado.
, Portes Síries (en llatí Syriae Portae, en … Portes Síries (en llatí Syriae Portae, en grec antic Συρίαι πύλαι) també anomenades Portes d'Amanos (en grec Ἀμανίδες Πύλαι, en llatí Portae Amani), era un pas entre les muntanyes d'Amanos i la badia d'Issos que permetia el pas de Cilícia a Síria. Ciceró diu que hi havia dos passos entre Síria i Cilícia a través de les muntanyes, tan estrets que es podien defensar amb una petita guarnició, situats a les muntanyes d'Amanos, que formaven una muralla entre els dos països. D'aquests passos, el del sud sembla ser el pas anomenat Belian, per on es podia anar d'İskenderun fins a Antioquia de l'Orontes. L'altre pas estava situat més al nord. Per aquest pas, Darios III de Pèrsia va creuar les muntanyes i va arribar a Issos, quan Alexandre el Gran l'havia abandonat. Alexandre va retrocedir i es va enfrontar al rei persa a l'anomenada Batalla d'Issos l'any 333 aC. Modernament es va anomenar Pas de Belen, per la seva proximitat a la ciutat de Belen.r la seva proximitat a la ciutat de Belen.
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The Belen Pass (Turkish: Belen Geçidi), kn … The Belen Pass (Turkish: Belen Geçidi), known in antiquity as the Syrian Gates (Greek: Συρίαι πύλαι, Syríai Pýlai; Latin: Syriae Portae), is a pass through the Nur Mountains located in the Belen District of Hatay Province in south-central Turkey. Around 401 BC, Cyrus the Younger passed through the Syrian Gates without a fight when his army of 100,000—including the ten thousand Greek mercenaries immortalized by Xenophon's Anabasis—compelled the Persian general opposing them to order his garrison to retreat. The pass received its present name following its conquest by the Turks. name following its conquest by the Turks.
, Portes Síries (en llatí Syriae Portae, en … Portes Síries (en llatí Syriae Portae, en grec antic Συρίαι πύλαι) també anomenades Portes d'Amanos (en grec Ἀμανίδες Πύλαι, en llatí Portae Amani), era un pas entre les muntanyes d'Amanos i la badia d'Issos que permetia el pas de Cilícia a Síria. Modernament es va anomenar Pas de Belen, per la seva proximitat a la ciutat de Belen.r la seva proximitat a la ciutat de Belen.
, Las Puertas Sirias, o Paso de Belén (en tu … Las Puertas Sirias, o Paso de Belén (en turco Belen Geçidi), son un paso de montaña ubicado en el distrito de Belén, provincia de Hatay (Turquía). El estrecho paso entre los montes Amanus, o montes Nur, es el camino más importante para pasar de la región costera de Cilicia al interior de Siria. Junto al extremo oeste del paso está el , que conmemora el lugar en el que supuestamente Jonás fue vomitado por la ballena que se lo había tragado.o por la ballena que se lo había tragado.
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Belen Pass
, Portes Síries
, Puertas Sirias
, Passo di Beilan
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